Cibrarjp  of  t:he  t:heolo3ical  ^eminarjp 

PRINCETON  .  NEW  JERSEY 

FROM  THE  LIBRARY  OF 
ROBERT  ELLIOTT  SPEER 


VITAL   TRUTHSU 


APR  13  13,9 


RESPECTING  GOD   AND    MAN 


IN  SYSTEMATIC  ARRANGEMENT 

WITH  CLEAR  CONCISE  STATEMENTS 


By  J.    GLENTWORTH    BUTLER,    D.D. 


^  Bible  ®ext  Book 


FOR 


MISSIONARY    TRAINING    AND    BIBLE-STUDY    SCHOOLS; 

ADVANCED   CLASSES    IN   CHURCHES,    ENDEAVOR   AND    CHRISTIAN 

ASSOCIATIONS,    AND    HIGHER    EDUCATIONAL   INSTITUTIONS; 

LAY    AND    MISSIONARY    WORKERS    IN    HOME    AND    FOREIGN    FIELDS; 

ALL  BIBLE  TEACHERS,   STUDENTS,   AND  THOUGHTFUL   READERS. 


PHILADELPHIA 

THE   WESTMINSTER   PRESS 

igo4 


"  Piety  is  nourished  by  Scriptural  truth.  .  .  .  The  high- 
est type  of  rehgion — reHgion  which  fills  the  soul  and  stirs  every 
muscle  of  holy  enterprise ;  which  absorbs  us  in  rapturous  con- 
templation of  the  Divine  Glory,  and  embraces  the  world  in  its 
benevolent  zeal ;  which  renders  one's  own  heart  an  altar  on 
which  daily  incense  rises  to  God.  and  pants  to  hear  the  voice' 
of  praise  ascending  from  all  mankind — is  inspired  by  the 
Divine  Spirit  in  connection  with  the  highest  forms  of  truth." 
Prof.  Henry  B.  Smith. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Explanatory ■        •      3 

Scheme  of  Truths  Herein  Presented 4>  5 

Vital  Scripture  Truths      .        . 6 

Alphabetical  Index  to  Topics 267 


Copyright  by  J.  Glentworth  Butler,  igo^ 


EXPLANATORY. 

The  Method  of  the  Volume  is  simple  but  thorough.  All  the 
texts  bearing  upon  each  subject  or  truth  have  been  carefully 
gathered  and  closely  studied  as  to  the  explicit  and  implicit  teach- 
ings of  each  text.  From  this  study  an  analysis  is  made  of  the 
several  distinctive  points  of  the  subject  or  truth.  These  points 
are  then  drawn  out  in  definite,  concise  statements  or  proposi- 
tions, arranged  in  a  natural  order,  to  each  of  whicli  are 
directly  attached  the  texts  which  suggested  and  svistain  it. 
If  the  subject  or  truth  has  relations  or  affinities  with  other 
truths,  these  also  are  definitely  stated  and  the  texts  attached. 
Closely  allied  subjects  are  grouped  together  in  order  to  their 
better  comprehension.  In  this  orderly  and  thorough  way, 
by  a  method  that  seems  to  be  natural  and  exhaustive,  are 
deduced  leading  and  subordinate  propositions  touching  each 
vital  truth  directly  from  the  body  of  inspired  statements  relat- 
ing to  that  truth.  And  it  has  this  desirable  advantage,  that 
the  correctness  and  sufficiency  of  its  propositions  can  be  deter- 
mined  for  himself  by  every  intelligent  student  and   reader. 

All  essential  and  helpful  subjects  have  been  treated  with 
a  fullness  proportioned  to  their  relative  importance,  and  to  the 
number  and  the  reach  of  the  texts  which  disclose  them.  In 
these  restatements  of  Bible  truths,  the  sole  intent  and  en- 
deavor has  been  to  keep  within  the  limits  of  what  is  clearly 
revealed,  and  sustained  by  definite  and  applicable  texts.  In 
the  form  of  these  statements,  technical,  formal,  and  obsolete 
phraseology  has  been  avoided.  The  aim  has  been,  in  all  defi- 
nitions and  summaries  of  teaching  to  use  a  simple,  clear,  and 
appropriate  diction. 

As  a  distinct  and  widely  helpful  feature,  these  pages  pro- 
vide for  preachers  and  all  Bible  students  an  incomparable  col- 
lection of  reliable  proof  texts  for  every  definite  Bible  teaching. 

Notes. — i.  The  Roman  numerals  and  ordinary  figures  attached  to  texts 
(e.  g.  vii.  240)  refer  to  Volume  and  Page  of  the  Bible-Work,  containing 
full  comments,  exegetical,  explanatory  and  suggestive. 

2.  As  almost  every  cited  text  refers  to  its  own  volume  and  page  in  the 
Bible- Work,  the  book  furnishes  an  exhaustive  Index  to  that  work. 

3.  Omitted  points  and  comment  contained  in  the  Topical  Analysis  of 
THE  Bible  are  referred  to  throughout  these  pages.  The  omission  is  neces- 
sary to  lessen  the  cost  of  this  volume.  A  few  readjustments  have  been 
made  and  brief  impressive  paragraphs  added. 


SCHEME  OF  TRUTHS  AS  HEREIN  PRESENTED. 

PART   FIRST. 
VITAL    TRUTHS    RESPECTING   GOD. 

Being:  Essential  Elements;  Inhering  Properties  (Natural  Attributes)  ; 
Qualities  of  Character  (Moral  Attributes). 

Works:   Creation;   Providence;   Redemption    (bare  statement). 

Trinity  in  Unity.     Office  Work  of  Trinity  in  Human  Redemption. 

Particulars  of  Christ's  Redemptive  Work:  Incarnation;  Influences 
and  Effects  of  His  Earthly  Life;  Self-Sacrificial  Atonement; 
Justification;  Adoption;  Indwelling  and  Oneness  with  the  Be- 
liever. 

Particulars  of  the  Holy  Spirit's  Redemptive  Agency : 

1.  Act  of  Regeneration,  or  Creation  of  New  Life.    Man's  Con- 

ditional Part:  Repentance  and  Faith. 

2.  Process  of  Sanctification,  or  Daily  Renewal  of  Spiritual  Life. 

Work  of  Christ  and  the  Holy  Spirit  summarized:  REDEMPTION 
and  SALVATION. 

Related  Topics,  Disclosing  the  Mind,  Will  and  Heart  of  God :  Law 
of  God ;  Will  of  God ;  Love  of  God. 

Group  of  Special  Topics  touching  the  Love  of  God:  Grace  and  Mercy; 
Covenants ;  Promises ;  Beatitudes ;  Call  of  God  to  Men ;  Calling 
and  Election  of  God,  including  Agency,  Divine  and  Human; 
Kingdom  of  God ;  Heaven  of  God. 

PART  SECOND. 
BIBLE    TEACHINGS   CONCERNING   MAN. 

As  Created  by  God ;  Primary  Spiritual  Experience,  before  and  after 
the  Pall ;  the  Sin  of  Man,  its  Source,  Genesis,  Process  and  Ef- 


Scheme  of  Truths.  5 

fects;   God's  Merciful  Relation  to  and  Gracious  Dealings  with 
Fallen  Man. 

Truths  Bearing  upon  Man's  Life  Here  and  Hereafter :  Native  Dignity 
and  Greatness ;  Earthly  Life  a  Sphere  of  Obligation  and  Respon- 
sibility, and  a  Period  of  Education,  Discipline  and  Training;  His 
Plan  of  Life  ordered  by  God,  and  his  heart  ever  open  to  God's 
Inquisition  and  Judgment ;  Exposed  to  evil  influence  of  Satan  and 
Wicked  Men ;  Two  Types  of  Life,  God-centered  and  Self-centered 
(expanded  under  Self)  ;  Life  a  Moral  Sowing  and  Reaping; 
Brevity  as  Mortal ;  Death ;  Judgment ;  Resurrection ;  Immortality. 

Man  as  Spiritually  Transformed. 

Process  and  Results,  under  the  Heading 

CHRISTIAN    LIFE. 

Introductory:  Terms  applied  to  Believers;  Figures  of  the  Christian 
Life. 

Christian  Experience:  Its  Inauguration,  Agents,  Means  and  Effects. 
Its  Continuity  and  Progress.     Its  Attainments  and  Limitations. 

Christian  Character. 

Christian  Walk  or  Conduct. 

Christian  Work  or  Service   (highest  form,  Soul  Winning). 

Christian  Graces  as  Incifements  and  Helps  to  Christian  Living:  Faith; 
Hope;  Love,  to  God  and  Man;  Joy;  Peace;  Humility;  Patience 
and  Waiting  on  God ;  Childheartedness ;  Wisdom ;  Longing  after 
God. 

Afflictions  and  Temptations  as  Conditions  and  Helps. 

Specific  Personal  Obligations  demanded  by  Christian  Living: 

I.  Believer's  Duties  toward  God:    (i)    Essential   Features  of 

heart  exercise  and  experience :  Obedience,  Truthfulness, 
Unworldliness,  Watchfulness,  Steadfastness.  (2)  Wor- 
ship: Offering  of  Praise,  Thanksgiving  and  Service  (in 
heaven  and  earth)  ;  Prayer  (for  men  on  earth).  (3)  La- 
bor or  Work,  as  commanded. 

II.  Personal  Obligat'ons  toward  Men :  Right,  Wise  and  Helpful 

use  of  Speech,  of  Money,  of  Mental  Gifts,  and  of  attained 
Position  and  Influence. 


6  Truths  Respecting  God. 

PART  I. 
VITAL  TRUTHS  RESPECTING  GOD. 

PRELIMINARY. 

Inferential  Evidences,  through  Reason,  Conscience  and 
Experience,  of  a  Self-Existing,  Supreme  Intelligence  with 
unlimited  Power,  Wisdom  and  Goodness. 

1.  Through  Reason.  From  existing  Worlds,  and  Living  Crea- 
tures with  their  varied  structures  and  capacities  of  growth  and  repro- 
duction.    Confirmed  by  Scripture :  Rom.  i  :  20. 

2.  Through  Reason.  From  the  Course  of  Events  in  Personal  and 
National  History,  manifestly  ordered  and  controlled  by  a  Supreme 
Intelligence  and  Power.  Confirmed  by  Scripture :  Ps.  22 :  28.  Dan. 
4:35.     Acts  17:25,  26,  28. 

3.  Through  Conscience.  Man's  personal  sense  of  Accountability 
to  a  Supreme  Moral  Ruler.  Rom.  2:15.  Note. — The  inward  conscious 
conviction  of  personal  responsibility  is  an  inherent  product  of  the 
conscience  or  moral  judgment  that  exists  and  spontaneously  acts  in 
every  man  by  nature.  This  sense  of  accountability  implies  of  neces- 
sity a  Being  to  whom  the  account  must  be  rendered,  or  a  rightful  and 
supreme  Moral  Ruler  and  Judge. 

4.  Through  Conscious  E.xperience.  Man's  personal  sense  of  De- 
pendence upon  a  Supreme  Controlling  Power:  Jer.  10:23.  VIII.  446. 
Ps.  31:15.  Ps.  75  :  7.  Note. — This  recognized  fact  of  dependence,  pro- 
duced and  set  in  every  man's  conviction  by  known  and  felt  helpless- 
ness, intimates  the  further  relation  of  Creator.  Upholder  and  Provider. 

5.  Man's  instinctive  acknowledgment  of  Accountability  and  De- 
pendence leads  to  Worship  of  a  Supreme  Creator,  Ruler  and  Con- 
troller.    Worship   universal   among  men. 

BEING  AND  CHARACTER  OF  GOD. 

This  First  Part  unfolds  clearly,  fully  and  concisely  the  two  only 
vital  facts  of  supreme  interest  and  moment  to  the  created  human 
spirit:  First,  The  Being  and  Character  of  Cod;  Second.  The  Working 
of  God  in  Human  Redemption. 


Being  of  God — Elements.  7 

The  knowledge  and  realization  of  the  Being  and  Character  of 
God  is  a  fundamental  condition  of  any  just  conception  and  appre- 
hension of  His  Redemptive  Working.  Hence  our  first,  deepest,  most 
thorough  thought  should  be  given  to  His  Being  and  Character  as 
disclosed  in  His  Self  Revelation.  And  not  only  at  the  outset,  but  con- 
tinuously in  the  entire  progress  of  a  genuine  Christian  experience, 
the  thought  and  realization  of  God  Himself  as  He  is,  as  by  the  teach- 
ing of  His  Word  and  Spirit  w^e  have  learned  Him  to  be,  should  be 
present  as  the  basis  of  all  other  thoughts  respecting  His  gracious 
dealing  with  us. 

This  immediate,  abiding,  personal  thought  and  consciousness  of 
God  in  the  fullness  of  His  Being  and  Character  is  emphatically  com- 
mended to  daily  practice  and  habit  by  all  who  count  themselves  Chris- 
tians for  their  comfort  and  spiritual  growth.  And  for  those  who  are 
seekers  of  other  souls,  this  same  thought  and  apprehension  of  God 
Himself  in  His  Being  and  Character  should  be  the  first  point  of  in- 
struction, though  followed  immediately  by  the  story  of  the  Cross. 
This  counsel  is  confirmed  by  the  words,  "  He  that  comcth  to  God  must 
hclicvc  that  He  is,  and  is  a  rcwarder  of  them  that  seek  after  Him." 
The  seeker  who  finds  God  must  knozv,  in  order  to  trust  in,  His  Being 
and  Character.  This  is  the  true,  initial  point  of  conviction  and  action 
by  seeking  souls.  Directly  connected  with,  but  following  this,  comes 
the  method  of  rewarding  and  saving  through  the  Cross  of  Christ. 

Note. — In  Revelation  God  assumes  and  asserts  His  own  exclusive 
Being,  Working  and  Absolute  Supremacy,  without  suggestion  of  argument 
or  proof.     See  Bible- Work,  Vol.  I.    p.  90. 

Essential  Elements  of  His  Being. 

1.  A  Spirit,  with  threefold  characteristics  of  Mind,  Heart,  and 
Will.  From  man's  spiritual  nature,  "  made  in  the  likeness  of  God  " 
we  infer  the  meaning  of  Spirit  as  applied  to  God.  The  terms  Infinite 
and  Finite  intimate  the  immeasurable  difference  and  distance  between 
the  uncaused  Creator  and  the  creature.  John  4:24.  God  is  a  Spirit. 
X.  102. 

2.  Living  and  Life-Giving.  The  only  Being  who  possesses  un- 
created and  unbounded  life,  with  inherent  unlimited  power  and  capa- 
city to  conceive,  to  plan,  to  will  and  to  act,  and  so  to  originate,  create, 
and  forever  control  all  forms  of  life  and  of  matter.  Jer.  10:  10.  The 
living  God.  VIII.  444.  Deiit.  5:  26.  Josh.  3:  10.  i  Sam.  17:  26.  2  K. 
19:4.  Ps.  42:2.  Acts  14:  15.  Mat.  16:16.  Rom.  9:26.  2  Cor.  6:16. 
I  Thes.  1:9.     I  Tim.  3  :  15  ;  4 :  10. 


8  Elements — Properties. 

3.  Self -Existent,  Self -Upholding,  Self-Moved  and  Self-Sufficient. 
Uncaused  and  Unbeginning,  absolutely  Independent  and  Without 
Limitation.  The  great  text  covering  this  point  and  the  preceding  one : 
His  own  definition  of  Himself:  Ex.  3:14.  I  AM  THAT  I  AM. 
I.  586.     See  also  Isa.  40:  13.14.     Rom.  11:33-36. 

4.  Personality.  He  speaks,  is  addressed,  and  spoken  of  as  a 
Person,  in  the  words,  I,  Thou,  He.  Personality  (of  God  and  man) 
strongly  emphasized  in  Old  Testament  Religion,  H.  14.  "  The  saying 
I  AM  stamps  for  all  ages  the  Personality  and  Unity  of  God  as  the 
center  of  belief  respecting  Him." — H.  Alford.  See  B.-W.,  IV.  99,  2d 
col. 

5.  One  Only.  But  One  and  the  same  Being  speaks  and  is  referred 
to  throughout,  and  His  sole  Godhead  asserted.  This  Unity,  too,  is  a 
necessary  inference  from  each  of  the  preceding  Elements.  Deut.  6:4. 
The  Lord  our  God  is  One  Lord.  II.  202.  Deut.  4:39.  The  Lord 
is  God,  there  is  none  else.  Ps.  86:  10.  Thou  art  God  alone.  Isa. 
44:6.  I  am  the  first  and  the  last,  and  besides  me  there  is  no  God. 
Isa.  45:  5,  21,  22.  I  am  God  ...  a  just  God  and  a  Saviour,  and 
there  is  none  else,  no  God  besides  me.  John  17:3.  Thee,  the  only 
true  God.     i  Cor.  8:6.    One  God.     Gal.  3:20.     God  is  One. 


Properties  (Attributes)  Inherent  to  His  Being. 

1.  Eternal.  Directly  asserted  in  the  Name  I  AM,  and  in  many 
express  declarations.  An  unquestionable  conclusion  from  each  of  His 
Essential  Elements.  Isa.  40:28.  The  everlasting  God,  the  Lord,  the 
Creator.  Isa.  57:15.  The  High  and  Lofty  One  that  inhabiteth 
eternity.  VIII.  323.  Ps.  90:2.  From  everlasting  to  everlasting, 
Thou  art  God.  Deut.  33:27.  The  Eternal  God.  Rev.  1:8,  11.  I  am 
Alpha  and  Omega,  the  first  and  the  last,  the  beginning  and  the  ending, 
saith  the  Lord  God,  which  is,  and  which  was.  and  which  is  to  come, 
the  Almighty. 

2.  Infinite : 

(i)  In  Knowledge  and  Wisdom.  (Omniscient.)  Proven  by  His 
Nature  and  Working.  Job  11:7,  8.  Canst  thou  by  searching  find 
out  God?  VI.  73,  74.  Isa.  40:28.  There  is  no  searching  of  His 
understanding.  Isa.  46:10.  Declaring  the  end  from  the  beginning. 
VIII.  244.     Amos  4:  13.  Dcclarcth  to  man  His  thought.     Ilcb.  4:  13. 


Properties — Qualities.  9 

All  things  are  open  before  the  eyes  of  Him.  Ps.  139.  Jer.  32:  19. 
Thine  eyes  are  open  upon  all  the  ways  of  the  sons  of  man.  2.  Chron. 
16:9.  VII.  285.  Jer.  23:24.  VIII.  511,  VII.  507.  Rom.  11:33.  O  the 
depth  both  of  the  wisdom  and  knowledge  of  God  !  How  unsearchable 
are  His  judgments,  and  His  ways  past  finding  out.  Acts  15:18. 
Known  unto  God  are  all  His  works  from  the  beginning  of  the  world. 

(2)  In  Power.  (Omnipotent.)  Proven  by  His  Nature  and  Work- 
ing. Jer.  32:  17,  18.  The  Great,  the  Mighty  God,  the  Lord  of  Hosts 
is  His  name.  Nothing  too  hard  for  Thee.  Creator  of  heaven  and 
earth.  VIT.  444-446.  Ps.  50:  i.  Deut.  7:21.  i  Chron.  29:  11.  Thine 
is  the  greatness,  the  power,  the  glory,  the  victory  and  the  majesty, 
for  all  that  is  in  heaven  and  in  the  earth  is  Thine.  HI.  491.  Isa.  40: 
28.  The  everlasting  God,  the  Creator  of  the  ends  of  the  earth,  fainteth 
not,  neither  is  weary.  Ps.  62:  11.  Power  belongeth  unto  God.  Gen. 
17:1;  35:  II.  I  am  the  Almighty  God.  2  Cor.  6:18.  Rev.  4:  8;  15  :  3. 
Ps.  66:  7.  He  ruleth  by  His  power  forever.  65:  66;  106:  6.  Acts  14: 
16.    2  Kings  6:  16.  VII.  202,  203,  205.    Ps.  104:  i.  V.  191. 

(3)  In  the  Reach  of  His  Presence.  (Omnipresent.)  Proven  as 
before.  Jer.  23:24.  Do  not  I  fill  heaven  and  earth?  VIII.  511.  2 
Chron.  6 :  18.  Heaven  and  the  heaven  of  heavens  cannot  contain  Thee. 
HI.  555.     Ps.  139.     Acts  17:27,  28.     Acts  7:49. 

3,  Unchangeable,  in  Principles  and  Motives,  the  Sources 
and  Guides  of  Action.  Mai.  3  :  6.  I  am  Jehovah,  I  change  not.  IX. 
640,  641.  Heb.  13:8.  The  same,  yesterday,  to-day  and  forever.  Ps. 
102:  2"].  V.  178.  James  i  :  17.  With  Whom  can  be  no  variation,  neither 
shadow  cast,  by  turning.  All  His  action  controlled  by  immutable 
principles.  Illus.  by  His  Repenting.  I.  22,}^,  HI.  166,  469,  VIII.  491, 
IX.  396,  458. 

[Because  God  is  unchangeable.  His  purposes  are  flexible.  He 
treats  differently  those  who  treat  Him  differently,  and  this  precisely 
Ijecause  He  changes  not.     Reichcl.'] 

Qualities  of  Character  (Moral  Attributes)  Including 
Every  Element  of  Absolute  Perfection. 

I.  Holiness.  Immaculate  Purity  of  His  Moral  Nature. 
Lev.  19:2.  I,  the  Lord  your  God,  am  holy.  Ex.  15:11.  Glorious 
in  holiness.     H.  57.  Josh.  24:  19.  He  is  an  holy  God.  Ps.  99:  3,  5,  9. 


lO  Qualities  of  Ch:ir2cter. 

V.  162-166.  Isa.  5:  16.  Ps.  111:9.  ^  in.  T,2;^.  Isa.  6:3.  Holy,  holy, 
holy,  is  the  Lord  of  Hosts,  VHI.  41.  Rev.  4:8.  Isa.  57:15.  VHI. 
323.  4- 

2.  Righteousness,  in  His  Dealings  with  Angels  and  Men. 
Ex.  9:  15.  Thou  an  righteous.  Xch.  9:8.  I's.  119:  137.  jer.  12:  i. 
Righteousness  belongeth  to  Thee.  Dan.  9:  7.  Jer.  9:  24.  I.  the  Lord, 
exercise  righteousness.  Isa.  45:  19.  I  speak  righteousness.  Ps.  11:7. 
The  righteous  Lord  loveth  righteousness.  Ps.  145:  17.  Is  righteous  in 
all  His  ways.  Ps.  48:  10.  Thy  right  hand  is  full  of  righteousness.  Ps. 
119:  142.  Thy  righteousness  is  everlasting.  Ps.  71 :  19.  Thy  righteous- 
ness is  very  high.  Ps.  36.8.  Like  great  mountains.  Ps.  19:9.  The 
judgments  of  the  Lord  are  righteous.  Ps.  96:  13.  Ps.  119:  7.  62.  106, 
160,  164.  Ps.  97:  2.  Kigliteousness  and  judgment  are  the  foundations 
of  His  Throne.    V.  155.  156.     Ps.  111:3.     Ps.  143:11. 

3.  Justice,  in  the  Administration  of  His  Law  over  Intelli- 
gent, Accountable  Beings.  Deut.  32:  4.  A  God  just  and  right  is  tic. 
II.  725.  Rev.  13:3.  Just  and  true  are  Thy  ways.  Ps.  89:  14.  justice 
and  judgment  are  the  habitation  of  Thy  throne.  Isa.  45:21.  A  just 
God  and  a  Saviour.  Vlll.  239.  Zech.  9:  9.  Just  and  having  salvation. 
I  John  1 :  9.  He  is  just  to  forgive  sins.    Deut.  4:  24.  A  jealous  God. 

4.  Truth  and  Faithfulness,  in  Fulfilling  His  Promises  to 
Redeemed  Believing  Men.  Deut.  7,2 :  4.  A  God  of  truth  is  He.  Jer. 
10:  10.  \1II.  445.  I's.  146:6.  The  Lord  keepeth  truth.  Ps.  31  :  5.  O 
Lord  God  of  Truth.  Ps.  89:  14.  Plenteous  in  mercy  and  truth.  Ps. 
25:  10.  Paths  of  the  Lord  are  mercy  and  truth.  Ps.  100:  5.  His  truth 
endureth  to  all.  V.  169.  Ps.  117:2.  V.  2yy.  Isa.  25:  i.  Isa.  65:  16. 
VIII.  378.  Ps.  89:2.  Thy  faithfulness  is  established  in  the  heavens. 
V.  96.  Ps.  12:2.  IV.  127.  Deut.  7:9.  The  Faithful  God  that  keepeth 
covenant  and  mercy.  Deut.  32:4.  II.  725.  Ps.  36:5.  Heb.  10:23. 
He  is  faithful  that  promised.  2  Tim.  2:  13.  Jllns.  i  Kings  8:56.  I 
Thes.  5:24.  Faithful  is  He  that  calleth  you,  who  will  do  it.  i  Cor. 
1:9.  XI.  279.  2  Thes.  ^■.  T^.  The  Lord  is  faithful,  who  shall  stablish 
and  guard  you.     i  Cor.  10:  13.     i  John  1  : 9.     Ps.  119:89.  90.     V.  323. 

5.  Goodness,  in  His  Providential  Ministries  to  Good  and 
Evil  Men.  I's.  86:  5.  I  lum,  l.oivl.  art  good.  T'^.  31  :  19.  I  low  great 
is  Thy  goodness.  Ps.  ^2  '■  5-  Farth  is  full  of  the  goodness  of  the 
Lord.  Ps.  65:  II.  Crovvncst  the  year  with  Thy  goodness.  Ps.  68:  10. 
Prepared  of  Thy  goodness  for  poor.  Ps.  107:8.  Praise  the  Lord  for 
His  goodness,    (jen.  i  :  31.  God  saw  everything,  that  it  was  very  good. 


Works  of  God.  ii 

Ps.  103 :  5.  Satisfieth  with  good  things.  Ps.  23 :  6.  Surely  goodness 
and  mercy  will  follow.  IV.  186.  i  Tim.  6:17.  Giveth  us  richly  all 
things  to  enjoy.  James  i :  17.  Every  good  gift  from  Father.  Acts 
17:  25.  He  Himself  giveth  to  all  life  and  breath  and  all  things.  Matt. 
5 :  45.  He  maketh  sun  to  shine  on  evil  and  good,  and  sendeth  rain  on 
just  and  unjust. 

6.  Grace    to    Undeserving,    and    Mercy    to    Ill-deserving. 

Ex.  34:6.  Jehovah,  Jehovah  God,  merciful  and  gracious,  long-suffer- 
ing and  abundant  in  goodness  and  truth.  Ps.  86:  5,  15.  V.  81.  Ps.  57:10. 
Thy  mercy  is  great  unto  the  heavens.  Ps.  103:8,  11,  13,  17.  IV.  182- 
185.  Ps.  116:  5.  V.  265.  Ps.  143:  7.  V.  463.  Ps.  145:8,  9.  2  Chron. 
30:9.  Neh.  9:  17,  31.  Micah  7:  18,  19.  IX.  490.  Isa.  43:25.  VIIL 
227.  Isa.  63:  7,  9.  VIIL  367.  Hosea  i:  10.  IX.  338.  Hosea  11:4. 
IX.  368-370.  Isa.  30:  18.  Waits  to  be  gracious.  VIIL  152.  Eph.  2:4. 
Rich  in  mercy.  V.  7.  Exceeding  riches  of  His  Grace.  Reserve  of 
Mercy.  Jer.  4:27;  30:11.  VIIL  420.  Illus.  Jonah  4:4.  IX.  462. 
Manasseh.  VII.  378,  379. 

7.  All,  save  Holiness,  Summed  up  in  Love,  i  John  4:7,  8. 
Love  is  of  God,  God  is  love.  Jer.  31:3.  I  have  loved  thee  with  an 
everlasting  love.  VIIL  539-541.  Hosea  11:4.  IX.  368.  John  15:9. 
As  the  Father  hath  loved  me,  so  have  I  loved  you.  Isa.  49:  15.  VIIL 
260,  121,  294,  5.  John  3 :  16.  God  so  loved  the  world,  i  John  3:1; 
4:  10,  16.  Rom.  5:8.  2  Cor.  13:  11.  The  God  of  love  shall  be  with 
you.  Deut.  7:  8.  The  Lord  loveth  you.  Zeph.  3:  17.  Will  rest  in  His 
love.  IX,  534. 

Holiness  and  Love  comprise  the  essence  of  His  Moral  Nature,  as  they 
constitute  the  vital  principles  which  underlie  and  sustain  the  Moral  Law 
by  which  His  Government  is  maintained.     See  B.  W.  Vol.  II.  pp.  202-216. 


WORKS  OF  GOD. 


I.  CREATION.  Worlds,  Animated  Existences,  Men^ 
Angels.  Gen.  i :  2.  Spirit  of  God  moved  upon  the  face.  Ps.  104:  24, 
30.  Thou  sendest  forth  Thy  Spirit,  they  are  created.  Ps.  33  :  6.  By  the 
word  of  the  Lord  were  the  heavens  made,  by  the  breath  of  His  mouth. 
IV.  248.  Ps.  111:2.  V.  243.  Neh.  9:  6.  Thou  hast  made  the  heaven,  the 
earth,  and  all  things.    VII.  565.     Isa.  44:24.  VIIL  203.     Isa.  42:5- 


12  Works  of  God — Creation. 

Created  the  heavens,  spread  forth  the  earth  and  that  which  cometh  out 
of  it,  giveth  hreath  to  the  people  upon  it.  Acts  17:25.  Giveth  to  all 
life  and  breath  and  all  things.  Isa.  45:  12.  I  have  made  the  earth  and 
created  man  upon  it.  V.  18.  Formed  the  ea'rth  to  be  inhabited.  Job 
9:6-10.  Shaketh  the  earth,  commandeth  the  sun,  sealeth  up  the  stars. 
VI.  61-63.  Amos  4:13.  Formeth  the  mountains,  createth  the  wind. 
Isa.  40:  12,  22-31.  Measured  the  waters  and  weighed  the  mountains. 
VIII.  209,  211.  Jer.  10:  12,  13.  VIII.  445.  Gen.  2:7.  The  Lord  God 
formed  man,  and  breathed  into  his  nostrils  the  breath  of  life,  and  man 
became  a  living  soul.  Job  33 :  4.  The  Spirit  of  God  hath  made  me. 
VI.  172.  Angels.  Heb.  1:5.  Text  of  Creative  Acts  and  Comment. 
Vol.  I.  85-138.  God  in  the  manifoldness  of  His  working,  in  the  heavens 
and  earth  and  in  the  world  of  Animal  Life,  shown  in  many  references 
of  Psalmist,  Teacher,  and  Prophet,  but  especially  in  the  Almighty's 
Address  to  Job,  chaps.  38-41.  VI.  190-218.  Chap.  38  a  poetic  parallel 
to  the  prose  of  Moses.  Also  in  Psalms  8  and  19:  1-6.  IV.  76-86,  146- 
152. 

We  subjoin  a  large  treatment  of  the 

Visible  Creation,  or  Heaven  and  Earth.   World  of  Nature. 

Three  impressive  facts  demand  thoughtful  consideration  at  the 
outset;  fads  which  form  tlic  basis  and  motive  of  all  Scriptural  state- 
ments concerning  the  visible  creation. 

1.  The  attractive  visions  and  objects  of  Nature,  all  things  grand 
and  beautiful  in  the  heavens  and  on  the  earth,  are  matched  by  corre- 
sponding spiritual  capacities  and  susceptibilities  in  man  to  apprehend 
and  rejoice  in  them.  The  same  Being  who  "  made  all  things  beauti- 
ful "  (Eccles.  3:  II.  VI.  456-458)  created  in  man  an  intense  sensitive- 
ness to  and  appreciative  delight  in  their  wondrous  and  varied  beauty. 
VI.  127. 

2.  The  descriptions  of  God's  working  in  heaven  and  earth,  so 
frequently  recurring  in  the  Poetical  and  Prophetical  pages  of  the  Old 
Testament,  incomparably  surpass  the  uninspired  literature  of  all  time 
in  every  element  of  sublimity,  elegance  and  force,  and  are  as  incom- 
parably adapted  to  the  highest  education  and  refinement  of  the  human 
spirit  if  studied  under  the  elevating  influence  of  the  All-Creative 
Spirit  of  God.     But 

3.  Higher  than  this  instructive  and  refining  office  is  the  ulterior 
end  of  God  Himself,  the  mastering  practical  aim  and  purpose  of  the 
manifold  references  to  His  own  working  which  He  has  caused  to  be 


World  of  Nature.  13 

intertwined  with  recitals,  entreaties  and  promises  of  Psalmists  and 
Prophets  throughout.  Everywhere  are  these  interwoven  as  a  ground- 
work of  argument,  a  motive  for  appeal,  to  men,  to  awaken  their 
thought  and  inspire  their  confidence  in  the  God  who  entreats  and 
promises  and  warns,  because  in  His  visible  works  are  clearly  and 
convincingly  shown  His  resistless  power.  His  marvelous  wisdom,  and 
His  amazing  goodness  to  His  every  creature.  This  argument  and 
appeal  for  confidence  is  twofold  in  form.  On  one  hand,  the  great 
visible  structures  of  earth  and  moon,  of  sun  and  stars,  with  their 
interconnecting  and  ceaseless  movements,  reveal  Might  and  Wisdom, 
unlimited  and  eternal.  Rom.  i  :  20.  Clearly  seen  through  the  things 
that  are  made.  His  everlasting  power  and  Divinity.  XI.  201.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  fixed  ordinances  of  day  and  night,  summer  and  winter, 
seed-time  and  harvest,  together  with  the  fertility  and  varied  products 
of  the  soil,  and  the  atmospheric  phenomena,  reveal  His  goodness  and 
bounty,  alike  unlimited  and  gracious. 

Testimonies,  in  a  comprehensive  way,  largely  figurative  in 
form,  to  the  wonder-working  God  in  His  processes  of  Creation  and 
Upholding;  showing  His  Creative  and  Sustaining  Energy  and  its 
beautiful  beneficent  product,  as  a  ground  of  personal  confidence  in 
Him.  Each  statement  is  definitely  connected  with  some  Divine  as- 
surance of  help  and  blessing.  Gen.  i :  i,  31.  God  created  the  heavens 
and  the  earth.  Everything  was  ve'ry  good.  I.  90,  1-159.  2  Kings  19: 
15.  VH.  366.  Neh.  9:6.  VH.  565,  6.  Ps.  65 :  6-13.  IV.  437-441.  Ps. 
89:11.    V.  97.    Ps.  115:15.    V.  262.    Ps.  121:2.    V.  365.    Ps.  124:8. 

V.  376.  Ps.  134:3.  V.  421.  Ps.  146:6.  V.  481.  Job  9:8-10.  VI.  61-63. 
Job  26:  7-14.  Illustrates  the  scientist's  assertion,  "  Whenever  the  Bible 
speaks  clearly  it  affords  a  valuable  clue  to  the  scientific  observer." 

VI.  141-143.  Job  38:  1-7,  31-38.  VI.  196-200,  204-208.  Isa.  40:  12,  22, 
28.  VIIL  209-212.  Isa.  42:5.  VIII.  221.  Isa.  44:24-28.  VIII.  233. 
Isa.  45:  12,  18.  VIIL  237,  8.  Isa.  48:  13.  VIIL  251.  Isa.  51 :  13.  VIIL 
270.     Jer.   10:11-13.  VIIL  445.     Jer.  23:24.  VIIL   511.     Jer.  27:5. 

VII.  430.  Jer.  s^:  19-25.  VIIL  556.  Jer.  51 :  15,  16.  Ps.  104:  24.  In 
wisdom  Thou  hast  made  them  all.  V.  199.  Ps.  136:5.  V.  427.  Ps. 
119:  90,  91.  It  abideth.  V.  324,  5.  Read  V.  203,  4,  364,  5.  Job  38.  A 
poetic  parallel  to  the  prose  of  Moses.  Ps.  19:1-6.  IV.  146-149.  Ps. 
104.  A  Hymn  of  Creation.  V.  190-205. 

Nature  and  Revelation.  The  Works  and  the  Word  proceed 
from  the  same  Author  and  Source,  and  so  must  harmonize  and  be  at 
one.  Yet  it  is  not  the  direct  and  essential  purpose  of  the  Word  to 
disclose  the  nature  and  the  method  of  the  Working,  but  simply  the 


14  Nature — Revelation,  Law. 

fact  and  the  Author.  Ilcb.  11:3.  By  faith  we  understand  that  the 
worlds  have  been  framed  by  the  Word  of  God,  so  that  what  is  seen 
hath  not  been  made  out  of  things  which  do  appear.  XI.  597.  Ps.  19: 
i-io.  The  heavens  declare  the  glory  of  God";  the  firmament  sheweth 
His  handiwork.  Day  unto  day  uttereth  speech,  and  night  unto  night 
sheweth  knowledge.  IV.  146-152,  158- 161. 

[The  study  of  Nature  is  one  of  the  best  comments  on  the  Great 
Book.  The  Bible  shows  us  the  unity  of  nature  in  the  plan  and  crea- 
tion of  God;  the  presence  of  one  pervasive  Spirit  of  force  and  life 
everywhere,  and  personal  because  it  is  the  fount  of  personality.  Bp. 
Good  sell.] 

Nature  and  Law.  Laws  of  Nature,  or  the  principles  of  orderly 
movement  and  progress  uniformly  operative  in  the  natural  world,  are 
simply  God's  Ways  of  Working  in  Nature.  They  are  not  self-opera- 
tive, nor  have  they  any  immanent  vital  force.  They  are  the  orderly 
methods  of  the  Divine  Agent  and  Designer,  acting  upon  and  withii. 
the  material  structures  He  has  planned  and  produced.  Without  His 
energy  directly  and  continuously  exercised,  nature  would  cease  to  be. 
Hence  there  can  be  no  such  entity  of  fact,  or  even  of  thought,  as  a 
natural  law  having  "  life  in  itself;"  much  less,  therefore,  has  "  natural 
law  "  any  place  or  function  in  the  "  spiritual  world."  Concisely  and 
■clearly.  Dr.  Bchrends  states  and  expands  this  point: 

"  The  living  God  works  in  and  through  nature,  and  apart  from 
Him  nature  would  neither  work  nor  be.  My  only  objection  to  the  for- 
mula. '  Natural  law  in  the  spiritual  realm,'  is  that  it  states  the  truth  in 
an  inverted  form.  It  puts  the  cart  before  the  hprse.  Law  has  its  fons 
ct  origo  in  the  spiritual  realm,  and  thence  it  issues  to  crystallize  and 
rule  in  the  domain  of  nature.  All  law  is  ethical  in  its  source  and  out- 
working. The  imiverse,  from  center  to  circumference,  from  star  dust 
to  souls,  in  all  the  provinces  and  ranges  of  being,  is  a  moral  empire. 
The  division  of  law  into  natural  and  moral,  with  its  subdivisions  into 
mechanical  and  vital  and  economic  and  political,  is  a  convenient  de- 
vice for  tabulation;  but  law  as  law  is  inherent  in  things  as  consti- 
tuted, and  is  only  another  name  for  that  rational  order  which  is  the 
precipitate  of  the  dynamic  reason  of  God.  So  Kepler  was  right  when 
he  described  the  astronomer  as  a  man  who  '  thinks  God's  thoughts 
after  him.'  This  is  the  endeavor  and  the  goal  of  all  science."  A.  J. 
F.  Bchrends. 

Nature,  or  the  Earth  and  Heavens,  as  Involved  in  Man's 
Moral  Career.  The  earth,  we  are  told,  was  changed  in  its  products 
.and  nicthods  of  production,  and,  wc  may  infer,  in  its  animal  creation, 


Nature — Man,  Christ.  15 

as  the  result  of  Man's  disobedience  and  sin.  Gen.  3:  17.  Cursed  is 
the  ground  for  thy  sake;  in  toil  shalt  thou  eat  of  it  all  the  days  of 
thy  life;  thorns  and  thistles  shall  it  bring  forth  to  thee;  in  the  sweat 
of  thy  face  shalt  thou  eat  bread,  until  thou  return  unto  the  ground. 
II.  192-194.  Rom.  8:  19-23.  For  the  earnest  expectation  of  the  creation 
waiteth  for  the  revealing  of  the  sons  of  God.  For  the  creation  was 
subjected  to  vanity,  not  of  its  own  will,  but  by  reason  of  Him  who 
subjected  it,  in  hope  that  the  creation  itself  also  shall  be  delivered 
from  the  bondage  of  corruption  into  the  liberty  of  the  glory  of  the 
children  of  God.  For  we  know  that  the  whole  creation  groaneth  and 
travaileth  in  pain  together  until  now.  [The  plain  implication  of  this 
passage  is  that  nature  is  a  sufferer  with  man  on  account  of  sin ;  that 
there  is  a  solidarity  between  man  and  the  outward  world,  both  in  his 
Fall  and  in  his  Redemption.  So  far  the  passage  is  an  echo  of  the 
statement  in  Genesis  that  the  earth  lies  under  a  curse  on  account  of 
human  sin.     Prof.  Orr.} 

Further  we  are  told:  2  Pet.  3:7,  10,  13.  The  heavens  that  now 
are,  and  the  earth,  have  been  stored  up  for  fire,  being  reserved  ao-ainst 
the  day  of  destruction  of  ungodly  men.  The  heavens  shall  pass  away 
with  a  great  noise,  and  the  earth  and  the  works  that  are  therein  shall 
be  burned  up.  But,  according  to  His  promise,  we  look  for  new 
heavens  and  new  earth,  wherein  dwelleth  righteousness.  Other  pas- 
sages of  similar  import,  Isa.  24:19;  65:17;  66:22  clearly  carry  a 
spiritual  import,  with  broad  reference  to  marked  epochs  in  the 
church's  history.  But  it  seems  impracticable  to  avoid  the  inference 
that  the  Future  of  the  Earth  and  Heavens  is  in  some  way  involved 
in  the  ultimate  destiny  of  tiie  Race  for  whom  the  Creator  of  all  worlds 
died  upon  the  earth.  We  know,  at  least,  that  the  instability  of  the 
solar  system  is  an  open  admission  of  scientific  men. 

And  this  leads  to  a  final  and  supreme  Point : 

The  Relation  of  Nature  to  Christ.  All  things  have  been 
created  through  Christ,  and  unto  Christ.  All  things  are  summed  up 
in  Christ,  as  their  source,  as  the  sole  principle  and  center  of  their 
unity,  and  as  the  Agent  and  Producer  of  their  final  and  abiding  con- 
summation. 

Col.  1 :  16,  17,  20.  For  in  Him  were  all  things  created,  in  the 
heavens  and  upon  the  earth,  things  visible,  and  things  invisible;  all 
things  have  been  created  through  Him,  and  unto  Him;  and  He  is 
before  all  things,  and  in  Him  all  things  consist.  Through  Him  to 
reconcile  all  things  unto  Himself.  Eph.  i  :  10.  To  sum  up  all  things 
in  Christ,  the  things  in  the  heavens,  and  the  things  upon  the  earth. 


i6  God  in  Providence. 

[It  is  none  other  than  the  Creator  and  Upholder  of  the  universe 
that  has  died  to  save  us.  All  nature  assumes  new  sig^nificance  now, 
as  instinct  with  the  same  love  and  care  that  led  our  Lord  to  endure 
the  Cross.     A.  H.  Strong.'] 


II.  GOD'S  WORK  IN  PROVIDENCE.  Gen.  i  :  29.  30;  q:.^. 
Ps.  136:25.  Giveth  food  to  all  flesh.  Ps.  147:  8.  g.  Ps.  104:  14.  15. 
27,  28.  Causest  grass  to  grow  for  cattle  and  herb  for  the  service  of 
man.  Ps.  145:  15,  16.  All  wait  on  Thee,  and  Thou  givest  them  meat 
in  due  season.  Thou  openest  Thine  hand,  and  satisfies!  the  desire  of 
every  living  thing.  Ps.  107.  A  Psalm  of  Providence.  Matt.  6:31-33. 
All  things  (needful)  shall  be  added.  Ps.  37:  5.  Commit  thy  way  unto 
the  Lord  and  He  shall  bring  it  to  pass.  IV.  275.  Prov.  3:  6.  He  shall 
direct  thy  paths.  Luke  12:  17.  Even  the  very  hairs  of  your  head  are 
all  numbered.  X.  238. 

We  subjoin  full  treatment  of  this  large  theme: 

Providence  is  one  of  Two  Elements  contained  in  the  compre- 
hensive term  Grace,  which  includes  Goodness  and  Mercy.  The 
Scriptural  Word  for  Providence  is  Goodness,  which  expresses  the 
kindly  and  beneficent  treatment  of  God.  toward  all  His  creatures 
rational  and  irrational,  in  upholding  and  disposing  of  them,  and  con- 
trolling all  events  which  affect  their  condition  and  destiny. 

Scripture  texts  and  passages  intimate  Three  Distinctions  in  the 
Method  of  God's  Providential  Dealing:  i.  With  reference  to  the  Ir- 
rational Animal  Creation.  2.  With  reference  to  all  men,  irrespective 
of  moral  character.  3.  With  reference  to  individual  believers,  and  the 
believing  body,  the  Church. 

1.  The   Providence   of   God   toward   Irrational    Creatures 

is  limited  to  Provision  adapted  to  each  class,  or  species,  and  bestowed 
in  accordance  with  the  instinct  imparted  to  each.  Gen.  i  :  29.  Fruits 
of  earth.  9:3.  Flesh  of  animals.  Job  38:41.  Provideth  for  the 
raven.  VI.  2X0.  Ps.  36:6.  Preservest  man  and  beast.  IV.  265.  Ps. 
104:  14,  28.  Grass  for  cattle,  herb  for  man.  V.  200.  Ps.  145:  15.  V. 
475,  6.    Ps.  147:  9.  Giveth  to  the  beast  his  food.  V.  488. 

2.  Providence  toward  Men,  the  Evil  and  the  Good. 
Above  texts:  Ps.  36:6  and  104:28;  145:  15.  Ps.  21  :  3.  Thou  comest 
to  meet  him  with  blessings  of  goodness.  IV.  167.     Ps.  65:9-11.    Pro- 


Providence — Men,  Believer,  Church.  17 

videst  corn,  etc.  IV.  438-441.  Ps.  107:4-31.  Series  of  deliverances 
from  peril.  Followed,  vs.  33-41,  by  instances  of  God's  goodness.  Con- 
cluded with  Call  to  oliserve  His  hand  in  all  events,  vs.  43.  Matt.  5 : 
45.  He  maketh  His  sun  to  rise  on  the  evil  and  the  good,  and  sendeth 
rain  on  the  just  and  the  unjust.  X.  154.  All  confirming  the  original 
pledges  to  Noah  of  the  perpetuity  of  day  and  night,  of  the  seasons 
and  a  fruitful  earth,  and  the  charters  of  food  to  Adam  and  Noah. 
Paul  intimates  God's  purpose  in  His  Providential  dealings.  Rom.  2: 
4.  The  goodness  of  God  leadeth  thee  to  repentance,  or  change  of  mind 
and  life. 

3.  Special  Providence  of  God  to  the  Believer,  His  Child; 
and  to  the  Believing  Body,  His  Church.  This  is  affirmed  in  mani- 
fold texts  and  extended  passages,  especially  in  many  Psalms,  and  is 
largely  illustrated  in  the  Historical  Records  of  both  Testaments. 

To  the  Believer,  as  the  Child  of  God.  Ps.  97:10.  He  preserv- 
eth,  delivereth  His  saints.  V.  157.  Deut.  33:25.  As  thy  day,  thy 
strength.  II.  735.  Ps.  121 :  3-8.  The  Lord  is  thy  Keeper.  V.  363-368. 
Ps.  127:  I.  2.  Except  the  Lord  build — keep.  He  giveth  sleep  to  His 
beloved.  V.  386-388.  Ps.  3:5.  Slept — awaked,  the  Lord  sustained 
me.  IV.  56.  Ps.  4 :  8.  Thou,  Lord,  makest  me  dwell  in  safety.  IV.  62. 
Ps.  139:  10., V.  445.  Ps.  31  :  15,  19.  .My  times  in  Thy  hand.  Goodness 
laid  up  for  them  that  fear  and  trust  thee.  IV.  ^^-233.  Ps.  34:  10. 
That  seek  the  Lord  shall  not  want  any  good.  IV.  254.  Rom.  8 :  28. 
All  things  work  together  for  good  to  them  that  love  God.  XL  240. 
Ps.  73:23,24.  Thou  hast  holden  me.  Shalt  guide  me.  V.  10,  11.  Ps. 
■^y :  23,  24.  Steps  of  a  good  man  are  ordered  by  the  Lord.  IV.  280. 
Job  23:  10.  He  knoweth  the  way  that  I  take.  VI.  134.  Job.  31 :  4.  See 
my  ways  and  number  all  my  steps.  VI.  162.  Ps.  48:  14.  God  our  guide 
even  unto  death.  IV.  345.  6.  Ps.  37:5.  Commit  thy  way  unto  the 
Lord,  etc.  IV.  274,  5.  Prov.  3:6.  Acknowledge  Him.  V.  248-251. 
Prov.  16:3.  Commit  thy  works  unto  Jehovah.  VI.  337.  Ps.  32:8-10. 
IV.  243-245.  Ps.  68:19.  Ke  daily  beareth  our  burdens.  IV.  464. 
Matt.  6:25-34.  Seek  first  the  Kingdom,  and  all  these  things  (that  ye 
need)  shall  be  added.  X.  160,  162,  3,  197,  8.  Ps.  23.  Absolute  confi- 
dence in  God's  Providence  and  Mercy.  IV.  179-187.  Ps.  103:2-5. 
Grateful  review  of  Providential  goodness.  V.  180,  181.  Ps.  91.  As- 
sured Deliverance  from  all  perils.     V.  1 18-124. 

Providence  of  God  to  His  Church,  or  the  Body  of  Believ- 
ers in  all  Ages  disclosed  in  every  particular  of  Human  History  from 


1 8  Providence  Controlling  Nations  and  Men. 

the  Calling  of  Abraham  until  now.  To  His  chosen  People,  for  the 
establishment,  training,  increase  and  perpetuity  among  them  of  the 
(O.  T.)  Church.  To  this  end  He  ordered  the  marked  events  in  the 
career  of  Abraham,  of  Jacob  and  his  sons.  Ps.  105:  13-24.  His  Provi- 
dential care  of  the  "Church  in  the  Wilderness"  (Acts  7:38)  under 
Moses  is  intimated  by  many  gracious  declarations.  Ps.  "j-j :  20.  Thou 
leddest  Thy  people  by  the  hand  of  Moses.  V.  38.  E.\.  19:4.  What  I 
did  to  the  Egyptians  and  how  I  bare  you  on  eagle's  wings.  11.  123. 
Deut.  32:  II,  12.  11.  726.  Isa.  45:  1-6.  VUl.  236.  Isa.  63:9.  He  bare 
them  and  carried  them  all  the  days  of  old.  VUl.  366.  Ps.  105:  26-45. 
Ps.  106:7-33.  V.  212.  Ps.  68:  7-9.  IV.  457,  8.  Deut.  8:2.  11.  648. 
Thence  onward  through  the  periods  of  the  Judges  and  the  Kings,  oft- 
repeated  assertions  of  Psalmists  and  Prophets  assure  us  of  His  direct- 
ing overruling  Providence  in  the  interest  of  the  faithful  few.  The 
scope  of  their  testimony  includes  not  only  manifold  individual  experi- 
ences, but  all  the  history  of  the  many  nations  whose  careers  were 
involved  with  Israel's  life.  Only  a  few  personal  incidents  and  sum- 
marized statements  can  be  here  referred  to.  Ruth  2:2,  3.  Her  hap 
was  to  light  on  the  field  of  Boaz.  III.  199.  2  Kings  7:  3-20.  VH.  211, 
212.  Esther  2:  7.  Vll.  593.  6:  2.  VII.  600.  601,  614.  Ps.  93 :  i  ;  97:  i. 
V.  132,  155.  Ps.  106:41-46.  V.  214.  2  Kings  17:7-23.  VII.  256.  7. 
2  Chron.  36:  15-17.  Vll.  452-455-  Isa.  60:  22.  Vlll.  351,  2.  Vll.  19, 
495.  New  Testament  Records  and  all  Subsequent  History  only  con- 
tinue and  increase  the  testimony. 

Providence  Ordering  and  Determining  National  Pros- 
perity and  Existence.  Ps.  147:  14.  Maketh  peace  in  thy  borders, 
and  fillclh  thee  with  finest  of  wheat.  V.  489.  Ps.  22:28.  Governor 
among  nations.  IV.  177.  Ps.  33:  12.  Blessed  the  nation  whose  God 
is  the  Lord.  IV.  249.  Ps.  147:20.  Not  dealt  so  with  any  nation.  V. 
490.  Isa.  2:4.  Shall  judge  between  the  nations.  Vlll.  28.  Isa.  26: 
15.  Thou  hast  increased  the  nation.  Isa.  60:  12.  Nation  that  will  not 
serve  Thee  shall  perish.  VIII.  348.  Jer.  12:7-17.  Vlll.  454.  Jer. 
18:  7-10.  Vlll.  489-491. 

Providence  Shaping  and  Determining  Human  Life  and 
Destiny.  God  in  History.  VII.  19.  211,  213.  Isa.  63:4.  VIII.  365. 
IX.  237,  253.  Dan.  4:  35.  Docth  His  will  among  the  inhabitants  of 
earth.  IX.  253.  Ps.  75:  7.  Puttcth  down  one  and  liftcth  up  another. 
V.  27.  Prov.  16:  33.  Disposing  (of  lot)  is  of  the  Lord.  VI.  344.  Jer. 
18:  1-6.  Potter  and  clay.  VIII.  488,  9.  Jer.  10:23.  Not  in  man  to 
direct  his  steps.  VIII.  446.  III.  435-     God's  sovereign  working  and 


Providential  Limitations.  19 

man's  unconstrained  working.  VII.  154,  last  note.  Ps.  31 :  15.  My 
times  in  Thy  hand.  IV.  231.  Illus.  Gen.  45:  5.  I.  525.  Gen.  50:20. 
I.  557.    God's  plans  interwoven  with  man's.    VII.  426. 

Providence  and  Mystery.  Ps.  77:  19.  Thy  way  in  the  sea.  V. 
37,  38.  Ps.  97:  2.  Clouds  and  darkness  about  Him.  V.  155,  6.  Isa.  45: 
15.  Thou  .  .  .  Hidest  Thyself,  a  Saviour.  VIII.  237.  Jer.  12:1-4. 
VIII.  452.    Lam.  3:38.  VIII.  613. 

Rule  of  Providential  Distribution,  Day  by  Day.  Ex.  16: 
4,  16-19.  Gather  a  day's  portion  every  day.  They  gathered  every  man 
according  to  his  eating.  II.  69,  73,  74.  Ps.  104:28.  That  thou  givest 
them  they  gather.  Matt.  6:11,  25-34.  Give  us  this  day  our  daily 
bread.    Be  not  anxious  for  the  morrow.  X.  158,  160,  162,  163. 

Note. — No  distinction  of  Special  Providence,  as  between  one  recipient 
of  bounty  and  another,  for  God  is  never  partial  or  arbitrary  in  His  giving, 
in  Providence  or  in  Grace.  All  His  Providential  bestowments  are  general, 
and  all  are  special.  God  has  no  favorites  save  those  that  obey  and  love  and 
serve  Him ;  and  all  these  share  His  favor  alike,  with  results  that  accord 
with  the  degree  and  fruit  of  their  obedience  and  service. 

Providential  Opportunities,  also,  Day  by  Day.    As  needed 

supplies  for  body  and  soul  are  received  one  by  one,  day  by  day,  so 
proffered  opportunities  for  using  the  good  received,  with  profit  to  our- 
selves and  advantage  to  others,  are  possessed  and  exhausted  one  by 
one,  with  the  passing  hour  and  moment.  This,  too,  is  a  vital  sugges- 
tion, of  immense  practical  concern,  belonging  to  this  wide-reaching 
theme,  the  Providence  of  God. 


Divinely  Established  Limitations  to  Divine  Working  in 

Providence. 

God's  Working  in  Providence  must  always  be  in  harmony 
with  His  Methods  of  Working  in  Nature,  i.e.,  in  accordance 
with  His  Established  Natural  Laws.  God  will  not  interfere  to 
protect  or  deliver  any  one  from  the  hurtful  effect  of  the  infraction 
of  Natural  Law,  though  it  be  done  ignorantly  and  without  wrong 
purpose.  Such  interposition  could  only  be  through  the  temporary 
setting  aside  of  the  infringed  laws,  i.e.,  by  miracle.  Yet  it  is  at  this 
point  that  so  many  sufferers  or  their  friends  question  or  deny  the 
goodness  of  God  in  reference  to  particular  Providential  events.     The 


20  Work  of  Redemption. 

simplest  consideration  shows  the  baselessness  of  this  unjust  implica- 
tion and  charge.  The  taking  of  disease  by  exposure  to  its  germs,  or 
by  heedless  disregard  of  the  laws  of  health,- or  the  careless  unwitting 
encounter  with  any  of  a  thousand  sources  of  bodily  peril  must  lead 
to  sickness,  hurt  and  even  death.  But  in  the  prevention  of  these 
and  kindred  results  it  is  plain  that  God  cannot  intervene,  save  by 
miraculous  energy.  And  this  involves  an  utter  overturning  of  the 
established  order. 

God's  Providence  finds  further  Limitation  in  the  Divinely 
ordered  Independence  of  Man's  own  will.  By  God's  directly  ap- 
pointed and  authorized  free-will,  the  responsibility  is  placed  upon 
man  for  all  forms  and  results  of  his  acting,  alike  in  his  dealings  with 
outward  affairs  and  with  his  moral  obligations.  ?Ie  cannot,  there- 
fore, rightly  charge  the  effects  of  his  own  improvidence  to  the  Provi- 
dence of  God,  nor  can  he  attribute  the  consequences  of  his  wilful 
wrongdoing  to  either  the  Providence  or  the  original  purpose  of  God. 
Apart  from  these  Divinely  established  limitations,  through  God's 
own  creation  and  appointment  of  second  causes  in  nature  and  in 
man's  independent  will,  His  Providence  absolutely  directs  and  con- 
trols all  particular  events  to  the  production  of  all  actual  issues  of 
smaller  or  greater  moment,  alike  affecting  individuals  and  nations. 
Thus,  and  thus  alone.  History,  personal  and  national,  is  and  ever  has 
been  wrought  upon  the  earth. 

Providence  and  Prayer.  See  IV.  447,  448.  The  above  considera- 
tions equally  apply  to  Providential  answers  to  prayer. 

Great  Movements  in  Providence  interpreted  by  and  reveal  the 
Progress  of  the  Kingdom  of  God.     See  Top.  An.  p.  262. 

God's  Work  in  Creation  and  Providence  a  preparation 
for  His  Greater  Work  in 

III.  MAN'S    REDEMPTION. 

This  Central  and  Essential  Theme  of  Revelation  is  fully  unfolded 
in  the  following  pages.  We  note  here  only  brief  general  statements 
of  Old  and  New  Testament.  Isa.  41 :  i.  Thy  Redeemer,  the  Holy 
One  of  Israel.  Isa.  47:4.  Thy  Redeemer,  the  Lord  of  Hosts.  Isa. 
49:26.  I.  the  Lord,  am  thy  Redeemer.  Ps.  31:5.  Thou  hast  re- 
deemed me,  O  Lord  God.  Rom.  3:24.  Justified  through  redemption 
in  Christ  Jesus,     i   Pet.   i  :  18.  Redeemed  with  precious  blood,  even 


God's  Sole  Sovereignty.  21 

the  blood  of  Christ,  i  Cor.  i :  30.  Christ  is  made  to  us  redemption. 
Heb.  9:  12.  Obtained  eternal  redemption  for  us.  Summarized  in  the 
Baptist's  announcement :  John  i  :  29.  Behold  the  Lamb  of  God,  who 
taketh  away  the  sin  of  the  world ! 


Because  He  is  the  Only,  Living,  Eternal  God,  Infinite  in  wisdom 
and  might,  in  resource  and  reach,  because  He  is  Holy  and  Just, 
Loving  and  Good,  Merciful  and  Gracious,  and  because  He  is  Creator, 
Upholder  and  Redeemer,  He  holds 

Sovereignty,  Sole,  Supreme,  and  Universal,  in  heaven 
and  earth,  over  all  worlds  and  beings,  through  all 
duration. 

Dan.  4 :  3,  35.  His  kingdom  is  an  everlasting  kingdom,  and  His 
dominion  is  from  generation  to  generation.  He  doeth  according  to 
His  will  in  the  army  of  heaven  and  among  the  inhabitants  of  the 
earth.  IX.  252,  253.  Ps.  10:  16.  Jehovah  is  King  forever.  Ps.  103: 
19.  His  kingdom  ruleth  over  all.  V.  186.  Jer.  10:  10.  Ps.  93:  i,  2. 
The  Lord  reigneth.  V.  131,  132.  Ps.  97:2.  V.  155,  6.  Ps.  75:7. 
V.  27.  Ps.  y6:  10.  V.  30,  31.  i  Tim.  i  :  17.  The  King  eternal,  incor- 
ruptible, invisible,  the  only  God.  XI.  508.  i  Tim.  6:15,  16.  The 
blessed  and  only  Potentate,  the  King  of  kings,  and  Lord  of  lords.  Who 
only  hath   immortality,  dwelling  in  light  unapproachable. 

The  Glory  of  God.  "  Glory  is  the  outpouring  of  light.  The 
glory  of  God  is  the  outpouring  of  His  divine  attributes.  It  is  a  giv- 
ing, not  a  receiving."'  And  the  whole  Bible  shows  that  it  is  the 
forth-putting  of  His  Love  and  Mercy  toward  man,  it  is  the  giving 
of  Himself  for  man,  in  the  Person  and  Sacrifice  of  Christ,  which 
constitutes  His  highest  glory.  Ex.  33:  18,  19.  Show  me  Thy  Glory! 
II.  261,  262.  (Answered  by  Proclamation  of  His  Name.)  Ex.  34: 
6,  7.  Jehovah,  Jehovah,  a  God  full  of  compassion  and  gracious,  slow 
to  anger  and  plenteous  in  mercy  and  truth,  forgiving  iniquity  and 
transgression  and  sin ;  and  that  will  by  no  means  clear  the  guilty. 
II.  264-266.  Hence  the  Angels'  Song  at  the  Advent:  Luke  2:14. 
Glory  to  God  in  the  highest,  and  on  earth  peace  among  men  in  whom 
He  is  well  pleased.  This  glory  is  to  fill  the  earth.  Num.  14:  21.  Isa. 
6:3.  Hence  the  repeated  command:  Ps.  96:3.  Declare  His  glory 
among    the    heathen.     Ascriptions:    i    Chron.    29:11.  Thine    is    the 


2  2  God  Triune. 

power  and  the  glory.  Matt.  6:  13.  Thine  is  the  kingdom  and  the 
glory.  Ps.  72:19.  Rom.  11:36.  Gal.  1:5.  Eph.  3:21.  i  Tim.  i: 
17.  2  Tim.  4:  18.  Heb.  13:21.  i  Pet.  5:  11.  Jude  25.  Rev.  1:6; 
4:  11;  5:  12;  7:  12. 

Glorifying  God,  Man's  Work  on  Earth,  i  Cor.  6:20.  Glorify  God 
in  body  and  Spirit.  Matt.  5:  16.  Glorify  your  Father  in  heaven,  i 
Cor.  10:31.  Do  all  to  the  glory  of  God.  i  Pet.  4:11.  That  God  in 
all  things  may  be  glorified,  i  Pet.  2:  12.  Glorify  God  in  the  day  of 
visitation.  Isa.  24:  15.  Glorify  God  in  the  fires.  Ps.  50:  15.  Call  in 
trouble.  I  will  deliver,  and  thou  shalt  glorify  Me.  i  Sam.  2:30.  III. 
256.  John  15:8.  Herein  is  my  Father  glorified  that  ye  bear  much 
fruit.     I   Pet.  2:9.  Show  forth  praises.     2  Thes.   i:  12.  XI.  500. 

God  Proprietor  and  Disposer.  Hag.  2 :  8.  The  silver  is  Mine  and 
the  gold  is  Mine.  IX.  543.  Ezek.  18:4.  All  souls  are  Mine.  IX.  81. 
Isa.  64:8.  We  the  clay.  Thou  the  Potter.  Jer.  18:6.  VIII.  373.  488- 
491.  I  Sam.  2:  6.  Killeth  and  maketh  alive.  Ps.  68:  20.  To  the  Lord 
belong  the  issues  from  death.  Ps.  33:  11.  IV.  248,  9.  Isa.  45:  7.  20- 
25.  I  form  the  light.  I  make  peace  and  create  evil;  I,  the  Lord,  do  all 
these  things.  I  am  God,  and  there  is  none  else.  VIII.  239-241.  Isa. 
46:  10.  My  counsel  shall  stand,  and  I  will  do  all  My  pleasure.  VIII. 
244.  Jer.  10:23.  ^ot  ^^  rns"  ^^  direct  his  steps.  VIII.  446.  Ps.  94: 
I.  V.  135.  Illustrative  passages.  Gen.  24:50;  45:8.  "From  the 
Lord":  N^um.  16:35.  Pire.  i  Kings  2:33.  Peace.  Ps.  121:2.  Help. 
Ps.  24:5.  Blessing.  Prov.  16:1.  Answer  of  tongue.  Prov.  20:26. 
A  man's  judgment. 

End  (Final  Cause)  of  His  Universal,  Everlasting  Domin- 
ion: His  own  Glory  and  Blessedness  as  Reflected  in  the  Per- 
fected Character  and  Blessedness  of  all  pure  Spirits,  Angelic 
and  Redeemed.  Ezek.  36:  22.  1  do  this  for  Mine  holy  Name's  sake. 
IX.  155.  Isa.  43:7.  Created  for  My  glory.  (God  alone  the  cause 
and  reason,  motive  and  end  of  His  own  love  to  men,  and  all  its  fruits.) 


GOD  TRIUNE.  TRINITY  IN  UNITY.  THE  GOD- 
HEAD EXISTING  FROM  ETERNITY,  DISCLOSED 
IN   REDEMPTION. 

Old  Testament  intimations  of  Plurality  in  the  Godhead. 
Gen.  1:26.  Let  Us  make.  I.  122-128.  II.  202-204.  Ps.  45:6,  7.  IV. 
329,  330.     Isa.  6:3.  Holy,  Holy,  Holy.  VIII.  42,  43.     Isa.  9:6.  VIII. 


God  the  Father.  23 

61-69.  Zech.  2:11.  IX.  559.  See  V.  169.  See  Theophanies,  Top. 
An.  p.  517.  [We  could  know  nothing  positively  of  this  self-distinc- 
tion in  the  nature  of  God  save  as  He  Himself  discovers  it  to  us  in 
the  facts  of  His  self-revelation.  We  do  now  know  it  through  the  dis- 
covery of  Himself  as  Father,  Son  and  Spirit.     /.  OrrJ] 

New  Testament  Disclosures.  John  3:5,  6,  14,  t6.  Born  of 
the  Spirit.  Son  of  Man  lifted  up.  God  sent  His  Son.  Matt.  28:  19. 
Baptizing  in  the  name  of  the  Father  and  of  the  Son  and  of  the  Holy 
Ghost.  X.  583.  Essay.  X.  589.  2  Cor.  13 :  14.  The  grace  of  the 
Lord  Jesus  Christ  and  the  love  of  God  and  the  communion  of  the 
Holy  Ghost.  XI.  390.  Almost  innumerable  expressions  in  the  Gos- 
pels, Act5?,  Epistles  and  Revelation  plainly  distinguish  and  discrimi- 
nate each  of  the  Persons  of  the  Godhead,  noting  a  peculiar  relation 
subsisting  between  them  and  a  special  Office  and  Mission  of  each  in 
the  Divine  Work  of  Redemption.  A  few  texts  are  subjoined.  John 
14:15-17,  23.  Me;  the  Father;  the  Spirit:  My  Father;  We.  X.  483. 
Rom.  5:1,  5;  8:  1-3.  Eph.  2:  18.  Through  Christ  we  have  access  by 
one  Spirit  to  the  Father.  Eph.  3:  14-17.  i  Pet.  i  :  2.  Foreknowledge 
of  Father;  sanctification  of  Spirit,  blood  of  Jesus  Christ.  Gal.  4:6. 
God;  Spirit;  Son;  Father,  i  Cor.  8:6.  One  Father,  One  Lord  Jesus 
Christ.  There  is  one,  and  only  one,  God;  but  there  are  three  dis- 
tinctions in  the  Godhead,  which  are  disclosed  to  us,  chiefly  in  the  New 
Testament,  under  the  names  of  Father,  Son  and  Holy  Spirit.  We 
use  the  term  Persons,  though  not  strictly  proper,  for  lack  of  another 
of  equal  fitness. 

Fellowship  in  the  Godhead.  Gen.  i :  26.  Let  us  make  man  in 
our  image,  after  our  likeness.  Matt.  3 :  16.  This  is  my  beloved  Son, 
in  whom  I  am  well  pleased.  John  17:24.  Thou  lovedst  Me  before 
the  foundation  of  the  world.  John  8:  16.  I  am  not  alone,  but  I  and 
the  Father.  John  14:23.  We  will  come  and  make  our  abode  with 
him.  [Only  through  the  Trinitarian  distinction  are  we  brought  into 
communion  with  a  Being  who  has  within  Himself  a  life  of  com- 
munion.    /.  Orr.'] 

I 

God  the  Father.  ' 

Old  Testament  References.  Ps.  103:13.  Like  as  a  Father 
pitieth  his  children.  V.  183.  Isa.  i  :  2.  VIII.  19.  Isa.  63 :  16.  Thou 
art  our  Father.  VIII.  369.  Jer.  3 :  4.  My  Father,  Thou  art  the  guide 
of  my  youth.  VIII.  408.  Jer.  31:9.  I  am  a  Father  to  Israel.  VIII., 
542.     Mai.  1 :  6.  IX.  627. 


24  God  the  Son. 

Christ  the  Revealer  of  the  Fatherhood  and  of  the  Father. 
John  I  :  12-14,  iS.  Tlic  only  begotten  Son,  which  is  in  the  bosom  of 
the  Father,  He  hath  declared  Him.  X.  6^,  66.  John  5:23,  26.  X. 
130,  131.  John  14:6,  13.  No  one  comcth  unto  the  Father,  but  by  Me. 
X.  482.  Matt.  11:27.  No  one  knoweth  the  Son,  save  the  Father; 
neither  doth  any  know  the  Father  save  the  Son,  and  he  to  whomso- 
ever the  Son  willeth  to  reveal  Him.  X.  180. 

New  Testament  Epistles,  i  Cor.  8:6.  One  God,  the  Father. 
James  3:9.  Bless  we  God,  even  the  Father.  Rom.  15:6.  Father  of 
our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  2  Cor.  1:3;  11:31.  Eph.  1:3.  i  Pet.  1:3. 
Eph.  3:14.  Eph.  4:6.  James  1:17.  Father  of  lights.  James  3:9. 
Heb.  12:9.  Father  of  spirits.  Eph.  1:17.  Father  of  glory,  i  Pet. 
1:2.  Foreknowledge  of  God  the  Father.  Jude  i.  Sanctified  by  God 
the  Father. 


God  the  Son. 

Jesus  Christ  the  God-Man:  Son  of  God  and  Son  of  Man.  (See 
Person  of  Christ.  X.  591.)  Luke  1:35.  (The  angel  to  Mary:) 
The  holy  thing  which  is  to  be  born  shall  be  called  the  Son  of  God. 
Isa.  6:  1-5.  Mine  eyes  have  seen  the  Lord  of  Hosts.  VHT.  41.  John 
12:41.  Isaiah  saw  His  (Christ's)  glory  and  spake  of  Him.  Isa.  7: 
14.  Call  His  name  Immanuel,  God  with  us.  VIII.  50-54.  Matt.  1:23. 
Rom.  8:3.  Gal.  4:4.  Isa.  8:8.  O  Immanuel.  YIII.  57.  Isa.  9:6. 
His  name  shall  be  called  Wonderful,  Counselor,  Mighty  God.  VIII. 
61-69.  John  I  :  I.  In  the  beginning  the  Word  was  with  God  and  the 
Word  was  God.  X.  62,  v.  14.  Became  flesh  and  dwelt,  i  John  i :  2. 
I  Tim.  3:16.  God  manifest  in  flesh.  Rom.  9:5.  Who  is  over  all, 
God  blessed  forever.  Phil.  2:11.  i  Tim.  2:^.  God  our  Saviour. 
XI.  509.  Col.  i:  19;  2:9.  In  Wliom  dwelleth  all  the  fullness  of  the 
Godhead  bodily.  Zech.  13:7.  The  Man,  My  Fellow.  IX.  606-610. 
Micah  5:2.  Whose  goings  forth  are  from  everlasting.  IX.  479-481. 
Heb.  13:8.  Jesus  Christ,  the  same  yesterday,  to-day  and  forever,  i 
Tim.  6:  15,  16.  King  of  kings,  Who  only  hath  immortality,  to  Whom 
be  honor  and  power  eternal.  Heb.  I  :  2-13.  Thy  throne.  O  God,  is  for 
ever  and  ever.  Rev.  1:8,  17,  18;  22:13,  16.  Alpha  and  Omega. 
Which  is  and  was  and  is  to  come,  the  Almighty.  Titus  2:  13.  Our 
great  God  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  Son  of  Man.  John  1:51.  X. 
78.  John  3:  13.  X.  89,  etc.  Also  compare  Ps.  78:  56  with  i  Cor. 
10:9.    2  Cor.  5:  19.    God  was  in  Christ. 


God  the  Son.  25 

Testimony  of  the  Father.  Matt.  3:16,  17.  Voice  from  heaven, 
This  is  My  beloved  Son.  X.  65.     Matt.  17:5.  X.  283.     2  Pet.  i:  17. 

Testimony  of  the  Baptist.  John  i  :  34.  I  have  seen  and  bear  witness 
that  this  is  the  Son  of  God.  Testimony  of  John.  John  i :  18.  The 
Son  Who  is  in  the  bosom'of  the  Father.  20:31.  BeHeve  that  Jesus 
is  the  Christ,  the  Son  of  God.  Testimony  of  Peter.  Matt.  16:  16. 
Thou  art  the  Christ,  the  Son  of  the  living  God.     2  Pet.  i :  16-18. 

Testimony  of  Christ  Himself.  Mark  14:61,  62.  I  am  the  Christ, 
the  Son  of  the  Blessed.  John  6:57.  The  Father  sent  Me,  and  I  live 
by  the  Father.  5:37;  12:49;  14:24.  i  John  4:14.  John  5:26. 
As  the  Father  hath  life  in  Himself  so  hath  He  given  to  the  Son  to 
have  life  in  Himself.  5 :  17.  The  Father  v^^orketh  and  I  work.  John 
10:  15.  As  the  Father  knoweth  Me  so  know  I  the  Father.  Luke  10: 
22.  John  16:15.  ^1'  things  the  Father  hath  are  Mine.  X.  129,  132. 
(Testimonies  to  Sonship.)  John  8:  16,  29.  I  am  not  alone,  but  I  and 
the  Father.  John  16:32.  I  am  not  alone,  because  the  Father  is  with 
Me.  John  10:  36.  The  Father  is  in  Me  and  I  in  Him.  14:  11.  I  am 
in  the  Father  and  the  Father  in  Me.  John  10:30.  I  and  My  Father 
are  One.  14:13.  The  Father  is  glorified  in  the  Son.  John  16:28. 
I  came  from  the  Father  and  go  to  the  Father.  X.  503.  John  17:5- 
Glory  I  had  with  Thee  before  the  world  was.  X.  507. 

Possessing  all  Power.  Jolin  1:3,  4.  All  things  were  made  by 
Him.  In  Him  was  life.  Rom.  11:36.  Of  Him  and  through  Him 
and  unto  Him  are  all  things.  Heb.  1:3.  Eph.  3:9.  Col.  i:  16,  17. 
All  things  created  through  Him  and  unto  Him,  and  by  Him  all 
things  subsist.  Heb.  2:10.  Matt.  28:18.  All  power  is  given  unto 
Me  in  heaven  and  earth.  Rom.  i  :  4.  Declared  the  Son  of  God  with 
power.     Proven  by  His  wonder-working  deeds. 

All  Knowledge  and  Wisdom.  Col.  2:3.  In  Whom  are  all  the 
treasures  of  wisdom  and  knowledge  hidden,  i  Cor.  i :  30.  Proven  by 
His  discernment  of  men  and  events  and  His  unfoldings  of  all  truth, 
of  duty  and  destiny. 

Honored  and  Worshiped.  John  5 :  23.  All  should  honor  the 
Son  even  as  they  honor  the  Father.  Acts  2:24.  XI.  15.  "Jehovah." 
Matt.  2:  II.  Wise  men  worshiped  Him.  Matt.  8:  2 ;  9  :  18;  15  :  25  ;  28: 
9,  17.  John  20:  28.  My  Lord  and  My  God.  Rom.  11  :  36.  To  Him  be 
glory  for  ever  and  ever.  In  heaven.  Heb.  i :  6.  Let  all  angels  wor- 
ship Him.     Rev.  5 :  6,  9-13 ;  7 :  9,  10 ;  14:1-3;  19 :  6,  7. 


26  God  the  Son 

Divine  Acts  for  Men,  Mark  i :  34.  Healed  the  sick  and  cast 
out  devils.  Matt.  11:5.  Restores  the  bl-ind.  deaf,  lame,  lepers,  and 
raises  the  dead.  Matt.  9:  6.  Forgive  sins.  John  14:  26;  15:  26;  16:  7. 
Matt.  3:11.  Acts  1:5.  Sends  and  baptizes  with  the  Holy  Ghost. 
John  20 :  22. 

Mediator  between  God  and  Man.      i  Tim.  2 :  5  XI.  509. 

Final  Judge.  John  5 :  22.  The  Father  had  committed  all  judg- 
ment to  the  Son.  V.  25.  Dead  hear  Son  of  God.  Rom.  14:  10.  All 
stand  before  the  judgment-seat  of  Christ.  2  Cor.  5:  10.  Matt.  25: 
31-46.  Allegory  of  the  Judgment  of  the  Son  of  Man. 

Eternal  King,  i  Tim.  1:17.  The  King  eternal,  the  only  God. 
Matt.  25  :  34.  The  King.  X.  462.  Luke  i :  33.  Of  His  Kingdom,  no 
end.  Rev.  11:  15,  17.  Fie  shall  reign  for  ever  and  ever.  Dan.  7:  13, 
14.  Given  Him  an  everlasting  dominion.  IX.  275-278.  Heb.  13:21. 
To  Whom  be  the  glory  for  ever  and  ever.  Read  VIII.  364,  365. 
"  The  Christ  of  Rationalism." 

[The  specious  theories  of  Schleiermacher,  Ritschl,  Rothe  and 
Lipsius  have  all  failed;  the  early  Unitarianism  of  Priestley  and  Chan- 
ning,  with  its  modified  divinity  of  Christ,  has  not  endured  the  tests 
of  time.  There  is  no  middle  ground  between  the  doctrine  of  very 
God  and  very  man  on  the  one  hand  and  pure  humanitarianism.  J. 
Orr. 

Christ  is  the  image  of  the  invisible  God,  the  One  who  embodies 
and  perfectly  expresses  the  Divine  nature;  whose  relation  as  Son  ante- 
dates that  of  every  creation  (Col.  i :  18),  who  existed  before  the  uni- 
verse was  created  (Col.  i:  17).  Previous  to  His  Incarnation  He  ex- 
isted in  a  Divine  form  of  being,  which  He  surrendered  for  a  servant- 
form  (Phil.  2:6,  7),  thus  renouncing  for  the  time  His  equal  dignity 
with  God.  In  return  for  the  Redeemer's  free  giving  of  Himself  to 
humiliation  and  death,  God  has  elevated  Him  to  the  Mediatorial 
throne  and  conferred  upon  Him  a  name  above  all  others  (Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  v.  11)  that  all  creatures  should  acknowledge  His  sovereign 
authority  (Phil.  2:9-11).  Elsewhere  described  as  a  sitting  at  the 
right  hand  of  God  (Col.  3:1;  Eph.  1:20-22).  There  in  the  regions 
of  heavenly  glory  and  power  (heaven)  elevated  to  supreme  headship 
over  the  King  of  Redemption  and  with  sovereign  authority  over  all 
terrestrial  powers.     He  will   fulfill  his  "  ministry  of  reconciliation  " 


God  the  Spirit.  27 

until  the  purposes  of  God's  redeeming  love  to  man  shall  be  accom- 
plished.    G.  B.  Stevens.'] 


God  the  Holy  Ghost.    His  Deity  Shown: 

By  Proofs  of  Trinity.       See  above,     p.  23. 

By  Names:  "  Spirit  of  God."  i  Pet.  4:  14.  i  Cor.  3:  16.  Rom. 
8:9.  Eph.  4:30.  "Spirit  of  Christ."  Rom.  8:9.  i  Pet.  i:ii,  12. 
Phil.  1:19.  "Holy  Spirit,"  "Holy  Ghost."  i  Thes.  4:8.  Given  us 
His  Holy  Spirit,  i  John  3:24;  4:13.  "Eternal  Spirit."  Heb.  9:14. 
"Spirit  of'Truth."  John  14:17;  15:26;  16:13. 

By  Direct  Assertion,:  Eph.  4:4.  There  is  one  Spirit,  i  Cor.  12: 
II.  Worketh  one  Spirit.     Eph.  2:  18.  Access  by  one  Spirit. 

By  Christ's  full  conclusive  testimony.  John  14:  16,  17,  20;  15:26;. 
16:7-14. 

By  attribution  of  Divine  Power:  In  Creation.  Gen.  i  :  2.  Spirit 
of  God  moved  upon  waters.  Job  33 : 4.  Spirit  of  God  hath  made  me. 
Job  27:3;  32:8.  VI.  170.  In  Regeneration.  John  6:63.  The  Spirit 
quickeneth.  John  3 :  5,  6,  8.  Titus  3 :  5.  In  SanctiUcation.  i  Cor. 
6:11.  Sanctified  by  the  Spirit  of  God.  Rom.  15:16.  i  Pet.  1:2. 
2  Thes.  2:13.  In  Inspired  Disclosure  of  Truth.  2  Pet.  1:21.  Holy 
men  spake  as  moved  by  Holy  Ghost.  2  Sam.  23 :  2.  Spirit  of  Jehovah 
spake  by  me.  HI.  495.  r  Thes.  i :  5.  Our  gospel  came  in  the  Holy 
Spirit.  In  supernatural  strength  and  help.  Eph.  3 :  16.  Strengthened 
by  the  Spirit.     Rom.  8  :  26. 

By  Demand  for  Divine  Honor  and  Obedience.  Implied  in  references 
to  "Grieving."  Eph.  4:30.  "Vexing."  Isa.  63:10.  "Quenching." 
I  Thes.  5:19.  "Resisting."  Acts  7:51.  "Doing  despite  to."  Heb. 
10:29.  "Blasphemy."  Mark  3:29.  Matt.  12:31.  X.  187.  Illus. 
Ananias.  Acts  5  :  3,  4. 

In  the  works  of  Creation  and  Providence,  the  equality  of  the  Son 
and  Spirit  with  the  Father  appears  to  be  absolute  and  perfect.  No 
intimation  is  suggested  of  any  subordination. 


28  Office  Work  of  Father — Son. 


OFFICE    WORK    OF    THE    TRINITY    IN    HUMAN 
REDEMPTION. 

I.  The  Father  Gives  and  Sends  the  Son.     Sends  the 
Spirit.    Read  I.  126.  7.    H.  B.  S. 

John  3:  16.  God  so  loved  that  He  gave  His  Son,  v.  17.  Sent  His 
Son  into  the  world.  Matt.  3:16,  17.  X.  65,  283.  Gal.  4:4.  When 
the  fullness  of  time  was  come,  God  sent  forth  His  Son  ...  to 
redeem.  Ps.  2:6,  7.  John  6:57.  Zcch.  13:7.  Awake,  O  Sword, 
against  the  Man,  My  Fellow.  IX.  606.  Gal.  4:  6.  God  hath  sent  forth 
the  Spirit  of  His  Son  into  your  hearts.  Luke  11 :  13.  Your  heavenly 
Father  gives  the  Holy  .Spirit  to  them  that  ask.  John  14:  16,  26.  The 
Father  shall  give  you.     i  John  4:9,  10,  14. 

Further,  the  Father  is  said  to  "  foreknow."  i  Pet.  i :  2.  To 
"Sanctify."  Jude  i.  To  give  "Peace,  faith  and  love."  Eph.  6:23. 
Indwelling.  John  14:23.     We  will  come. 


II.  The  Son,  Jesus   (Saviour)   the  Christ   (Messiah  or 
Anointed)  of  God. 

Sends  the  Spirit.  John  14:26;  15:26.     Luke  24:49.     Acts  2:33. 

His  Redemptive  Work  Epitomized :  Matt,  i :  21.  Call  His 
name  Jesus,  for  lie  shall  save  His  people.  Ps.  40:7.  I  come  to  do 
Thy  Will.  IV.  300.  John  i  :  29.  Behold  the  Lamb  of  God  that  taketh 
away  the  sin  of  the  world.  X.  73,  4.  Rev.  19:  10.  The  testimony  of 
Jesus  is  the  spirit  of  Prophecy.  XI.  766.  Job  19:24.  My  Redeemer 
liveth.  I  Tim.  i:  15.  Christ  Jesus  came  into  the  world  to  save  sin- 
ners. Luke  19:  ID.  The  Son  of  Man  is  come  to  seek  and  to  save 
that  which  was  lost,  i  Cor.  i :  30.  Christ  Jesus  of  God  is  made  unto 
us  wisdom  and  righteousness  and  sanctification  and  redemption.  XI. 
283.  Mark  10:45.  The  Son  of  Man  came  to  minister,  and  to  give 
His  life  a  ransom  for  many.  X.  394.  Acts  3:  26.  To  bless  every  one, 
in  turning  away  from  his  iniquities.  XL  30.  Isa.  61  :  1-3.  Anointed 
to  preach  good  tidings,  to  proclaim  liberty,  etc.  VIII.  353-356.  Luke 
4:  16-22.  X.  109,  no.  Isa.  42:  I,  6,  7;  49:  6,  9.  VIII.  257.  (Saviour 
nf  Gentiles  and  Jews.) 


Prophet — Priest — King.  29 

Foreshown  and  Declared  Before  Incarnation:  By  the  First 
Promise  at  the  Fall  (Gen.  3:  15  confirmed  i  John  3:8)  of  a  Personal 
Deliverer;  this  promise  made  more  definite  and  full  in  successive 
covenants  with  Abraham,  Jacob  and  David. 

Typically  by  the  Supreme  and  Vital  Offices  of  Prophet, 
Priest  and  King.    Sec  XI.  418.    F.  D.  H. 

Prophet:  Revealer  of  God  and  Teacher  of  Truth.  Deut.  18:  15-19- 
A  Prophet  like  unto  me.  II.  66y.  Isa.  48:  17.  VIII.  252.  Acts  S'^3- 
I  Cor.  I  :  30.  Christ  the  wisdom  of  God.  Matt.  11 :  27.  No  man  know- 
eth  the  Father,  save  he  to  whomsoever  the  Son  will  reveal  Him. 
Luke  10:  22..  Heb.  1:1.  Speaks  to  us  in  the  Son.  XI.  560.  (His 
authority  asserted  and  recognized,  "I  say  unto  you."  X.  118.)  John 
6:  63.  The  words  I  speak  are  life.  (Germs  and  principles  of  all  New 
Testament  doctrine  contained  in  the  words  of  Christ.  X.  507.  John 
16:  13,  14.)     Also  X.  588. 

Priest:  Mediator  and  Sacrifice,  Himself  both  Offerer  and  Offering; 
also  Intercessor  and  Surety.  Ps.  110:4.  Heb.  5:10.  Called  of  God 
an  High  Priest  after  the  order  of  Melchizedek.  Heb.  4:  15;  7:  24,  25. 
I  Tim.  2:5.  One  Mediator,  the  Man  Christ  Jesus.  Fleb.  8:6,  8; 
9:  15;  10:  16,  17,  24.  Mediator  of  a  new  covenant,  etc.  XI.  585-593. 
Heb.  2:  17.  A  merciful  and  faithful  High  Priest,  to  make  propitiation 
for  the  sins  of  the  people.  XI.  562,  570.  Heb.  9:  12.  Through  His 
own  blood,  entering  in  once  for  all,  obtained  eternal  redemption. 
Heb.  9 :  24.  Heb.  7 :  25.  Ever  liveth  to  make  intercession  for  them, 
that  come  unto  God  by  Him.  Rom.  8:  34.  Isa.  53:  12.  Made  inter- 
cession. Job.  9:33.  Daysman.  VI.  66.  (Priesthood  of  Christ.  XT. 
788-792,  also  V.  239.) 

[The  nature  which  had  sinned  was  the  nature  to  be  redeemed, 
and  it  could  be  redeemed  only  by  that  which  was  effected  in  the 
nature  which  had  sinned.  Divinity  alone  could  not  be  a  mediator ; 
humanity  alone  could  no^  bp.  The  nature  of  the  office,  implying  two 
parties,  supposes  of  necessity  a  svmpathv  with  both;  and  as  God  and 
man  are  the  parties,  none  but  the  God-man  can  possibly  be  the  medi- 
ator.    Hence  "  the  Word  became  flesh."    Erskine  Mason.l 

King;  Messiah,  or  Anointed  (of  God).  (David  the  kingly  type.) 
See  XI.  536.  T.  B.  Ps.  2 :  6.  I  set  My  King  upon  My  holy  hill. 
Ps.  2:12.  His  Anointed.  Matt.  22:43-45.  Ezek.  37:24.  My  ser- 
vant David  shall  be  King.  IX.  166.  Micah :  2:13.  Breaker.  King. 
IX.   473.     Ezek.   21:27.     Zech.   9:9,    12.    Behold,    thy    King   cometb 


30  Office  Work  of  Christ. 

to  thee.  IX.  589-591.  Matt  21:5.  John  12:15.  Ps.  89:18.  Holy 
One  of  Israel  is  our  King.  Ps.  24:  10.  The  Lord  of  Hosts,  He  is  the 
King.  Ps.  45.  IV.  326-332.  Ps.  y2.  478-486.  Jer.  46:18;  48:15. 
Ps.  5:2;  84:3.  My  King  and  my  God.  Ps.  47:7.  God  is  King. 
Rom.  14:9.  Lord  both  of  dead  and  living.  XL  268.  i  Tim.  6:15. 
Rev.    II  :  15.  XI.   753;    17:  14. 

Christ  affirms  His  Kingship.  Matt.  25:34.  The  King  shall  say. 
John  18:37.  I  am  a  King,  Kingdom  not  of  this  world.  X.  529.  See 
XL  586. 

Old  Testament  References  to  Messiah.  Jacob's  Blessing.  I.  548- 
550.  Star  and  Scepter  Prophecy.  II.  602.  Named  first  by  Hannah. 
I  Sam.  2:  10.  HI.  251.  Cov.  with  David.  2  Sam.  7:  12-16.  III.  387- 
392.  Predicted  by  David.  2  Sam.  23:  3,  4.  HI.  496.  In  Isaiah:  7:  14. 
A  Son,  Immanucl.  VIII.  50-54.  9:6,  7.  Name,  Wonderful.  VIII. 
61-69.  11:  1-9-  Rod,  Stem  of  Jesse.  VIII.  77-80.  32:2.  Man,  hiding 
places.  \TII.  155.  42:1-7.  Qualification  for  Mission.  VIII.  218.  48: 
16.  Author  of  Prophecy.  VIII.  251.  50:6.  Back  to  smiters.  VIII. 
264.  52:  13-53.  Suffering.  VIII.  276-291.  61 :  i  :  3.  Preacher,  Healer, 
Deliverer  and  Comforter.  VIII.  353-356.  63:  1-6.  Victor.  VIII.  363- 
366.  In  Jeremiah:  33:  15-18.  VIII.  555,  6.  In  Ezekiel:  34:23.  IX. 
150.  In  Daniel:  7:  13,  14.  IX.  277-281.  In  Micah:  5:2-5.  IX.  479- 
481.  In  Haggai:  IX.  547.  In  Zechariah:  2:  10.  11.  IX.  558.  6:11- 
13.  IX.  576-578.  11:  12.  IX.  598.  12:10.  IX.  604.  13:7.  IX.  606, 
610-612.  In  Malachi:  3:  i.  IX.  636,  7.  4:2.  IX.  649,  50,  53,  54.  In 
Psalms:  Above.  Also  Ps.  22-40,  etc.  Also,  see  I.  184-191,  251,  294, 
545- 

Christ  affirms  Himself  the  Messiah.  John  4:  26.  X.  95.  Luke  4: 
21.  X.  109.  Mark  14:61,  62.  X.  525.  Quotes  Ps.  no  in  proof.  X. 
433.  See  also  Dan.  9:24-26.  IX.  299-303.  And  Dan.  7:  13,  14.  IX. 
275-280.     Read  further.     Essays  X.  592,  594,  607. 

Kingly  and  Priestly  Dignify  predicted.  Ps.  no.  V.  231-242. 
Zech.  6:  13.  Priest  on  His  throne.  IX.  577.     Heb.  10:  12. 

The  Offices  of  Prophet,  Priest  and  King  combined  in  the  words:  Re- 
deemer, O.  and  N.  T. ;  Saviour.  Redemption,  X.  T. ;  Salvation,  both  Old 
and  New  Testaments.  Isa.  44:22.  Zech.  10:8.  I  have  redeemed  thee. 
IX.  594.  Compare  i  Pet.  i:  18.  Rev.  5:9.  Isa.  41:  14;  43:  14.  The 
Lord  your  Redeemer,  the  Holy  One  of  Israel.  Isa.  49:26.  Isa.  43: 
3.  II.  Holy  One  of  Israel  thy  Saviour.  Beside  Me  no  Saviour.  Isa. 
59:  16.  His  own  arm  brought  salvation.  VIII.  342.  Isa.  63:5.  Zech. 
9:9.  King,  just,  and  having  salvation.     Ps.  3:8.     Ps.  27:  i.     Acts  4: 


How  Achieved.  31 

12;  5:31.     2  Tim.  2:  10.     I  Cor.  1:30.  Christ  is  made  to  us  redemp- 
tion.    Heb.  9:  12.  Obtain  eternal  redemption  for  us. 

Christ's  Official  Subordination  to  the  Father  in  Execut- 
ing the  Offices  of  Prophet,  Priest  and  King,  as  Mediator  and 
Redeemer.  This  is  intimated  by  such  expressions  as  "  I  came  not 
to  do  Mine  own  will  but  the  will  of  My  Father"  (John  5:30;  6: 
38).  "  Lo,  I  come  to  do  Thy  will  (Heb.  10:  9).  This  fact  furnishes 
a  sufficient  explanation  of  the  words,  "  My  Father  is  greater  than  I," 
and  I  Cor.  11:3;  Heb.  5:8,  etc.  But  a  single  statement  remains  as 
an  unsolved  difficulty.  In  Matt.  24:  36  and  Mark  13 :  32  we  read,  "  Of 
that  day  knoweth  no  one,  not  even  the  angels  of  heaven,  neither  the 
Son,  but  the  Father  only."  X.  458.  Christ's  meaning  may,  perhaps, 
be  qualified  by  His  last  words  to  His  disciples  at  His  ascension,  "  It 
is  not  for  you  to  know  the  times  and  seasons,  which  the  Father  hath 
set  within  (or,  appointed  by)  His  own  authority"  (Acts  1:7).  Still, 
the  statement  of  Matthew  and  Mark  remains  the  one  sole  intimation 
in  the  New  Testament  of  any  limitation  in  the  omniscient  knowledge 
of  the  Son,  even  in  His  Mediatorial  capacity.  Setting  over  aj^ainst 
this  unexplained  statement  such  declarations  as  "  In  Him  all  the 
treasures  of  wisdom  and  knowledge  hidden"  (Col.  2:3),  and  the 
abundant  proofs  of  His  Divine  discernment  of  the  hearts  of  men, 
and  especially  the  fact  that  in  direct  connection  with  this  inexpli- 
cable statement  appears  His  absolute  foreknowledge  of  the  very  events 
to  which  the  statement  refers,  the  essence  of  the  difficulty  is  certainly 
minimized  in  its  effect  upon  an  intelligent  and  justly  thinking  mind. 
And  there  we  may  be  content  to  leave  it. 

[Paul  teaches  a  certain  subordination  to  the  Father.  He  is  the 
executive  of  the  Father's  will,  the  Mediator  of  the  salvation  He  has 
resolved  upon.  He  resigns  His  authority  to  the  Father  (i  Cor.  15: 
28).  But  this  subordination  is  expressly  limited  to  His  work  in  Re- 
demption. It  is  the  Mediatorial  throne  which  He  resigns.  He  vacates 
it  because  His  work  is  "  finished,"  that  the  perfect  result  may  appear 
to  "  the  praise  of  the  Father,"  who  has  initiated  and  directed  it.  G. 
B.  Stevens.'] 

Achieved  through  His  Incarnation,  in  Earth  and  Heaven. 

Read  XI.  797,  8. 

By  His  Advent  as  God-Man.  X.  63,  Sec.  168,  p.  591.  "  Son  of 
Man."  X.  78,  89,  131.  Dan.  7:13.  Heb.  2:16,  17.  Rev.,  chaps,  i 
and   14.     Named  Immanuel,   God  with   us.  Isa.   7:15.     Isa.  9:6,   7. 


32 


Office  Work  of  Christ. 


VIII.  50-54,  61-69.  Xamed  Jesus,  Saviour.  Luke  2:  11.  Unto  you  is 
born  a  Saviour,  Christ  the  Lord.     Matt.,  i  :  21.  For  He  shall  save. 

By  His  sinless  life  and  perfect  example.  1  Pet.  2 :  22.  Did  no  sin, 
neither  was  guile  found  in  his  mouth.  2  Cor.  5:21.  Know  no  sin. 
Heb.  7:26.  John  8:46.  i  Pet.  2:21.  Left  us  an  example.  John 
13:  15.  I  have  given  you  an  example.     Rom.   15:3.     Phil.  2:5. 

By  His  Disclosures  of  God,  of  the  Law,  of  sin  and  salvation.  John 
3:7-16.     Matt.,  chaps.  5,  6.     John,  chaps.  5-10. 

By  His  Deeds  of  Help  and  blessing.  Summed  up,  Acts  10:33. 
He  went  about  doing  good. 

Pre-eminently  by  His  Suffering,  Humiliation  and  Death. 
Read  X.  514,  5.  H.  Phil.  2:7,  8.  Emptied  Himself,  taking  the  form 
of  a  servant ;  and  He  humbled  Himself,  becoming  obedient  even  unto 
death,  yea,  the  death  of  the  cross.  Isa.  53:4,  5,  6,   12.  Poured 

out  His  soul  unto  death.  Bare  the  sin  of  many.  VIII.  276-288.  Acts 
8:35.  Of   the   same   Scripture   preached  Jesus.  Dan.   9:24-26. 

Make  reconciliation  for  iniquity  and  bring  in  everlasting  righteous- 
ness. The  Anointed  One  (Messiah)  shall  be  cut  off.  IX.  299,  303. 
2  Cor.  5 :  18,  19.  God  was  in  Christ,  reconciling  the  world  unto  Him- 
self. Christ  foretells  His  death  (Matt.  20:  18,  19;  26:2),  and 
fully  interprets  its  meaning  and  purpose  from  the  O.  T.  Scriptures 
(Luke  24:  26,  27,  44-47).  For  His  previous  statements,  see  John  3: 
14,  15;  8:28;  12:32,  34.  Read  II.  575,  X.  90,  315,  396,  442.  Also 
see  Acts  3:18;  17:3;  26:22.  XI.  171.  r  Cor.  15:3.  Died  for 
our  sins,  according  to  the  Scriptures.  Rom.  5:6,  8;  14:9.  Zech. 
13:  I.  IX.  605.  I  Cor.  2:8.  I  Pet.  2:24.  Bare  our  sins  in  His 
body  on  the  tree.  Gal.  i  :  4.  Gave  Himself  for  our  sins  that  He  might 
deliver  us.  Heb.  9:26.  Manifested  to  put  away  sin  by  the 
sacrifice  of  Himself,  i  Pet.  3:  18.  That  He  might  bring  us  to  God. 
Rom.  5:10.  Reconciled  to  God  by  the  death  of  His  Son.  Col.  1: 
22.  Heb.  2:9.  By  the  grace  of  God  should  taste  death  for  every 
man.  2  John  2:2.  For  the  whole  world,  i  Tim.  2 :  6.  A  ransom 
for  all.  Titus  2:  14.  Gave  Himself  for  us,  to  redeem  from  all 
iniquity.  Gal.  2 :  20.  Loved  me  and  gave  Himself  for  mc.  Eph.  5 : 
2.  Loved  you  and  gave  Himself  an  offering  and  sacrifice  to  God. 
I  John  1  :  7.  The  blood  of  Jesus  Christ  clcanseth  us  from  all  sin. 
("This  is  the  vitalizing  element  of  the  Lcvitical  Ritual,  the  burden 
of  Prophecy,  the  teaching  of  Christ,  the  inspired  testimony  of  Hiii 
Apostles,  and  the  song  of  the  redeemed  in  heaven.")     Rev.  1  :  8.  Unto 


How  Achieved.  23 

Him  that  loveth  us  and  washed  us  from  our  sins  in  His  blood.  (For 
Illus.  see  HI.  373,  4.)  Heb.  10:  10,  14.  XI.  592.  See  also  IX.  605,  6. 
With  the  forgiveness  and  cleansing-  of  sin,  by  His  Death  we  re- 
ceive, through  His  Spirit,  Divine  Renewal,  Adoption  into  Childship, 
and  Heirship  of  all  things.  Rom.  8:  1-4,  14-17,  32-39.  And  the 
Divine  Indwelling,  insuring  present  guidance,  control,  help  and 
abiding  righteousness  and  peace.  I  Cor.  1:30.  John  14:  18,  21,  23. 
Eph.  3:17.     2  Cor.  5:21.     John  14:27.     Col.  1:27. 

By  His  Resurrection,  Abolishing  Death  and  Insuring  Life 
Immortal. 

Proofs  0/  Christ's  resurrection.  Rom.  14:9.  Both  died  and  rose 
again.  8:34.  Christ  died,  risen,  i  Cor.  15:4.  Rev.  i :  18.  I  am  the 
Living  One,  I  was  (became)  dead,  and  behold,  I  am  alive  for  ever- 
more. Rom.  14:9.  Christ  died,  rose  and  revived,  that  He  might  be 
Lord  of  the  dead  and  living.  XI.  263.  i  Cor.  15 :  5-7.  Witnesses  of 
His  resui^rection.  Acts  10:40.  Chief  theme  of  apostles  in  Acts  and 
epistles.  XI.  36.  Acts  2:  31 ;  4:  3,  10,  33;  5:30,  etc.  See  VIII.  289, 
290. 

Fruits  of  His  victory  over  death.  Heb.  2 :  14.  Through  death  de- 
stroy Him  that  had  the  power  of  death.  2  Tim.  i  :  10.  Who  hath 
abolished  death  and  brought  life  and  immortality  to  light.  Isa.  25 : 8. 
He  hath  swallowed  up  death  forever'.  VIII.  1 18-120.  i  Cor.  15:54, 
57.  Death  is  swallowed  up  in  victory  .  .  .  through  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ.  See  Hos.  13:14.  IX.  376.  John  11:25.  I  am  the 
Resurrection  and  the  Life.  John  14:  19.  Because  I  live,  ye  shall  live 
also.  I  Thes.  4:  14.  If  Jesus  died  and  rose  again,  even  so  them  that 
are  fallen  asleep  in  Jesus  will  God  bring  with  Him.  Rom.  4 :  25. 
Raised  for  our  justification. 

Other  definite  proofs: 

Predicted  by  Christ.  Luke  18:33.  They  shall  kill  Him,  and  the 
third  day  He  shall  rise  again.  X.  394.  Testimony  of  chief  priests 
and  Pharisees.  Mark  15:63.  That  deceiver  said.  After  three  days 
I  will  rise  again.  X.  556.  Asserted  by  the  Angel  at  the  sepulchre. 
Luke  24:6.  He  is  risen,  as  He  said.  X.  557.  Witnesses  of  His  sub- 
sequent appearances:  Mary  Magdalen  and  the  other  women.  John 
20:11-18.  Matt.  18:9,  10.  X.  562-566.  Simon  Peter.  Luke  24:34. 
Two  unnamed  disciples.  Luke  24:13-35.  X.  567-569.  The  Eleven 
Apostles,  twice.  Luke  24 :  36-43.  John  20 :  26-29.  X.  570-574.  Seven 
Apostles  at  the  Sea  of  Tiberias.  John  21 :  1-24.  X.  575-579.  The 
Eleven  with  five  hundred  brethren  in  Galilee,  i  Cor.  15:6.  X.  581. 
3 


34  Office  Work  of  Christ. 

The  Eleven  in  Jerusalem.  Acts  i :  3-8.  Luke  24 :  44-49.  X.  580-582. 
Note  His  own  testimony.  Luke  24.  vs.  44-48.  Immediately  following, 
His  Ascension  at  Bethany.  X.  584,  5.  Add  the  great  declaration: 
Rev.  1 :  18.  I  am  He  that  liveth  and  was  dead.  His  Resurrection  the 
prominent  theme  of  Apostolic  Preaching.  Peter's  first  sermon  at 
Pentecost.  Acts  2:31,  32.  XT.  21,  22.  Thence  onward,  preached  by 
P»ter,  Philip  and  Paul.  Acts  4:3.  10,  33.  XL  36.  Acts  5:30.  XL 
119.  Act?  17:3.  31.  XL  127.  Acts  26:  22.  XL  171.  Resurrection 
with  the  death,  the  vital  theme  of  the  Epistles  and  Revelation.  For 
further  i)oints  see  Top.  An.,  pp.  451-455.     Also  read  VHL  289. 

By  His  Ascension.  Luke  24:50,  51.  Acts  1:9.  XL  11.  Ps. 
24:7-10.  IV.  192.  Ps.  47:5.  IV.  339.  Ascension  Gifts.  Ps.  68:17, 
18.  IV.  461-464.     Eph.  4:8. 

By  His  Abiding  Intercession.  Heb.  7:25.  Ever  liveth  to 
make  intercession  for  them  that  come  unto  God  by  Him.  XL  580. 

By  His  Second  Coming  for  Judgment  and  Eternal  Con- 
summation of  the  Divine  Redemptive  Scheme.  i  Thes.  4:  16. 
Lord  shall  descend.  XL  493.  i  Chron.  16:33.  Cometh  to  judge  the 
earth.  Ps.  96:  13.  14,  98:9.  Acts  i:  11.  XL  12,  640.  713.  Jnde  14. 
Rev.  1:7.  John  5:22.  All  judgment  to  the  Son.  Rom.  14:  10.  All 
stand  before  the  judgment-seat  of  Christ.  2  Cor.  5:  10.  2  Tim.  4:  i. 
Who  shall  judge  the  quick  and  the  dead  at  His  appearing  and  king- 
dom. XL  540.  Matt.  25:31-46.  X.  460.  Heb.  9:28.  Will  appear  a 
second  time,  apart  from  sin,  unto  salvation.  XL  590.  Phil.  3:20.  We 
wait.  Titus  2:13.  Lookin"-  for  the  blessed  hope  and  appearing  of 
our  great  God  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  XL  548.  2  Pet.  3:  XL  677, 
9.     Rev.  20:768.  9.     For  comment  see  Top.  An.,  p.  172. 

Figurative  Titles  and  Terms,  Further  Showing  the  Breadth 
and  Completeness  of  Christ's  Redemptive  Work. 

Branch.  Zech.  6:  12.  13.  The  man  whose  name  is  the  Branch, 
He  shall  build  up  the  temple  of  the  Lord,  bear  the  glory,  sit  and  rule 
on  His  throne,  and  shall  be  a  Priest  upon  His  Throne.  IX.  577-579. 
Isa.  4:2.  VIII.  32.  Isa.  it:  I.  VIII.  76.  Jer.  23:5-8.  VIII.  504. 
Jer.  33:14-26.  VIII.  555.     Zech.  3:8.  IX.  562. 

Lion  of  Juduh.  Rev.  5:5,  6.  Behold  the  Lion  of  the  tribe  of 
Judah,  and  I  beheld,  and  lo,  a  Lamb  as  it  had  been  slain.  XL  741. 

Paraclete  (Gr.)  Advocate,  Comforter,  Helper,  i  John  2:  i.  Ad- 
vocate with  the  Father,  Jesus  Christ.     Isa.  32 : 2.  A  man  shall  be  an 


Figurative  Titles.  35 

hiding-place,  covert,  as  water  in  a  dry  place,  the  shadow  of  a  great 
rock  in  a  weary  land.  VIII.  155.  Isa.  50:4.  To  sustain  him  that  is 
weary.  VIII.  26^.  Isa.  51:12.  He  that  comforteth  you.  Matt.  11: 
28.  I  will  give  you  rest.  John  14:  18.  I  will  not  leave  you  comfort- 
less. 

Arm  of  the  Lord.  Isa.  53 :  2.  VIII.  280.  Avenger  of  His  Re- 
deemed. Isa.  63:  1-6.  VIII.  363-366.  (His  judgments  in  the  interest 
of  Redemption.) 

Servant  of  Jehovah.  Isa.  42:  i.  VIII.  218-223.  Isa.  53:  11.  Jus- 
tify many.  VIII.  286. 

Corner-Stone.  Isa.  28:  16.  Precious,  of  sure  foundation.  VIII; 
140.     Ps.  1 18:  22.  V.  280.     Eph.  2:  220.  XI.  423.     I  Pet.  2:  6.  XI.  653. 

Shepherd.  Ezek.  34:23.  One  Shepherd  over  them,  even  my 
servant  David.  IX.  150.  Ezek.  37:24.  IX.  166.  Isa.  40:11.  Feed 
His  flock  like  a  Shepherd.  VIII.  209.  Micah  5:2,  4.  IX.  479.  Zech. 
13:7.  IX.  592.  Matt.  26:31.  X.  474.  John  10:11.  I  am  the  good 
Shepherd  and  lay  down  my  life  for  the  sheep.  X.  333-342. 

Master.  Matt.  23:8,  10.  One  is  your  Master,  Christ.  Col.  4:24. 
Ye  serve  the  Lord  Christ. 

Brother.  By  calling  disciples  His  brethren.  Matt.  12:49;  25: 
40;  28:10.     Luke  8:21.     John  20:17.     Heb.  2:11.  XI.  561. 

Burden-bearer  and  source  of  strength.  Ps.  68:  19.  Daily  beareth 
our  burdens.  IV.  464.  Ps.  84:5.  Strength  in  Thee.  V.  68.  Ps.  73: 
26.  Strength  of  my  heart.  V.  12,  13.  Phil.  4:  13.  Christ  strengthen- 
eth  me. 

Friend.  Prov.  18:24.  VI.  356,  7.  Isa.  41:8.  Abraham  my 
friend.  John  15:  14.  Ye  are  my  friends.  V.  15.  I  have  called  you 
friends. 

Peace.  Micah  5:5.  This  Man  our  peace.  IX.  481.  Eph.  2:  14, 
15.  Our  peace.  John  16:33.  I"  Me  ye  have  peace.  Col.  1:20.  XI. 
470. 

Light  of  the  World.  John  i  :  4.  The  light  of  men.  X.  62.  John 
1:9.  The  true  light  which  lighteth  every  man.  John  8:  12.  I  am  the 
Light  of  the  world.  X.  312.  John  12:46.  I  am  come  a  light  into  the 
world.  X.  444.  Isa.  49 :  6.  A  light  to  the  Gentiles,  my  salvation  to  the 
ends  of  the  earth.  Acts  13 :  47  Mai.  4 :  2.  Sun.  IX.  649,  653.  Rev. 
21 :  23.  The  Lamb  is  the  Light  thereof.  XI.  774.  i  John  i :  7.  XI. 
683. 


36  Office  Work  of  the 

Bread  of  Life.  John  6:  35,  51.  X.  251-256.  Living  Water.  John 
7:^7,  38-     Isa.  55:  I.     Rev.  21 :  6.  I  uill  give. 

JVay,  Truth,  Life.  John  14:6.  I  am  the  Way,  the  Truth,  the 
Life.  X.  481.  (Read  first  note,  v.  6,  on  "I  ams  "  of  Christ.)  Col. 
3:4.  Christ  our  Life.  XL  478. 

Resurrection  and  Life.  John  11:25.  X-  348.  John  14:19.  Be- 
cause I   live,  ye  shall  live  also,     i    Thes.   5:10.     John  5:28;    17:3. 

Read  summary,  Top.  An.,  p.  175. 


III.  OfRce-Work  of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  Man's  Redemption. 

Intimations  in  the  Old  Testament :  Gen.  6:3.  My  Spirit 
shall  not  strive  with  man  forever.  L  228-231.  Isa.  63:10.  Grieved 
His  Holy  Spirit.  VHL  368.  Hosea  4:17.  Let  him  alone.  9:12. 
Woe  when  I  depart.  IX.  348.  III.  200.  Ps.  51 :  11,  12.  Take  not  Thy 
lioly  Spirit  from  mc.  Uphold  me  with  Thy  Spirit.  IV.  Xum.  11 : 
29.  Would  God  that  the  Lord  would  put  His  Spirit  upon  all  His 
people.  II.  543.     Isa.  63:  11,  14. 

Workmen  and  Leaders  specially  appointed  and  qualified  for  ser- 
vice. Ex.  31:1,  2,  6;   35:36.  II.  284-286.  III.   179,  210,  230. 

Zech.  4:6.  N^ot  by  might  but  My  Spirit.  IX.  565.  Not  in  earth- 
quake, fire  or  tempest,  but  in  the  still  small  voice.  VII.  123.  Xch.  9: 
20,  30.  Gavest  Thy  good  Spirit  to  instruct  them.  Testifiedst  by  Thy 
Spirit.  VII.  566.  Cf.  2  Kings  6:17.  VII.  201.  Job  32:8.  vf.  170. 
Neh.  7:5.  My  God  put  into  my  heart. 

Promise  of  Full  Manifestation  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  Joel  2 :  28.  I  wilf 
pour  out  My  Spirit  upon  all  flesh.  IX.  397-399.  Isa.  44:  3.  VIII.  230. 
Isa.  32:  15.  VIII.  158.  Zech.  12:  10.  IX.  603.  Ezek.  36:27.  IX.  156. 
Fulfillment  of  Promise  Began  at  the  Pentecost.  Acts  2:  16-21. 

Teaching  of  Christ  and  New  Testament  Writers,  concern- 
ing the  Holy  Spirit's  Work.  Christ's  Words  (as  always)  con- 
taining the   Germs  and   Substance  of  all   Divine   Revelation. 

The  Holy  Ghost,  as  "  the  Spirit  of  Truth,"  Inspirer,  Instructor  and 
Guide,  Helper  and  Indweller. 

Inspires  all  ."Sacred  JVritini^s  and  IVriters.  2  Pet.  I  :  2i.  ^len 
spake  from  God,  being  moved  by  the  Holy  Ghost.  Mark  12:36. 
David    said    by    Holy    Ghost.     Acts    1 :  16.  The    Holy    Ghost    spake 


Holy  Spirit  in  Redemption.  37 

by  the  mouth  of  David.  Acts  28:25.  Spake  the  Holy  Ghost  by 
Isaiah,  i  Thes.  i :  5.  Gospel  came  in  the  Holy  Ghost.  2  Sam.  23 :  2. 
Spirit  spake  by  me.  III.  495,  XL  813. 

Inspires  thought,  zvord  and  deed  in  all  consecrated  workers,  i 
Cor.  12:7.  The  manifestation  of  the  Spirit  is  given  to  every  man  to 
profit  withal,  i  Cor.  2:11,  12.  We  have  received  the  Spirit  that  we 
might  know  the  things  given  us  of  God.  2  Cor.  3 :  17.  Where  the 
Spirit  of  the  Lord  is  there  is  liberty,  i  Thes.  4:8.  i  John  4:  13. 
God  hath  given  unto  us  His  Holy  Spirit.  Luke  11:13.  Heavenly 
Father  gives  the  Holy  Spirit.  Luke  12:  12.  Holy  Ghost  shall  teach 
you.  Mark  13:  11.  Not  ye  that  speak  but  the  Holy  Ghost.  X.  236, 
446.  Illus.  Acts  8:26-29.  Acts  13:4.  Acts  20:28.  (Inspiration 
claimed  for  a  body  of  believers.  Acts  15:28.)  Man  inspirable.  Job 
33:4.  VL  172. 

Guides  into  all  truth.  John  16:13.  He  will  guide  you  into  all 
truth.  John  14:26.  Shall  teach  you  all  things.  Job  34:32.  VI.  181. 
VII.  201. 

Christ's  Words  and  Work  the  Theme  of  the  Holy  Ghost's  teach- 
ing. John  14:26.  He  shall  bring  to  remembrance  all  that  I  said.  X. 
486.  15 :  26.  He  shall  testify  of  Me.  X.  494.  16:  14.  He  shall  glorify 
Me,  for  He  shall  take  of  Mine  and  declare  it  unto  you.  X.  500.  These 
words  of  Christ  taken  with  Luke,  11:13  (Father  gives  the  Holy 
Spirit)  clearly  intimate  an  official  subordination  of  the  Spirit  to  the 
Father  and  the  Son.  Like  that  of  the  Son  to  the  Father,  this  sub- 
ordination is  expressly  limited  to  His  Office-Work  in  Redemption. 

The  Holy  Ghost  Applies  and  Makes  Effective  Christ's 
Redeeming  Work.      See  XL  22. 

Calls  Men  to  Repentance  and  to  Christ.  Heb.  3  -.y.  Holy  Ghost  saith, 
To-day  if  ye  will  hear  His  voice,  harden  not  your  hearts.  Rev.  22: 
17.  The  Spr'rit  and  the  Bride  say.  Come. 

Convinces  of  sin,  of  righteousness,  and  of  judgment.  John  16:8-11. 
Of  sin,  because  they  believe  not  on  Me.  (This  the  supreme,  all- 
inclusive  sin.)     Read  X.  495-500. 

Regenerates,  Quickens  from  death  to  life.  John  3 :  5-8.  Except  a 
man  be  born  anew  ...  of  water  and  the  Spirit.  (Water,  sym- 
bol of  the  Spirit.  John  7:3s.  39.)  Titus  3:5.  Saved  us  though  the 
washing  of  regeneration  and  renewing  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  XL  550. 
Illus.     Ezek.  37:1-14.  IX.  164.     See  Ps.   119:40.  V.  304. 


38  Office  Work  of  the  Spirit. 

Seals  and  Testifies  to  our  Adoption  or  Childship.  Rom.  8:  14-16. 
Ye  have  received  the  Spirit  of  adoption,  whereby  we  crv.  Father. 
The  Spirit  Him.'^elf  beareth  witness  with  our  spirit,  that  we  are  chil- 
dren of  God:  and  if  children,  then  heirs.  Eph.  i  :  13.  14.  Sealed  with 
the  Holy  Spirit  of  promise,  which  is  an  earnest  of  our  inheritance. 

Sanctifies,  i.e.,  Renews,  Invigorates  and  Intensifies  Spiritual  Life. 
Rom.  15:  16.  Sanctified  by  the  Holy  Ghost,  i  Cor.  6:11.  Sanctified 
by  the  Spirit  of  God.  2  Thes.  2:  13.  i  Pet.  i  :  2.  Through  sanctifica- 
tion  of  the  Spirit.  Eph.  3:  16.  Strengthened  with  power  through  His 
Spirit  in  the  inward  man.  i  Cor.  4:  16.  Inward  man  renewed  day  by 
day.     I  Cor.  3:  18.     Changed     .     .     .     by  the  Spirit  of  the  Tord. 

Inspires  and  Helps  in  Prayer.  Zech.  12:  10.  Pour  the  Spirit  of  sup- 
plication. TX.  603.  Rom.  8:26.  Spirit  helpeth.  XI.  239.  Eph.  6:  18; 
Jude  20.  Praying  in  the  .Spirit.  XI.  444,  710. 

Abides  in  us.  John  14:  17.  He  dwclleth  with  you  and  shall  be  in 
you.  Rom.  8:9.  i  Cor.  3:  16.  The  Spirit  of  God  dwelleth  in  you. 
I  Cor.  6:  19.  Your  body  is  a  temple  of  the  Holy  Ghost  Who  is  in  you. 
Eph.  2 :  22.  Ye  are  a  habitation  of  God  in  the  Spirit,  i  Thes.  4 :  8. 
I  Pet.  4:14.  The  Spirit  of  God  resteth  upon  you.  2  Cor.  1:21. 
Earnest  of  the  Spirit  in  our  hearts.     See  Isa.  63:  10.  \TII.  368. 

Abides,  as  a  Comforter  and  Helper  (Paraclete).  John  14:  16.  An- 
other Comforter,  with  you  forever,  even  the  Spirit.  X.  484.  Rom. 
8:26.  The  Spirit  helpeth  our  infirmity.  Himself  maketh  intercession 
for  us.  Jude  20.  As  an  Inworker.  Eph.  3 :  20.  The  power  that 
worketh  in  us.  Acts  1:8.  Receive  power  after  the  Holy  Ghost  is 
come  upon  you.  Gal.  5:24.  If  we  live  by  the  Spirit,  walk  by  the 
Spirit. 

As  a  believer,  always  assume,  realize  and  act  upon  the  assured 
fact  that  the  Holy  Spirit  is  abiding  in  you.  Pray,  therefore,  not  that 
He  will  come  to  you,  but  that  He  will  'd'ork  His  appropriate  and 
promised  work  in  you.  Paul  never  exhorts  Christians  to  pray  for 
the  Spirit;  He  exhorts  them  to  be  "  led  by  the  Spririt  ";  to  "  walk  in 
the  "  Spirit  ";  to  "  live  in  the  Spirit  ";  to  be  "  filled  with  the  Spirit." 
As  believers,  then,  our  daily  aim  and  endeavor  should  be  to  cultivate 
the  habit  of  seeking  the  Spirit's  guidance  and  inworking  in  the  com- 
mon experiences  of  life  as  well  as  in  praise,  prayer  and  devout  medi- 
tation, and  in  all  forms  of  Christian  service.  To  the  Spirit's  inwork- 
ing we  should  respond  with  a  glad  surrender ;  a  more  complete  de- 
pendence upon  His  help;  a  more  earnest  and  faithful  cooperation  with 


Work  of  the  Spirit.  39 

Him  in  all  His  gracious  purposes  and  interpositions  in  our  lives,  and 
in  the  lives  of  those  whom  we  are  privileged  to  help  as  His  co- 
workers. 

Promised  to  those  that  ask.  Luke  11:  13.  X.  328.  Command  to 
seek  His  fullest  gifts.  Eph.  5:  18.  Illus.  Luke  i:  15,  41,  67.  Acts 
2:4;  4:8;  6:5;  10:44.  Filled  with,  full  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  The 
Infilling  or  Enduement  by  the  Holy  Spirit,  pledged  to  every  pleading 
believer,  is  the  one  fundamental  and  essential  condition  of  spiritual 
growth  and  progress,  and  of  all  effective  and  fruitful  service  to  God 
and  helpfulness  to  men. 

Fruits  ^f  Spirit.  Gal.  5  :  22.  Eph.  5  :  9.  Rom.  5  :  5.  Love  of  God 
shed  in  our  hearts  by  the  Spirit.  His  Tender  Earnestness  indicated. 
Eph.  4:36.  Grieve  not  the  Spirit,  i  Thes.  5:10.  Quench  not  the 
Spirit. 

All  the  influences  which  bear  upon  the  renewed  soul,  the  guid- 
ance, the  strength,  the  energy,  the  succor,  the  comfort,  by  which  the 
life  of  the  believer  is  sustained  and  developed — all  are  ascribed  alike 
by  Paul  and  Peter,  James  and  John,  solely  to  the  power  of  the  in- 
dwelling Spirit.  The  power  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  they  affirm  again  and 
again,  is  put  forth  in  the  soul  of  every  believer  through  life.  The 
beautiful  and  effective  graces,  the  enriching  experiences  and  the  benefi- 
cent results  of  a  sanctified  life  are  attributed  alone  to  the  immediate 
personal  inworking  of  the  Divine  Spirit  in  the  human.  The  light  to 
discern  duty  and  the  energy  to  perform  it,  the  courage  to  dare,  to  do 
or  to  speak  for  God  and  the  right,  the  fervent  persistent  engagement 
in  the  Christ-appointed  life  work  of  soul  winning  and  saving,  the 
determination  to  avoid  or  resist  evil,  the  fortitude  to  endure  trial, 
which  characterize  the  faithful  believer's  conduct,  the  satisfaction, 
the  peace,  the  hope,  the  solace  and  the  joy  which  enter  into  his  experi- 
ence— all  that  marks  the  process  of  renewal  going  on  day  by  day  in 
the  inner  man  is  the  sole  product  of  the  Spirit's  inworking,  continually 
exerted  therein,  through  the  truth  He  has  revealed. 

Note. — The  Office- Work  of  the  Trinity,  as  delineated  above,  discloses 
all  that  God  is  to  man,  sustaining  every  needful  desirable  relation  and 
manifesting  every  attractive,  endearing  and  satisfying  character.  The 
thoughtful  student  will  find  these  points  of  vital  significance  and  interest 
summarized  in  another  and  more  compact  form  {Top.  An.,  pp.  181-184) 
under  the  heading:  God  and  -Man. 


40  Christ's  Redemptive  Work. 

CHRIST'S   REDEMPTIVE   WORK. 

In  its  Particulars,  or  Cardinal  Facts. 

I.    INCARNATION. 

Chief  Texts  and  their  Significance.  The  Pre-existent 
Son  of  God  Assumed  a  True  and  Complete  Human  Nature. 

John  I :  I,  14.  The  Word  was  God.  And  the  Word  became 
(egeneto,  began  to  to  be)  flesh,  and  dwelt  among  us,  and  we  beheld 
His  glory,  glory  as  of  the  Only  Begotten  from  the  Father.  Began  to 
be,  "  in  contradistinction  to  that  timeless  mode  of  being  in  which  He 
had  previously  subsisted."  Flesh,  "  humanity  in  its  widest  possible 
significance,  the  humanity  of  the  race,  body  and  soul  with  all  their 
powers  (Luther),  human  nature  in  its  entirety  (Godet,  Luthardt, 
Meyer,  Weiss,  IVestcott,  and  others)."  X.  61-63. 

I  John  I :  I,  2.  That  which  was  from  the  beginning,  that  which 
we  have  heard,  that  which  we  have  seen  with  our  eyes,  that  which 
our  hands  handled,  concerning  the  Word  of  Life  (and  the  Life  was 
manifested,  and  we  have  seen  and  bear  witness,  and  declare  unto 
you  the  Life,  the  Eternal  Life  which  was  with  the  Father,  and  was 
manifested  unto  us)  :  that  ye  also  may  have  fellowship  with  us;  and 
our  fellowship  is  with  the  Father  and  with  His  Son  Jesus  Christ. 
XL  681.  682. 

I  Tim.  3:16.  Great  is  the  mystery  of  godliness;  He  who  was 
manifested  in  the  flesh,  justified  in  the  Spirit,  seen  of  angels,  preached 
among  the  nations,  believed  on  in  the  world,  received  up  into  glory. 
XL  514. 

Rom.  1 :  3,  4.  Who  was  born  of  the  Seed  of  David  according  to 
the  flesh,  declared  (determined)  to  be  the  Son  of  God  with  power, 
by  the  resurrection  of  the  dead.  XT.  198.  Rom.  9:5.  Of  whom 
(Israelites)  is  Christ  as  concerning  the  flesh.  Rom.  8:3.  God.  send- 
ing His  own  Son  in  the  likeness  of  sinful  flesh  and  as  an  offering 
for  sin,  condemned  sin  in  the  flesh.  Gal.  4:4.  Born  of  a  woman, 
born  under  the  law.  "  His  assumed  humanity  was  derived  through 
the  process  of  a  human  birth." 

Heb.  2:  14.  17.  Since  the  children  are  sharers  in  flesh  and  blood. 
He  also  Himself  in  like  manner  partook  of  the  same.      It  behoved 


His  Incarnation.  41 

Him  in  all  things  to  be  made  like  unto  His  brethren,  that  He  might 
.  .  .  make  propitiation  for  the  sins  of  the  people.  XI.  561,  562. 
I  Pet.  3 :  18.  Christ  suiTered  for  sins  once,  the  righteous  for  the  un- 
righteous, that  He  might  bring  us  to  God ;  being  put  to  death  in  the 
flesh.     I  Pet.  4:  I.  Christ  suffered  in  the  flesh. 

Phil.  2:6-8.  Who  being  in  the  form  of  (being  originally)  God, 
counted  it  not  a  prize  (a  thing  to  be  grasped)  to  be  on  an  equality 
with  God,  but  emptied  Himself,  taking  the  form  of  a  servant  (slave), 
being  made  (becoming)  in  the  likeness  of  men;  and  being  found  in 
fashion  as  a  man,  He  humbled  Himself,  becoming  obedient  even  unto 
death,  yea,  the  death  of  the  cross.  XI.  452. 

[It  is -to. the  life-long  obedience  of  Christ,  terminating  in  that  last 
and  greatest  act  of  obedience,  death,  that  the  apostle  here  directs  us. 
The  life  and  the  death  thus  connected  with  each  other,  though  differ- 
ing in  many  things,  yet  resembled  each  other  in  this,  that  they  were 
both  vicarious.  Christ  was  our  substitute  from  His  cradle  to  His 
cross.  It  was  as  our  sin-bearing  substitute  that  He  entered  on  His 
life  of  obedience,  and  as  the  same  He  finished  that  life  upon  the 
cross.  Pie  was  the  obedient  One  all  His  life  through;  and  that  obedi- 
ence was  for  us.  Anon.  He  accomplished  our  salvation  by  all  that 
He  was  and  all  that  He  performed;  by  His  actions  and  His  words; 
by  what  He  did  and  what  He  suffered;  by  His  life  as  by  His  death. 
A.  Vinet. 

The  birth  of  Jesus  Christ  inaugurated  the  history  of  our  Redemp- 
tion. It  is  the  turning-point  of  the  ages.  It  is  the  miracle  of  the 
universe.  It  was  a  stupendous  act  of  Divine  condescension.  The 
Incarnation  was  a  humiliation.  For,  in  consenting  to  be  born,  the 
Son  of  God  voluntarily  accepted  the  limitations  of  human  life,  and 
surrendered  Himself  to  all  that  these  limitations  involved.  But  the 
humiliation  did  not  stop  there.  He  not  only  became  man,  but  He 
took  upon  Him  the  form  of  a  servant.  He  accepted  poverty,  and 
obscurity,  in  a  mechanic's  home.  Deeper  still  was  His  humiliation. 
He  became  obedieijt  unto  death.  No  such  necessity  grew  out  of  His 
being  man,  nor  of  His  taking  the  servant  form.  For  He  was  sinless 
and  holy,  and  death  is  the  wages  of  sin.  He  might  have  warded  it 
off;  but  He  would  not.  Saving  others,  Himself  Pie  would  not  save. 
And  even  death  does  not  measure  the  depth  of  His  humiliation.  He 
was  obedient  to  the  death  of  the  cross ;  a  shameful,  an  infamous  and 
accursed  death,  in  the  estimation  of  Roman  and  Jew.  Humiliation 
could  go  no  farther.  The  Holiest  drank  the  bitterest  dregs.  But  in 
all  this  humiliation  there  was  no  degradation.  His  Incarnation  did 
not  degrade  Him.     His  poverty  did  not  degrade  Him.    His  death  did 


42  Christ's  Redemptive  Work. 

not  degrade  Him.    His  crucifixion  did  not  degrade  Him.     His  Cross 
has  become  His  Throne,  in  which  we  glory.     Bchrcnds.'] 

Conceived  by  the  Holy  Ghost. 

Matt  1 :  20-23.  She  was  found  with  child  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  An 
angel  of  the  Lord  appeared  unto  him  in  a  dream,  saying,  Joseph,  thou 
son  of  David,  fear  not  to  take  unto  thee  Mary  thy  wife;  for  that 
which  is  conceived  (begotten)  in  her  is  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  And  she 
shall  bring  forth  a  son;  and  thou  shalt  call  His  name  Jesus;  for  it 
is  He  that  shall  save  His  people  from  their  sins.  Emmanuel,  God 
with  us.  X.  31,  32.  Luke  i  :  30-35.  The  angel  said  unto  her,  Fear  not, 
Mary:  for  thou  hast  found  favor  (grace)  with  God.  .  .  .  The 
Holy  Ghost  shall  come  upon  thee,  and  the  power  of  the  Most  High 
shall  overshadow  thee;  wherefore  also  the  Holy  thing  which  is  to  be 
born  (or  is  begotten)  shall  be  called  the  Son  of  God.  X.  23.  Luke 
2:  10-12.  There  is  born  to  you  this  day  in  the  city  of  David  a  Saviour, 
which  is  Christ  the  Lord.  X.  35. 

Fullness  of  Deity  with  Humanity. 

Col.  2:9.  In  Him  dwelleth  all  the  fullness  of  the  Godhead  bodily. 
See  VHL  291.  IX.  610-612. 

Christ's  own  Testimony. 

Christ  asserts  His  humanity,  calling  Himself  about  eighty  times 
The  Son  of  Man.  As  emphatically  He  asserts  His  Deity,  calling 
Himself  The  Son  of  God,  who  alone  knows,  reveals,  is  one  with,  the 
Father.     For  texts  see  God  the  Son,  p.  25. 

For  following  points  see  Top.  An.,  pp.  212-217. 

The  Incarnation:  a  Union  of  Divine  and  Human  Elements  of 
Being;  a  complete  Revelation  of  God;  Discloses  the  dignity  and  great- 
ness of  the  human  soul;  Incarnation  and  Creation;  Incarnation  in  the 
light  of  its  revealed  Ends. 


Effects  of  His  Earthly  Life.  43. 


II.  INFLUENCES  AND   EFFECTS  OF   HIS   EARTHLY 

LIFE. 

His  Character.  Brief  points:  Song  of  Solomon  5:16.  Al- 
together lovely.  \'I.  566.  Gentle,  patient,  yet  strong.  Isa.  42 : 2-4. 
VIII.  219-221.  Tender  to  children.  Mark  10:  14.  Suffer  to  come. 
X.  387,  8.  Loving.  John  13:  i.  To  the  end.  Gal.  2:20.  Loved  me. 
Jer.  31  :  3.  VIII.  539-541.  Love  of  Christ.  Rom.  8:  35.  2  Cor.  5:  14. 
Eph.  2:4;  3:19;  5:2.  Serving.  Luke  22:27.  ^  ^"^  'is  C)ne  that 
serveth.  Seeking  to  Help.  Acts  10:38.  Went  about  doing  good. 
Sympathetic.  Heb.  4:  15.  Touched  with  feeling  of  our  infirmities. 
Wept  with  Martha.  X.  351.  Over  the  City.  X.  411.  Mark  y.l'j. 
For  Special  Endowments.  Read  Isa.  11:2-10.  VIII.  77-81.  Isa.  6t  : 
1-3.  VIII.  353-356.     Also  Heb.  2:  10.  XL  560.  X.  597. 

[Christ  as  the  ideal  of  spirituality  must  be  accounted  for.  His 
conception  of  the  Father,  of  communion  with  Him.  of  heaven,  of  holy 
living  finds  a  response  in  every  exalted  human  heart.  The  attractive- 
ness of  this  spirituality  is  a  revelation  of  man's  spirituality,  of  his 
spiritual  needs  and  possibilities.     Anon.'] 

His  Teachings: 

1.  Parables,  Objective,  Practical  Instructions  touching  the  Kingdom 
of  God,  the  Privileges,  Duties,  and  Responsibilities  of  its  Subjects,  and 
the  Final  Issue  of  their  Life  Choice  and  Conduct.  (Chronologically  ar- 
ranged.) Meaning  and  Use  of  Parables.  X.  204.  Two  Debtors,  pp. 
182,  3.  Rich  Fool,  194.  Barren  Fig-Tree,  202.  Sower,  204,  207. 
Tares,  208.  Seed  growing  secretly,  212.  Mustard  Seed  and  Leaven, 
212.  Hid  Treasure  and  Pearl,  213.  Net,  213.  Old  and  New  Gar- 
ments and  Bottles,  224.  The  Unmerciful  Servant,  294.  Good  Samar- 
itan, 323.  Great  Supper,  362  (Excuses).  Lost  Sheep,  Coin  and 
Son,  365-371.  Unjust  Steward,  372.  Dives  and  Lazarus,  378.  Im- 
portunate Widow,  383.  Prayers  of  Pharisee  and  Publican,  383.  La- 
borers in  Vineyard,  391.  The  Pounds,  401.  Two  Sons,  417.  The 
Faithless  Husbandmen,  419.  Marriage  Feast  and  Garment,  421.  Ten 
Virgins,  456.  The  Talents,  458.  Allegory  of  the  Judgment.  Matt. 
25:31-46,  461-463- 

2.  Discourses,  Colloquies,  Brief  Addresses  and  Sayings,  Mainly  Sub- 
jective and  Personal,  a  Progressive  Series  of  Self-Disclosures.  (Chrono- 
logically arranged.) 

Colloquy:  John  1:47-51.  With  Nathanael  (Bartholomew).  X. 
yy,  8.     With  Jews  at  Jerusalem.  John  2 :  14-22,  pp.  83-85.  Dis- 


44  Discourses  and  Sayings. 

course  with  Nicodemus.  John  3:1-21.  A  clear  and  complete  com- 
pendium of  the  Work  of  the  Trinity  in  Redemption,  pp.  87-91. 
Colloquy  with  Woman  of  Samaria.  John  4:7-26.  God  a  Spirit, 
and  Worship  of  the  heart.  Declares  Himself  Messiah,  pp.  97-103. 
Brief  of  Discourse  and  Colloquy  at  Nazareth.  Luke  4:  17-27,  pp.  109- 
III.  Announces  His  Messiahship.  Colloquies  with  Jews  at  Jeru- 

salem. John  5:17-47,  pp.  129-134.  Proves  His  Divine  Sonship  and 
authority.    Reproves   their   unbelief.  Colloquy   with    Pharisees. 

Luke  6:  i-ii,  pp.  135-138.  Expounds  the  true  Law  of  the  Sabbath. 
Luke    13:14-17,   p.   355.  Sermon   on   the    Mount    (Objective). 

Matt.,  chaps.  5-7,  pp.  143-170.  Shows  the  Kingdom  of  God  as  the 
aim  and  the  substance  of  the  Old  Dispensation,  and  its  consummation 
as  the  end  and  crown  of  the  New.  Presents  the  point  of  connection 
and  transition  between  Judaism  and  Christianity.  Address  to 

the  people,  concerning  John  the  Baptist.  Luke  7:34,  35,  p.  175. 
Upbraids  the  Three  favored  Cities  (on  the  Lake)  for  unbelief.  In- 
vites the  Heavy-laden.  Matt.  11:20-30,  p.  177.  Refutes  and 
Reproves  Pharisees  and  Scribes  for  their  blasphemous  charge  of 
alliance  with  Satan.  Matt.  12:24-37,  p.  186.  Defines  and  limits  the 
meaning  of  blasphemy.  Rebukes  Scribes  and  Pharisees  for  ask- 
ing a  sign.  Declares  disciples  His  brethren.  Matt.  12:38-50,  p.  789. 
Denounces  Pharisees  and  lawyers  for  hypocrisy.  Luke  1 1 :  37-54, 
p.  192.  Cautions  Disciples  against  hypocrisy,  forewarns  and  as- 
sures them  respecting  their  future.  Luke  12:1-12,  p.  194.  In- 
structs the  Twelve  in  sending  them  forth.  Matt.  10:  5-42,  pp.  234-238. 
Later  the  Seventy.  Luke  10:  1-16,  p.  296.  Colloquy  with  people 
(Jews)  at  Capernaum.  John  6:25-59.  Faith  in  Christ  their  only 
Work.  Christ  the  Bread  of  Life.  His  flesh  meat  and  His  blood 
drink,  pp.  249-255.  Charges  Pharisees  with  rejecting  God's  com- 
mandments through  regard  for  their  traditions.  Matt.  15:5-9.  Mark 
7:  7-13,  p.  258.  Therefore  their  worship  was  heartless  and  worthless. 
Accuses  them  again  of  hypocrisy.  Matt.  16:  1-6,  p.  266.  Re- 
sponds to  Peter's  Great  Confession.  Matt.  16:  16-20,  pp.  268,  271- 
273.  Urges  Disciples  to  Self-denial.  Mark  8:  34-38,  p.  275.  Luke 
14:25-27,  pp.  362-364.  Foretells  His  Death  and  Resurrection. 
Luke  9:43-45,  p.  287.  Again,  Mark  10:32,  33.  Luke  18:31-34,  p. 
393.  John  12:23-33.  Rebukes  Ambition  and  Intolerance  of 
disciples  and  Denounces  Persecutors.  Mark  9:33-50.  etc.,  p.  288. 
Colloquy  with  Jews  in  the  Temple.  John  7:  11-39.  pp.  302-307.  Jus- 
tifies His  teaching  and  working  as  of  God.  Invites  the  thirsting  to 
come  and  drink.  Words  to  Accused  Woman.  John  8:3-11.  X.  309. 
Colloquy   in   the   Temple.   John   8:12-19.   p.   309.   "I    am  the   Liglit 


Discourses  and  Sayings,  45, 

of  the  World."     "  The  Father  beareth  witness  of  Me."  Colloquy 

renewed.  John  8:  21-58,  pp.  313,  317.  "  Believe  in  Me  or  die  in  your 
sins."  "  Continue  in  My  word  and  ye  shall  know  the  truth  and  be 
free"  from  sin.  (To  Jews)  Abraham  your  father  in  the  flesh,  but 
the  devil  in  the  spirit.  "  Abraham  rejoiced  to  see  My  Day."  "  Be- 
fore Abraham  was,  I  AM."  Colloquy  in  the  Temple.  John  9 : 
39:41;  10:  1-38,  pp.  333-343.  "I  am  the  Door;  by  Me  if  any  enter 
in  he  shall  be  saved."  "  I  am  the  Good  Shepherd."  "  I  lay  down 
My  life  for  the  sheep."  "  There  shall  be  One  Flock  and  One  Shep- 
herd." Reply  to  Martha  (Lazarus  four  days  buried).  John  11: 
21-27,  p.  347.  "  I  am  the  Resurrection  and  the  Life."  Speaks 
to  Disciples.  Luke  17:  i-io,  p.  379.  Concerning  a  Forgiving,  Believ- 
ing and  Serving  Spirit.  Luke  17:22-37,  p.  381.  Destruction  of  Jew- 
ish State  by  Romans.  Matt.  19:3-15,  p.  385.  Divorce  and  Marriage. 
Blessing  Little  Children.  Answers  Peter's  selfish  question, 
"What  shall  we  have?"  Matt.  19:27-30,  p.  391.  "An  hundred-fold 
now,  and  everlasting  life."  Answers  ambitious  request  of  James 
and  John.  Mark  10:  35-45,  p.  393.  Serving  greater  than  Ruling.  Luke 
22  :  24-27,  p.  468.  Colloquies  in  the  Temple.  Refutes  and  silences 
chief  priests,  scribes,  elders,  Pharisees  and  Sadducees.  Luke  22:1-8, 
p.  417.  On  the  question  of  His  authority.  Matt.  22:15-22,  p.  424. 
About  Tribute  Money.  Luke  20 :  27-39,  p.  426.  About  the  Resurrec- 
tion. "  God  the  God  of  the  living,  for  all  live  unto  Him."  Matt. 
22:41-45,  p.  429.  "Whose  Son  is  Christ?"  Mark  12:28-34,  p. 
430.  Which  is  the  great  commandment?  Final  and  Fearful  De- 
nunciations against  Scribes  and  Pharisees.  Matt.  27, :  1-38,  p.  434. 
Announces  His  Death  and  its  Effect  upon  men.  John  12 :  23-33.  "  ^^ 
it  die,  it  bringeth  fruit."  "  If  I  be  lifted  will  draw  all  men  unto  Me." 
"  Signifying  what  death  He  shall  die,"  pp.  439-442.  Foretells 
Destruction  of  Jerusalem.  Matt.  24:  1-36,  pp.  445-453.  Urges  dis- 
ciples to  fidelity  and  watchfulness.  Matt.  24:37-51.     Luke  21:34-36, 

P-  453- 

Last  Discourse.  John,  chaps.  14-16,  pp.  478-504.  Trust  in  Trou- 
ble. A  place  secufed  with  Him.  "  The  Way,  the  Truth,  and  the 
Life."  "  What  ye  ask  in  My  Name,  I  will  do."  "  Keep  My  com- 
mandments." An  Abiding  Comforter,  the  Holy  Spirit,  "  with  you 
and  in  you."  "  He  shall  teach  you  all  things."  "  He  shall  testify  of 
Me."  "  Convince  the  world  of  sin,  of  righteousness  and  of  judg- 
ment." "  He  will  guide  you  into  all  truth."  "  My  peace  I  give  unto 
you."  "  Because  I  live,  ye  shall  live  also."  "  I  am  the  Vine,  ye  the 
branches."  "  Abide  in  Me  and  I  in  you.  severed  from  Me  ye  can  do 
nothing."     "  I  have  spoken  that  your  joy  might  be  full."     "  Love  one 


46  Miraculous  Works. 

another,  as  I  have  loved  you."  "  It  is  expedient  that  I  go  away." 
■■  In  the  world  ye  shall  have  tribulation,  but  be  of  good  cheer."  (The 
last  heart  word  to  His  disciples.) 

The  Intercessory  Prayer.  John  17:  1-26,  pp.  505-511.  "  Keep  those 
Thou  hast  given  Me."  "Sanctify  them  through  Thy  truth."  "That 
they  may  be  one  in  Us,  that  the  world  may  believe."  "  That  they  be 
with  Me  where  I  am." 

Answers  at  His  Trial.  To  Annas.  Jolin  18:19-23,  p.  522.  To 
Caiaphas  and  the  Sanhedrim.  Luke  22:66-68,  p.  523.  "I  am  the 
Christ,  the  Son  of  God."     To  Pilate.  John  18:  33-38.  "  I  am  a  King." 

Words  upon  the  Cross :  "  Father,  forgive  them,  for  they  know 
not  what  they  do."  Luke  23:34,  p.  540.  "Thou  shalt  be  with  Me 
To-day  in  Paradise."  Luke  2^ :  43.  p.  543.  "  Behold  thy  son.  Behold 
thy  mother."  John  19:  26,  2^,  p.  548.  "  My  God,  why  hast  Thou  for- 
saken Me?"  Mark  15:34,  p.  549.  "It  is  finished."  "Father,  into 
Thy  hands  I  commend  my  spirit."  John   19:30  and  Luke  23:46,  p. 

547- 

After  the  Resurrection:  His  Message  to  Mary  Magdalene.  John 
20:  14-17,  p.  563.  To  the  other  women.  Matt.  28:  10,  p.  565.  Inter- 
view with  Two  Disciples  on  the  Walk  to  Emmaus.  Luke  24:13-32, 
p.  567.  Here  we  read  of  a  last  prolonged  Discourse  in  which  He 
expounded  to  them  from  the  entire  O.  T.  Scriptures  "  the  things 
concerning  Himself."  We  here  find  Christ  Himself  the  first  preacher 
of  the  Cross,  from  the  words.  "  Ought  not  Christ  to  have  suffered 
these  things  "  (v.  20,  condemned  and  crucified)  ?  With  the  Twelve. 
Luke  24 :  36-43.  John  20 :  22-29,  PP-  570"574-  W'ith  Seven,  on  the 
Lake  Shore.  Colloquy  with  Peter.  John  21  :  15-22,  pp.  575-580.  "  Lov- 
est  thou  Me?  "  "  Final  Conference  with  the  Apostles.  Luke  24:  44-49. 
Acts  1 :  5,  8.  Matt.  28:  18-20.  "  All  things  must  be  fulfilled  concern- 
ing Me."  "  I  send  the  promise  of  My  Father  upon  you,  ye  shall  be 
baptized  with  the  Holy  Ghost."  "  Go,  teach  all  nations,  to  observe 
all  things  whatsoever  I  have  commanded  you,  and  lo,  I  am  with  you 
alway." 

Works  of  Wonder  and  Blessing. 

General  Assertions.  John  2:23.  Miracles  He  did.  John  3:2; 
20-30.  Acts  2 :  22.  Approved  of  God  by  mighty  works  and  wonders 
and  signs.     Mark  6:2.     Matt.  4:23,  24. 

Miracles  in  Order.  Changing  water  into  wine,  John  2  :  8-10.  X.  79. 
Heals  nobleman's  son,  John  4:47-54.  X.  107.  Draught  of  Fishes 
(ist),  Luke  5:4-10.  X.  116.     Demoniac,  Luke  4:33.  X.  117.  Peter's 


Summaries  Touching  Life  and  Work.  47 

wife's  mother,  and  many  others  healed,  Mark  1:29-34.  X.  117. 
Leper.  Luke  5:12.  X.  121.  Paralytic,  Luke  5:17-20.  X.  124.  Im- 
potent man  at  Bethesda,  John  5:5-9.  X.  127.  Withered  Hand  re- 
stored, Mark  3:1-7.  X.  135.  Centurion's  Servant,  Luke  7:1-10.  X. 
171.  Widow's  Son  raised,  Luke  7:  11-15.  X.  172.  Blind  and  Dumb 
Demoniac,  Matt.  12:22,  23.  X.  186.  Tempest  stilled,  Mark  4:36-41. 
X.  215.  Demoniac  of  Gadara,  Mark  5:1-17.  X.  218.  Woman  by 
Touch  of  His  Garment,  Mark  5 :  25-34.  X.  227.  Jairus's  Daughter, 
Mark  5 :  22-24,  35-43-  X.  228.  Two  Blind,  and  a  Dumb  Demoniac, 
Matt.  9:27-34.  X.  229.  Five  Thousand  Fed,  Mark  6:39.  X.  241. 
Walks  on  the  Sea,  and  Sustains  Peter  on  the  Water,  Mark  6:47-51. 
Matt.  14 :  24-33.  X.  245.  Syrophenician  Woman's  Daughter,  Matt. 
15:21-29.  X.  261.  One  Deaf  and  Dumb,  Mark  7:31-37.  X.  263. 
Multitudes  Healed,  Matt.  15:29-31.  X.  265.  Four  Thousand  Fed, 
Mark  8:1-10.  X.  265.  Blind  Man  at  Bethsaida,  Mark  8:22-26.  X. 
269.  Transfiguration,  Luke  9 :  28-35.  X-  279.  Demon  the  Nine  could 
not  cast  out,  Mark  9 :  14-27.  X.  284.  Tribute  Money  from  a  Fish, 
Matt.  17:24-27.  X.  287.  Ten  Lepers,  Luke  9:11-19.  X.  299.  One 
born  Blind,  John  9:  1-7.  X.  329.  Raises  Lazarus,  John  11:39-44.  X. 
350.  Infirm  Woman,  Luke  13:  10-13.  X.  355.  Dropsical  Man,  Luke 
14:  1-5.  X.  361.  Blind  Bartimeus,  Luke  18:35-43.  X.  397.  Fig-tree 
Withered,  Mark  11:  12-14,  20-26.  X.  411.  Healing  the  ear  of  Mal- 
chus,  Luke  22:  51.  X.  518.  And  the.  Crowning  Miracle  of  His  Resur- 
rection. 

For  Sequence  of  Acts  and  Events,  sec  Top.  An.,  pp.  59,  60. 

Thoughtful  Summaries  Bearing  upon  the  Life  and  Work 
of  Christ. 

Life  of  our  Lord.  X.  16-18.  Person  of  Christ.  X.  591.  Doctrine 
of  Messiah  under  the  Theocracy.  X.  592.  Christ :  Prophet,  Priest, 
and  King.  X.  594.  Christ,  the  Divine  Man.  His  Doctrine  and 
Character.  X.  595.  Admissions  of  Skeptics.  X.  599.  V.  459.  Christ's 
Doctrine  of  the  Kingdom,  the  key  to  His  Ministry.  X.  607.  Christ 
and  His  Kingdom  in  Subsequent  Human  History.  X.  609.  The  Mir- 
acles of  Christ.  X.  615.  Christ  the  Center  of  Christian  Theology.  XL 
787.  The  Priesthood  of  Christ.  XL  788.  Christ  the  Center  and  Solu- 
tion of  Human  History.  XL  792.  Resurrection  of  Christ.  VIII.  289. 
Contrarieties  Centered  and  Harmonized  in  Christ.  VIII.  291.  Christ's 
Character  and  Sacrifice  the  only  Moving  Power  with  Men.  VIII.  288. 


48  Atonement. 

III.  SELF-SACRIFICIAL    ATONEMENT. 

Read  XI.  562.  H.  P.  L.     Also  X.  514,  5.  H. 

God  has  made  the  Death  of  Christ  the  Procuring  Cause  of 
Human  Salvation.  This  is  the  Central  and  Cardinal  Fact  of  Divine 
Revelation.  Its  expression  is  concentrated  in  the  heralding  Baptist's 
sublime  Announcement  when,  pointing  to  the  approaching  Christ,  he 
exclaimed,  Behold  the  Lamb  of  God,  Who  taketh  away  the  sin  of  the 
World!  This  Vital  Fact  comprehensively  stated:  Lsa.  53:  5,  6,  10,  12. 
He  was  wounded  for  our  transgressions.  The  Lord  laid  on  Him  the 
iniquity  of  us  all.  His  soul  an  offering  for  sin.  He  poured  out  His 
soul  unto  death.  He  bare  the  sin  of  many,  i  Pet.  2:24.  Who  His 
own  self  bare  our  sins  in  His  body  upon  the  tree,  that  we  might  live 
unto  righteousness.  XI.  656.  i  Pet.  3:18.  Christ  suffered  for  sins 
once,  the  righteous  for  the  unrighteous,  that  He  might  bring  us  unto 
God;  being  put  to  death  in  the  flesh,  but  quickened  in  the  spirit. 
Phil.  2:8.  He  humbled  Himself,  and  became  obedient  unto  death, 
even  the  death  of  the  cross.  XI.  450,  452.  Heb.  12:2.  Who  for  the 
joy  set  before  Him  endured  the  cross.  2  Cor.  5:  21.  Him  Who  knew 
no  sin.  He  made  to  be  sin  on  our  behalf;  that  we  might  become  the 
righteousness  of  God  in  Him.  XI.  366. 

Meaning  of  Terms  Employed  in  Old  and  New  Testaments. 

Atonement.  (In  O.  T.  exclusively)  {Hcb.  Kippnrim,  Coverings; 
Kaphar,  In  Cover.  Lev.  23:27,  28.  [The  idea  of  atonement  is  the 
foundation-thought  in  all  the  sacrifices  and  in  all  the  services,  both 
in  the  ritual  of  the  altar  and  of  the  Holy-place.  One  day  of  the  year, 
and  that  the  most  sacred  of  all,  the  great  fact  of  atonement  was 
presented  alone  and  in  the  most  solemn  manner  before  the  minds  of 
the  people.  /.  M.  Gibson.  II.  414-419.  It  was  in  all  its  services 
and  ceremonies  the  fullest  representation,  the  most  perfect  shadow, 
of  the  great  work  of  Redemption.     G.  Bush.  II.  414-419.] 

Reconciliation.  To  Reconcile,  Make  Reconciliation.  Heb.  Kaphar; 
Gr.  Katalasso,  Katallage,  signifying  To  Cover.  Make  Atonement;  to 
Change  thoroughly;  to  Appease,  Propitiate.  Dan.  9:24.  To  make 
reconciliation  for  iniquity  and  bring  in  everlasting  righteousness.  IX. 
299.  Rom.  5:  10,  II.  Reconciled  to  God  by  the  death  of  His  Son; 
through  Whom  we  have  now  received  the  (atonement)  reconciliation. 
XI.  218.     2  Cor.  5:  18,  19.  Reconciled  us  to  Himself  through  Christ; 


Disclosed  in  O.  T.  Type.  49 

God  was  in  Christ  reconciling  the  world  unto  Himself;  not  reckoning 
to  them  their  trespasses.  XI.  365,  6.  Eph.  2:16.  That  He  might 
reconcile  both  unto  God.  XI.  422.  Col.  1:20,  21.  Through  the  blood 
of  the  cross  by  Him  to  reconcile  all  things  to  Himself.  You  that  were 
enemies  by  His  death  hath  He  reconciled.  XI.  470.  Heb.  2:  17.  Make 
reconciliation  for  sins.  XI.  562.  Heb.  9:  12.  Through  His  own  blood 
entered  in  once  for  all  into  the  Holy  Place,  having  obtained  eternal 
redemption.  XI.  588. 

Propitiaticn.  Gr.  Hilasmos,  What  Appeases,  Propitiates.  Rom. 
3:25.  A  propitiation  through  faith  in  His  blood.  XI.  212,  3.  i  John. 
2 : 2.  He  is  the  propitiation  for  our  sins.  XI.  686.  i  John  4 :  10. 
Sent  His  Son  to  be  the  propitiation  for  our  sins.  XI.  696.  Heb.  2:  17. 
XI.  562,  570. 

Mercy-Seat.  Hch.  Kapporcth  (Kaphar).  Place  of  Covering.  Gr. 
Hilastcrion.  Place  of  Propitiation  or  Appeasement.  Ex.  25 :  17.  Make 
a  mercy-seat  of  pure  gold.  (The  word  Kapporcth  or  covering  used 
only  in  the  spiritual  sense  of  atonement.)  II.  300,  i.  Heb.  9:5. 
Cherubim  of  glory  overshadowing  the  mercy-seat    (propitiatory). 

Cross  of  Christ;  Crucified.  Gal.  6:  12,  14.  Glory  save  in  the  cross 
of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  etc.  XI.  412,  3.  Phil.  2:  8.  Became  obedient 
unto  death,  even  the  death  of  the  cross.  XI.  452.  Col.  i :  20.  Peace 
through  the  blood  of  the  cross.  XL- 470.  Heb.  12:2.  Endured  the 
cross.  XI.  605.  I  Cor.  2:2.  Know  nothing  save  Jesus  Christ  and 
Him  crucified.  XI.  284,  5. 

Atonement  as  Disclosed  in  Type  through  Old  Testament 

Sacrifice. 

The  only  use  and  justification  of  Animal  Sacrifice,  by  the  Patri- 
archs from  Adam  to  Jacob,  and  through  the  elaborate  Sacrificial 
System  of  the  Ceremonial  Law  of  Sinai,  was  in  the  fact  that  it  was 
a  needed  method  of'  symbolizing  to  the  Old  Testament  generations 
God's  plan  of  Redemption  by  substitution  of  life  for  life.  Nothing 
else  could  be  devised  so  simple,  clear  and  impressive,  and  so  suited 
to  man's  relation  to  God  and  His  Laws  as  a  disobedient  offender. 
The  ideas  plainly  presented  to  the  offerer  in  the  typical  act  of  sacrifice 
and  strongly  suggested  to  him  by  its  details  were  mainly  three:  i. 
Substitution  of  an  unoffending  animal  for  the  human  offender  in  the 
matter  of  suffering  for  wrong-doing.  2.  Nothing  less  than  the  life- 
blood  (Read  IT.  369,  370.  Lev.  17:11.  "Blood  maketh  atonement  by 


50  Fulfilled  in  Christ's  Sacrifice. 

reason  of  the  life."')  of  the  substituted  victim  sufficed  for  the  remis- 
sion of  deserved  penahy  to  the  human  offender.  3.  The  offerer's  act 
of  laying  his  hand  upon  the  substitute  animal  in  the  exercise  of  faith 
and  with  words  of  penitent  confession  intimated  a  transfer  of  guilt 
from  the  offerer  to  the  victim,  and  on  account  of  such  transfer  the 
otTender's  reliance  for  immunity  from  the  penal  effects  of  his  own 
wrong-doing.  These  ideas  substantially  convey  and  exhaust  the 
typical  teaching  of  Old  Testament  Sacrifice  as  regards  the  fact  and 
meaning  of  Atonement.  The  full  interpretation  of  that  teaching  we 
find,  partly  in  the  Psalmists  and  Prpphets  either  by  inference  and 
suggestion  or  by  distinct  prophetic  declarations,  but  chiefly  in  thei 
words  and  sufferings  of  Christ  and  their  full  exposition  by  the  in- 
spired writers  of  the  Gospels,  the  Acts,  the  Epistles  and  the  Revela- 
tion. 

For  a  large  consideration  and  explanation  of  the  Old  Testament 
Sacrificial  System,  see  Vol.  II.  pp.  358-366.  Day  of  Atonement.  II. 
414-419.  Further,  study  9th  and  loth  chapters  of  Hebrews,  specially 
9:  12-14,  26,  28  and  10:  10,  12,  14,  19,  20,  29,  of  which  the  key  thought 
is  found  in  9 :  22.  All  things  are  cleansed  with  blood,  and  apart  from 
shedding  of  blood   (life-blood)   there  is  no  remission.  XI.  586-593. 

[The  sacrifices  of  Israel  were  intended  and  adapted  to  point  on- 
ward to  Him  in  whose  death  a  real  want  of  mankind  was  met,  in 
whose  death  a  real  sacrifice  was  offered,  in  whose  death  an  angry 
God  was  not  indeed  propitiated,  but  in  whose  death  the  loving  Father 
of  our  souls  Himself  provided  the  Lamb  for  the  offering,  without 
which,  for  reasons  deeper  than  we  can  wholly  fathom,  it  v.'ere  im- 
possible that  sin  should  be  remitted.  There  is  no  gospel  worth  calling 
so,  worth  the  preaching,  worth  believing,  or  that  will  ever  move  the 
world  or  purify  society,  except  the  gospel  which  begins  with  the  fact 
of  an  atonement,  and  points  to  the  cross  as  the  altar  on  which  the 
sacrifice  for  the  sins  of  the  world,  without  whose  death  pardon  is 
impossible,  has  died  for  us  all.     Alaclorcn.l 

Atonement  as  Realized  and  Fulfilled  by  the  Self- 
Sacrificial  Offering  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Distinct  Intimations,  References,  and  Declarations  of  Old 
Testament.       (An  Outline  for  study.) 

First  intimated  in  the  primal  root-promise  of  God  to  Adam.  Gen. 
3:15.  II.  188-192.  Referred  to  in  covenant  promises  to  Al)rabani. 
Chiefly  Gen.  22:17,   18.  In  thy  seed  shall  all  nations  of  the  earth 


Assertions  of  New  Testament.  51 

be  blessed.  I.  396-399.  Explained  Gal.  3:7-9,  16,  29.  To  David. 
2  Sam.  7:  12-16.  III.  387-392. 

Prophetic  References  and  Declarations:  Ps.  22:1,  7,  8,  16,  18. 
IV.  169-175.     Isa.  52:13-15;  53:1-12.  VIII.  276-293.     Dan.  9:24-26. 

IX.  299.  303.  Zech.  II  :  12,  13.  IX.  598.  Zech.  13:  i,  7.  IX.  605-608. 
See  II.  340  (last  note),  341.  XL  586,  587.  i  Pet.  i  :  11.  The  Spirit 
of  Christ  in  the  prophets  testified  beforehand  the  sufferings  of  Christ. 
XI.  648. 

Plain  and  Multiform  Assertions  of  the  New  Testament, 
under  Varied  Aspects  and  Statements,      i  John  2 :  2.  XL  686. 

Our  Reconciler  v/itli  Gcd.     For  texts  see  above,  p.  48. 

The  Propitiatiou  for  our  sins.    For  texts  see  above,  p.  49. 

Our  Efficient,  Sufficient  and  Accepted  Sacrifice,  i  Cor.  5 :  7.  Christ 
our  Passover  is  sacrificed  for  us.  XL  295.  Eph.  5 :  2.  Christ  gave 
Himself  up  for  us,  an  offering  and  a  sacrifice  to  God.  XL  436.  Heb. 
9:  12-14,  26.  He  appeared  to  put  away  sin  by  the  sacrifice  of  Him- 
self. XL  588. 

Died  for  us.  Gave  Himself  for  us.  Rom.  5 :  6.  Christ  died  for  the 
ungodly.  XL  217.  2  Cor.  5:14,  15.  Died  for  all.  XL  364,  365.  i 
Thes.  5 :  10.  Who  died  for  us  that  we  should  live  with  Him.  XL 
495.  Heb.  2:9.  He  should  taste  death  for  every  man.  XL  560.  Gal. 
1 : 4.  Who  gave  Himself  for  our  sins  that  He  might  deliver  \is.  Gal. 
2:20.  Who  loved  me  and^ave  Himself  up  for  me.  XL  397.  Eph.  5: 
2.  Who  loved  you  and  gave  Himself  an  offering  and  a  sacrifice  to 
God.  Rev.  1 :  5,  6.  Loved  us  and  loosed  us  from  our  sins  in  His  own 
blood. 

Died  for  Our  Sins.  i  Cor.  15:3.  Christ  died  for  our  sins  accord- 
ing to  the  Scriptures.  XL  331.  Isa.  53:4-6.  He  was  wounded  for 
our  transgressions..  V.  12.  He  poured  His  soul  unto  death,  yet  He 
bare  the  sin  of  many.  VIII.  281-284,  287.  Dan  9:24-26.  IX.  299, 
303.  I  Pet.  2 :  24.  Bare  our  sins  in  His  own  body  on  the  tree.  XL 
656.  To  take  away  our  sins.  John  i :  29.  The  Lamb  of  God,  who 
taketh  away  the  sin  of  the  world.  Heb.  9 :  26.  He  was  manifested  to 
put  away  sin.  i  John  2 :  2.  He  is  the  propitiation  for  our  sins.  XL 
686.     Matt.  26:28.  My  blood    ..    shed   ..    for  the  remission  of  sins. 

X.  476.  To  save  us  from  our  sins.  Matt,  i :  21.  He  shall  save  His 
people  from  their  sins.  X.  32.  Luke  19:10.  Son  of  Man  is  come 
to  save  the  lost,     i  Tim.   i  :  15.  Christ  Jesus  came  into  the  world  to 


52  Christ's  Own  Testimony. 

save  sinners.  XI.  507.  To  cleanse  us  from  sin.  Tit.  2:14.  Gave 
Himself  for  us  that  He  might  purify  unto  Himself  a  people  for  His 
own  possession,  i  John  i :  7.  The  blood  of  Jesus  Christ  cleanseth 
us  from  all  sin.  XL  683.  Heb.  9:  14.  The  blood  of  Christ  cleanse 
your  conscience.  XI.  588.  Heb.  10:10,  14,  29.  We  are  sanctified 
through  the  offering  of  the  body  of  Jesus  Christ  once  for  all.  By 
one  offering  He  hath  perfected  them  that  are  sanctified.  The  blood 
of  the  covenant  wherewith  he  was  sanctified.  XL  592.  Rev.  i :  5. 
Unto  Him  that  loved  us.  and  washed  us  from  our  sins  in  His  own 
blood.  XL  718.  To  turn  us  away  from  sinning.  Acts  3:26.  God 
sent  Him  to  bless  you  in  turning  away  every  one  of  you  from  his 
iniquities.  XL  29,  30.  To  counteract  the  power  of  sin  in  us.  Rom. 
8:2-4.  XI-  232-234.  Rom.  6:14.  XL  225.  To  redeem  us,  as  our 
Ransom,  from  the  penal  claim  of  Law.  Gal.  3:  13.  Christ  redeemed 
us  from  the  curse  of  the  law,  having  become  a  curse  for  us,  etc.  XL 
399.  Eph.  1 :  7.  We  have  redemption  through  His  blood.  XL  416. 
I  Tim.  2:6.  Who  gave  Himself  a  ransom  for  all.  XL  51T.  Titus  2: 
14.  Who  gave  Himself  for  us  that  He  might  redeem  us  from  all 
iniquity.  XL  548.  Heb.  9:  12.  By  His  own  blood  obtained  eternal 
redemption.  XL  588.  i  Pet.  i  :  18,  19.  Redeemed  with  the  precious 
blood  of  Christ.  XL  650.  Rev.  5:9.  Thou  wast  slain  and  didst  pur- 
chase unto  God  with  Thy  blood.  XL  741,  742. 

Christ's  Testimony  to  the  Meaning  and  Virtue  of  His 
Death. 

Isa.  50:  6-8.  I  gave  My  back  to  the  smiters,  etc.  VIII.  264.  John 
3:  14,  15.  Son  of  Man  must  be  lifted  up.  X.  90.  John  8:28.  When 
ye  have  lifted  up  the  Son  of  Man.  X.  315.  John  12:32-34.  If  I  be 
lifted  up.  Signifying  what  death  He  should  die.  X.  442.  Mark  10: 
33.  Foretells  His  crucifixion.  X.  394.  Matt.  26:2.  After  two  days 
the  Son  of  Man  is  betrayed  to  be  crucified.  X.  465.  Mark  10:45. 
The  Son  of  Man  came  to  give  His  life  for  many.  X.  396.  John  6: 
33.  Giveth  life  unto  the  world.  X.  251.  John  6:51.  My  flesh  I  will 
give  for  the  life  of  the  world.  X.  254.  John  10:  11,  15,  17,  18.  Good 
Shepherd  giveth  life  for  the  sheep.  I  lay  down  My  life  for  the 
sheep.  X.  338.  339.  Matt.  26:26-28.  This  is  My  body,  broken  for 
you.  This  is  My  blood,  shed  for  you.  X.  476,  477.  After-Resurrec- 
tion, comprehensive  and  conclusive  testimony:  Luke  24:25.  27.  O 
foolish  men,  and  slow  of  heart  to  believe  in  all  that  the  Prophet"^ 
have  spoken  !  Behoved  it  not  the  Christ  to  suffer  these  things,  and 
to  enter  into  His  glory?  And  beginning  from  Moses  and  from  all  the 
Prophets,  He  interpreted  unto  them  in  all  the  Scriptures  the  things 


Atonement  and  the  Law.  53 

concerning  Himself.  X.  568,  569.  Luke  24:44-47.  All  things  must 
needs  be  fulfilled  which  are  written  in  the  Law  of  Moses,  and  the 
Prophets,  and  the  Psalms,  concerning  Me.  And  He  said,  Thus  it  is 
written,  that  the  Christ  should  suffer,  and  rise  again  from  the  dead 
the  third  day,  and  that  remission  of  sins  should  be  preached  in  Hi? 
name.  X.  582. 

In  these  plain  words  explicitly  and  unqualifiedly  does  Christ,  the 
central  and  supreme  theme  of  all  Old  Testament  disclosure,  affirm 
His  Atoning  Death  to  be  the  one  fact  that  gives  vital  significance, 
substance  and  value  to  the  entire  body  of  the  then  Inspired  and 
Written  Scriptures.  An  echo  of  these  final  utterances  we  read  in  the 
words  of  Peter,  Acts  3:  18,  and  of  Paul,  Acts  17:3  and  26:22.  In 
preaching  "Christ  Jesus  and  Him  Crucified"  as  his  epitome  of  the 
Gospel,  Paul  only  followed  the  Master's  preaching  through  all  His 
ministry,  after  His  resurrection,  and  in  His  departing  charge. 

[To  preach  Christ  crucified  as  a  marvelous  "  governmental  ex- 
pedient," or  a  mighty  "  moral  influence,"  or  a  matchless  "  vicarious 
sacrifice,"  would  be  to  preach  the  truth  of  the  Atonement  indeed,  but 
not  all  the  truth.  To  set  forth  that  marvel  and  miracle  of  grace  in 
its  Scriptural  fullness  is  to  put  into  the  doctrine  of  the  Atonement 
expiation  for  sin.  The  world  is  full  of  vicarious  sacrifice,  but  there 
never  was  but  one  exhibition  of  it  that  affected  sin,  and  made  it  pos- 
sible for  God  to  forgive  the  sinner:  The  absolutely  unique  and  tran- 
scendent thing  in  Christ's  sacrifice  is  this,  that  it  is  expiatory.  And 
to  preach  the  doctrine  of  the  Atonement  with  this  left  out  is  -to  preach 
the  doctrine  with  its  heart  left  out.     Herrick  Johnson.'] 

Atonement,  Agreed  upon  and  Determined  in  the  Counsels 
of  Eternity.  Rev.  13 : 8.  The  Lamb  slain  from  the  foundation  of 
the  world,  i  Pet.  i :  20.  Who  was  foreordained  before  the  foundation 
of  the  world.  XI.  650.  Heb.  10:  7,  9.  I  come  to  do  Thy  will,  O  God. 
XI.  592.  Acts  2:23.  Him,  being  delivered  up  by  the  determinate 
counsel  and  foreknowledge  of  God,  ye  did  crucify  and  slay.  XI.  21. 

Relation  of  the  Atonement  to  the  Law  and  Government  of 

God.  That  the  Death  of  Christ  has  to  do  directly  with  Sin  and  what 
it  achieves  in  behalf  of  the  Sinner  has  been  made  manifest.  But  the 
Atonement  has  also  a  vital  Relation  to  the  Law  of  which  Sin  is  the 
transgression,  and  to  the  Md'-al  Government  of  God  into  which  Sin  in- 
troduces the  elements  of  discord,  disorder,  anarchy,  utter  subversion 
and  extinction.     The  Law  must  be  vindicated  in  connection  with  the 


54  Atonement  as  Related  to 

pardon  of  its  transgression.  The  Justice  which  demands  penalty  of 
the  transgressor  must  be  satisfied  before  he  can  be  forgiven  and 
released  from  its  claim.  The  Just  God  must  Himself  be  justified  in 
remitting  the  punishment  pronounced  by  that  Law  which  is  the  verv 
basis  of  His  Throne  and  the  security  of  the  Moral  Universe  over 
which  He  reigns. 

The  high  place  and  the  close  relation  of  Atonement  and  Law  in 
the  Divine  Redemptive  System  are  intimated  with  force  and  beauty 
in  the  near  connection  of  the  Mercy-Seat,  or  Propitiatory,  and  the 
Tables  of  the  Law,  one  being  the  cover,  and  the  other  the  enclosed 
content  of  the  Ark,  in  the  Inner  Sanctuary  or  Holy  of  Holies;  and 
both  immediately  beneath  the  Shckinah,  or  V^isiblc  Emblem  of  Jeho- 
vah's presence.  Together  they  concentrate  the  ultimate  and  highest 
significance  of  the  Sanctuary  and  its  service,  as  together  they  dis- 
close the  only  conditions  of  restored  Divine  Fellowship  with  His 
people.  And  in  this  unquestionable  interpretation  of  these  Sacred 
Symbols,  placed  apart  and  alone  in  the  hallowed  Presence-Chamber 
of  Jehovah,  in  Tabernacle  and  Temple,  wc  discern  the  intimate  and 
essential  relation  as  well  as  the  supreme  place  of  Atonement  and  Law 
in  God's  transactions  with  sinful  men.  Read  Vol.  H.  299-301.  This 
Relation  explicitly  twice  afiirmed  in  the  Old  Testament.  Tsa.  45:21, 
22.  No  God  beside  me;  a  just  God  and  a  Saviour.  VHL  239,  240. 
Zech.  9:9.  Thy  King  cometh.     He  is  just  and  having  salvation. 

The  main  Scriptures  which  shozv  the  relation  of  the  Death  of 
Christ  to  the  Lazv:  Gal.  3:  10-13.  Christ  redeemed  us  from  the  curse 
of  the  law,  having  become  a  curse  for  us,  etc.  XL  309.  Gal.  3 :  24. 
The  law  hath  been  our  tutor  to  bring  us  to  Christ.  XL  409.  Gal.  4 : 
4,  5.  God  sent  forth  His  Son,  born  of  a  woman,  born  imder  the  law, 
that  He  might  redeem  them  which  were  under  the  law.  Rom.  3 :  30- 
26.  Being  justified  freely  by  His  grace  through  the  redemption  that 
is  in  Christ  Jesus;  whom  God  set  forth  to  be  a  propitiation,  through 
faith,  by  His  blood,  to  show  His  righteousness  because  of  the  passing 
over  of  sins,  .  .  .  that  He  might  Himself  be  just,  and  the  justi- 
ficr  of  him  that  hath  faith  in  Jesus.  XL  207-209.  Rom.  4:5,  22-25. 
Who  was  delivered  for  our  trespasses,  and  was  raised  for  our  justifi- 
cation. XL  213,  214.  Rom.  8:  1-4.  There  is  therefore  now  no  con- 
demnation to  them  that  are  in  Christ  Jesus.  For  what  the  law  could 
not  do,  God,  sending  His  own  Son  as  an  offering  for  sin.  condemned 
sin  in  the  flesh,  that  the  ordinance  of  the  law  might  be  fulfilled  in  us 
who  walk  after  the  Si)irit.  XL  232-234. 

Of  the  many  questions  which  have  been  largely  theorized  upon 
in  this  connection,  only  one,  with  a  twofold  bearing,  seems  to  have 


Divine  Law  and  Government.  55 

distmct  notice  in  the  Scriptures.  It  is  that  which  respects  the  fitness 
of  Christ  to  intervene  as  a  representative  on  the  sinner's  behalf,  in- 
volving the  sufficiency  of  His  intervention  as  a  vindication  of  the 
honor  and  supremacy  of  the  Divine  Lazv.  Four  passages  refer  to  this 
question:  Phil.  2:6-11,  Heb.  1:1-4.  Rev.  22:16,  and,  most  fully, 
Col.  I  :  13-20.  Verses  13,  14  speak  of  the  Redemptive  deliverance 
achieved  by  Christ,  and  v.  20  affirms  that  it  pleased  the  Father  through 
Christ  "to  reconcile  all  things  (things  summed  up  in  vs.  16-18)  unto 
Himself,  having  made  peace  through  the  blood  of  His  cross;  through 
Him,  whether  things  upon  earth  or  things  in  heaven"  (including  the 
universal  moral  empire  of  God).  The  intermediate  verses,  15-19, 
contain  a  magnificent  outline  presentation  of  the  exalted  Nature  and 
Dignity  of* Christ  as  the  Eternal  Word  in  whom  all  Divine  fulness 
dwells,  the  Creator,  Sustainer  and  Moral  Ruler  of  all  spiritual  beings, 
and  the  Head  of  the  Church,  or  the  Purified  Human  Race.  Assuredly 
the  Apostle  seems,  in  this  connection  of  thought,  to  imply  that  in 
Christ,  as  the  Root  and  Source  of  all  created  spirits  and  as  the  Head 
of  the  vast  fellozvship  of  Redeemed  man,  as  well  as  the  Moral  Gov- 
ernor, the  Upholder  and  Administrator  of  Law,  there  is  revealed  an 
essential  fitness,  an  adequate  reason,  and  a  sufficient  right  for  His 
beneficent  and  gracious  intervention,  through  His  own  marvelous 
Self -Sacrifice.  Here  we  read  at  least  a  worthy  interpretation  of  the 
golden  words :  "  that  God  might  be  just  and  yet  the  justifier  of  him 
that  believeth  in  Jesus."  In  conclusion,  we  may  be  grateful  and 
satisfied  that  the  Truth  of  the  Atonement  stands  as  a  Fact,  clear,  un- 
movable  and  supreme  among  the  stupendous  verities  of  Divine  Dis- 
closure, and  that  it  is  indissolubly  interwoven  with  them  all. 

[Two  great  facts  stand  out  clearly  in  the  .Scriptural  statements 
covering  the  death  of  Christ.  The  first  is  that  He  died  for  us,  in  our 
place  as  covering  us,  and  so  receiving  in  His  own  person  the  penalty 
of  the  violated  law  of  God.  He  is  our  substitute,  not  by  exchange 
of  place,  but  by  covering.  He  occupies  His  own  place,  which  place 
covers  also  our  own.  The  second  outstanding  fact  is  that  He  who 
dies  for  us  is  none  "other  than  the  instrumental  cause  of  our  being. 
The  crucified  is  none  other  than  He  by  whom  the  worlds  were  made,, 
and  in  whom  all  things  are  headed  up.  Not  Adam,  but  Christ,  is  the 
Root  of  the  race.  The  agent  of  God  in  creation  is  the  agent  of  God 
in  redemption.  The  two  facts  are  placed  side  by  side,  as  inseparably 
blended  in  the  mysterious  personality  of  Jesus.  He  is  the  representa- 
tive and  substitute  of  man  in  atoning  action ;  and  He  is  the  creative 
source  of  our  being.  By  necessary  implication,  the  representative 
function  is  rooted  in  the  creative  relation ;  unless  both  can  be  traced 


■56  Christ's  Atoning  Act. 

to  something  deeper,  which  cannot  be  done.  For  creation  is  primary. 
There  can  be  nothing  prior  to  that,  either  logically  or  chronologically. 
The  Pauline  view,  therefore,  shared  equally  by  John  and  Peter,  com- 
pels the  grounding  of  our  Lord's  representative  relation  in  redemption 
upon  His  creative  relation.  He  who  dies  in  the  place  of  all  is,  in 
the  core  of  His  personality,  the  creative  root  of  all  in  whose  behalf' 
He  acts.  There  is  no  imputation  of  guilt.  There  is  no  transfer  of 
penalty.  There  is  no  substitution  of  one  form  of  punishment  for 
another.  Christ,  in  the  agony  of  conscious  abandonment  by  the 
Father,  endures  and  exhausts  that  death,  which  is  the  proper  penalty 
of  the  violated  law ;  and  He  endures  it  as  covering  our  place.  That 
place  He  can  assume  because  the  creative  relation  which  He  sustains 
to  sinners,  qualifies  Him  to  act  as  their  representative  and  substitute. 
It  has  often  been  said  that  Christ  must  be  man  to  represent  man,  and 
that  He  must  be  God  to  represent  God.  But  the  more  Scriptural 
statement  is,  that  Christ  must  be  God  as  well  as  man  in  order  to  repre- 
sent man.  God  needs  no  representative.  Man  does.  And  Christ,  as 
God-Man,  as  the  Eternal  Word  become  Flesh,  died  for  sinners,  was 
their  representative  and  substitute  under  the  Law.  Bchrcncis.]  See 
XL  562.  H.  P.  L.  and  H.  B.  S. 

[It  is  not  any  sense  of  a  commercial  transaction,  there  completed, 
which  gives  to  the  cross  its  tender  and  sublime  appeal  to  the  world. 
It  is  not  when  viewed  in  legal  or  forensic  relations,  important  as  these 
are,  that  it  most  deeply  stirs  the  heart.  It  is  in  the  revelation  which 
it  makes,  unique,  supreme,  for  all  the  world,  for  all  the  ages,  of  the 
heavenly  conception  of  the  guiltiness  of  sin,  and  of  its  immeasurable 
sequences  of  evil ;  of  the  immaculate  purity  of  God,  and  of  the  self- 
surrendering  love  which  would  give  up  even  thrones  and  glories  to 
save  the  lost.  When  this  is  seen,  the  worlds  above  are  interpreted  to 
us,  in  what  in  them  is  v<n<:f  transcendent.  When  this  is  seen,  an  ap- 
propriate response  in  us  is  inspired,  the  mission  of  Christ  for  us  is 
answered  and  a  light  flows  back  on  all  that  had  wonderfully  gone  be- 
fore— to  the  advent  itself,  to  the  prophecies  which  had  foretold  His 
coming.     R.  S.  Storrs.'] 


Justification.  5  7 


IV.  JUSTIFICATION. 

Meaning  of  the  Words,  Justify,  Justification.  [In  Paul's 
usage,  the  word  "justify"  denotes  a  forensic  act,  the  making  of  a 
declaration,  the  pronouncing  of  a  judgment,  rather  than  a  moral 
process  of  making  just  through  an  infusion  of  righteousness.  Stev- 
ens, "Pauline  Theology."  The  verb  "justify"  means  properly  to 
pronounce  righteous.  It  has  relation  to  a  verdict  pronounced  by  a 
judge.  In  so  far  as  the  person  "  pronounced  righteous "  is  not 
really  righteous  it  has  the  sense  of  "  amnesty "  or  "  forgiveness." 
But  it  cannot  mean  to  make  righteous.  There  may  be  other  influ- 
ences which  go  to  make  a  person  righteous,  but  they  are  not  con- 
tained, or  even  hinted  at,  in  the  word  "  justify."  That  word  means 
"  to  declare  righteous,"  "  to  treat  as  righteous  " ;  it  may  even  mean 
"  to  prove  righteous  " ;  but  whether  the  person  so  declared,  treated 
as,  or  proved  to  be  righteous  is  really  so,  the  word  itself  neither 
affirms  nor  denies.  .  .  .  The  facts  of  language  are  inexorable; 
the  words  "justify,"  "  to  be  justified,"  are  rightly  said  to  be  forensic; 
they  have  reference  to  a  judicial  verdict,  and  to  nothing  beyond. 
William  Sanday,  "  Com.  on  Romans."'\ 

Justification  and  Law. 

As  a  forensic  term.  Justification  has  direct  relation  to  Haw,  and 
implies  that  in  some  way  satisfaction  has  been  made  to  a  broken  and 
therefore  condemning  Law. 

[In  the  doctrine  of  justification,  the  gospel  is  most  radically  dis- 
tinguished from  a  merely^  legal  system,  and  from  any  moral  system 
which  rests  on  merely  legal  ideas.  These  make  personal  obedience, 
conformity  to  law,  to  be  the  only  ground  of  acceptance.  In  justifica- 
tion, acceptance  is  on  the  ground  of  what  Christ  has  done,  of  His 
merits — of  what  another  has  done  for  us  in  our  stead.  The  ends  of 
the  law  are  so  far  satisfied  by  what  Christ  has  done,  that  the  sinner 
can  be  pardoned.  The  law  is  not  merely  set  aside,  but  its  great  ends 
are  answered  by  what  Christ  has  done  in  our  behalf.  An  internal 
change  is  always  a  sine  qua  non  of  justification,  but  not  its  meritorious 
ground.  Justification  is  a  finished,  work ;  sanctification  is  a  gradual 
work.  In  justification,  sins  are  pardoned;  in  sanctification,  they  are 
subdued.  Justification  is  from  guilt;  sanctification  is  from  defilement. 
//.  B.  Smith.']     Read  XI.  582. 


eg  Justification. 

No  Self- Justification  by  the  Subjects  of  Law,  through 
Deeds  required  by  the  Law. 

Job  9:2.  Can  man  be  just  with  God?  VI.  59.  Job  25:4-6.  VI. 
140.  Ps.  143:2.  In  Thy  sight  no  man  living  is  justified.  V.  462. 
Rom.  3:  20,  23.  By  the  works  of  the  law  shall  no  flesh  be  justified  in 
His  sight;  for  through  the  law  cometh  the  knowledge  of  sin.  For 
all  have  sinned,  and  fall  short  of  the  glory  of  God.  XI.  209.  Gal.  3 : 
10-12.  As  many  as  are  of  the  works  of  the  law  are  under  a  curse; 
for  it  is  written,  Cursed  is  every  one  which  continueth  not  in  all 
things  that  are  written  in  the  l)ook  of  the  law,  to  do  them.  Now 
that  no  man  is  justified  by  the  law  in  the  sight  of  God,  is  evident;  for. 
The  righteous  shall  live  by  faith ;  and  the  law  is  not  of  faith ;  but.  He 
that  doeth  them  shall  live  in  them.  XI.  399. 

God  the  Sole,  Adequate  Justifier.  Rom.  8:  34.  It  is  God  that 
justifieth;  who  is  he  that  .<hall  condemn?  Rom.  3:  26.  That  He  might 
Himself  be  just,  and  the  Justifier  of  him  that  hath  faith  in  Jesus. 

Justification  an  Act  of  Grace.  Rom.  3:24.  Being  justified 
freely  by  His  grace  through  the  redemption  that  is  in  Christ  Jesus. 
Rom.  5:20,  21.  The  law  came  in  beside,  that  the  trespass  might 
abound;  but  where  sin  abounded,  grace  did  abound  more  exceedingly; 
that,  as  sin  reigned  in  death,  even  so  might  grace  reign  through 
righteousness  unto  eternal  life  through  Jesus  Christ  our  Lord. 

Justification  is  absolute  and  free.  It  is  simply  an  act  of  grace 
which  rescues  us  at  once  and  forever  from  all  the  penalties  of  law, 
and  ensures  the  Divine  mercy  through  all  the  changes  of  our  ever- 
lasting being.  Less  than  this  would  not  be  an  adequate  expression 
of  Infinite  Love,  nor  an  adequate  exponent  of  the  value  of  Christ's 
sacrifice. 

Ground  of  Justification  Twofold. 

I.  Essential  and  Meritorious.  2.  Conditional  and  with- 
out Merit.  Like  the  other  Related  Truths  touching  Man's  Salva- 
tion, Justification  has  a  Divine  and  a  Human  Side. 

I.  The  Essential  and  Meritorious  Ground  of  Justification. 
Its  Divine  Side. 

This  is  the  Self-Sacrificial,  Atoning  Act  of  Christ  in  man's  behalf,  in- 
cluding His  Death  and  His  Resurrection.  Isa.  45:  21,  24.  25.  A  just  God 
and  a  Saviour.     Only  in  the  Lord  is  righteousness  and  strength.     In 


Justification.  59 

the  Lord  shall  all  the  seed  of  Israel  be  justified  and  shall  glory.  V^III. 
239-241.  Jer.  23:6.  The  Lord  our  Righteousness.  VIIL  505.  Isa. 
53:11.  My  righteous  servant  shall  justify  many.  VIIL  297. 

Rom.  3 :  24,  25.  Being  justified  freely  through  the  redemption 
that  is  in  Christ  Jesus.  Whom  God  set  forth  to  be  a  propitiation, 
through  faith,  by  His  blood,  to  show  His  righteousness,  because  of 
the  passing  over  of  the  sins  done  aforetime.  XL  209.  Rom.  5 :  9. 
Justified  by  His  blood.  Acts  13 :  39.  By  Him  every  one  that  believeth 
is  justified  from  all  things.  XL  97.  2  Cor.  5:21.  Him  who  knew 
no  sin  He  made  to  be  sin  on  our  behalf,  that  we  might  become  the 
righteousness  of  God  in  Him.  XL  366.  Gal.  3:11,  13.  Christ  re- 
deemed us  from  the  curse  of  the  law,  having  become  a  curse  for  us, 
as  it  is  written,  etc.  XL  399.  Rom.  5:  16-21.  XL  215.  i  Cor.  6:11. 
Justified  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

[Paul's  thought  of  God's  nature  is  that  the  love  of  God  in  effect- 
ing man's  salvation  and  in  remitting  punishment  for  sin  must  affirm 
and  maintain  its  inviolable  holiness.  This  is  done  by  affording  in 
the  work  of  Christ  a  substitute  for  punishment,  which  at  the  same 
time  meets  the  ends  of  punishment.  Thus  the  work  of  Divine  love 
which  God  wrought  in  Christ  meets  at  once  the  ends  of  the  Divine 
mercy  and  of  the  Divine  righteousness,  not  because  Christ  ac- 
complishes a  reconciliation  of  them  as  if  they  had  been  until  then  in 
antagonism,  but  because  since  they  are  in  eternal  harmony  the  Divine 
love  could  choose  and  pursue  a  mode  of  salvation  which  should  ade- 
quately reveal,  vindicate,  and  satisfy  both.  God  is  both  just  and 
Justifier,  with  no  suggestion  of  contradiction  or  inconsistency,  be- 
cause His  eternally  harmonious  moral  attributes  are  alike  operative, 
and  in  their  operation  alike  satisfied  in  the  saving  work  of  Christ. 
Stevcns-I 

Christ's  Resurrection  also  related  to  Justification.  Rom.  4 : 
25.  Raised  for  our  justification.  XL  213.  Rom.  5:  10,  11.  If  recon- 
ciled by  His  death,  much  more,  saved  by  His  life.  XL  217.  Rom.  5: 
17.  They  that  receive  the  gift  of  righteousness  shall  reign  in  life 
through  Jesus  Christ.  XL  221.  Titus  3:7.  Being  justified  we  might 
be  made  heirs  according  to  the  hope  of  eternal  life.  See  Top.  An., 
p.  451.     Stevens. 

2.  Conditional  Ground  of  Justification.     Its  Human  Side. 

This  is  Faith  in  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ;  that  is,  Personal  Trust  in 
a  Personal  God,  in  the  God-Man  as  a  Redeemer  and  Saviour,  an  Eternal 


6o  Justification, 

Deliverer  from  the  Consequences  and  from  the  Power  of  Sin,  together  with 
an  Assured  Conviction  of  the  Sufficiency  of  His  Self-Sacrifice,  and  Con- 
fident Reliance  upon  His  Redeeming  Work  for  us  and  in  us. 

This  Faith  "  is  an  acceptance,  a  renunciation  of  claim,  a  confes- 
sion of  unworthiness,  an  act  of  homage  to  God's  grace.  It  is  without 
merit,  but  not  without  excellence.  It  is  the  very  opposite  to  a  meri- 
torious claim  upon  God's  mercy;  but  there  is  an  ethical  excellence 
in  the  renunciation  of  such  claim  because  it  is  the  essence  of  the 
obedient  and  teachable  spirit." 

In  the  Old  Testament  we  find  the  statement.  Ps.  143:2.  In 
Thy  sight  no  man  living  is  justified  (or  righteous).  And  in  the  Book 
of  Job,  the  question  is  twice  asked,  once  by  Job  himself  (chap.  9:2). 
and  again  by  Bildad  (jchap.  25:4),  How  can  man  be  just  with  God? 
\T.  59.  60,  140.  And  in  one  of  the  later  Prophets  we  find  the  answer 
in  indirect  form.  The  trusting,  spiritually-minded,  far-seeing  and 
exultant  believer.  Habakkuk.  "  standing  in  his  watch  upon  the  tower," 
where  God  had  set  him,  looking  and  listening  for  the  vision  and  voice 
of  Jehovah,  is  bidden  to  record  the  vision  and  the  utterance  as  vouch- 
safed, "that  lie  may  run  that  readeth  it."  And  the  central  truth  of 
his  message  for  the  time  and  the  generations  to  come  is  this: 

The  just  shall  live  by  his  faith.  IX.  509-512.  Twice  does  Paul 
cite  and  interjiret  more  fully  these  words  of  the  Prophet.  Roin.  i-:  17. 
For  therein  (in  the  Gosn^^F*  is  revealed  a  righteousness  of  God  by 
faith  unto  faith  ;  as  it  is  written.  The  righteous  shall  live  by  faith. 
XI.  201.  Gal.  3:  II.  12.  Xow  that  no  man  is  justified  by  the  law  in 
the  sight  of  God,  is  evident;  for.  The  righteous  shall  live  by  faith; 
and  the  law  is  not  of  faith ;  but.  He  that  doeth  them  shall  live  by 
them.  XI.  399.  A  third  time  the  Prophet  is  cited  and  his  vision  re- 
ferred to:  by  the  writer  to  the  Hebrews  (loth  chap.,  37th  and  38th 
verses)  :  For  yet  a  verv  little  while.  He  that  cometh  .shall  come,  and 
shall  not  tarry.     But  the  (my)  righteous  one  shall  live  by  faith. 

The  N^ew  Testament  Epistles  abound  in  texts  and  whole  passages, 
both  affirming  and  implying  the  exercise  of  Faith  to  be  an  essential 
condition  of  the  Divine  act  of  Justification.  Rom.  3:22.  The  right- 
eousness of  God  through  faith  in  Jesus  Christ  unto  all  them  that 
believe.  V.  25.  Justified  freely  by  His  grace  through  the  redemption 
that  is  in  Christ  Jesus,  ...  a  propitiation,  through  faith,  by  His 
blood.  Rom.  4:3,  5.  Abraham  believed  God.  and  it  was  reckoned 
unto  him  for  righteousness.  To  him  that  worketh  not,  but  bclieveth 
on  Him  that  justifieth  the  ungodly,  his  faith  is  reckoned  for  righteous- 
ness.    Rom.  10:4.  For  Christ  is  the  end  of  the  law  for  righteousness 


Justification.  6r 

to  every  one  that  believeth.  Gal.  2:  16.  We  believed  on  Christ  Jesus, 
that  we  might  be  justified  by  faith  in  Christ.  Phil.  3:  9.  Not  having 
a  righteousness  of  mine  own,  even  that  which  is  of  the  law,  but  that 
which  is  through  faith  in  Christ,  the  righteousness  which  is  of  God 
by  faith.  2  Pet.  1:1:  Like  precious  faith  with  us  in  the  righteousness 
of  our  God  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  Righteousness  defined.  Top. 
An.,  p.  120. 

Effects  of  Justification  by  Faith. 

A  series  of  uplifting,  sustaining  and  satisfying  spiritual  experiences. 
Rom.  5:  1-5,  9,  II.  Being,  therefore,  justified  by  faith,  we  have  peace 
with  God  through  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ;  through  whom  also  we  have 
had  our  access  by  faith  into  this  grace  wherein  we  stand,  and  rejoice 
in  hope  of  the  glory  of  God.  We  glory  in  tribulations  also ;  knowing 
that  tribulation  worketh  patience;  and  patience,  probation;  and  proba- 
tion, hope;  and  hope  putteth  not  to  shame;  because  the  love  of  God 
hath  been  shed  abroad  in  our  hearts  through  the  Holy  Ghost  which 
was  given  unto  us.  Being  justified  by  His  blood,  we  shall  be  saved 
from  the  wrath  of  God  through  Him.  And  not  only  so,  but  we  also 
rejoice  in  God  through  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  XL  214-218.  Rom.  8: 
30,  34,  38,  39.  Whom  He  justified,  them  He  also  glorified.  It  is  God 
that  justifieth  ;  who  is  he  that  shall  condemn?  It  is  Christ  Jesus  that 
died,  yea  rather,  that  was  raised  from  the  dead,  who  is  at  the  right 
hand  of  God,  who  also  maketh  intercession  for  us.  For  I  am  per- 
suaded that  neither  death,  nor  life,  nor  angels,  nor  principalities,  nor 
things  present,  nor  things  to  come,  nor  height,  nor  depth,  nor  any 
other  creature,  shall  be  aWe  to  separate  us  from  the  love  of  God, 
which  is  in  Christ  Jesus.  XL  240-243.  i  Cor.  13:  13.  Now  abidetK 
faith,  hope,  love,  these  three.  XL  327.  i  Pet.  i  :  7,  8.  That  the  trial 
of  your  faith  might  be  found  unto  praise  and  honor  and  glory  at  the 
appearing  of  Jesus  Christ ;  in  whom  believing,  ye  rejoice  with  joy 
unspeakable  and  full  of  glory;  receiving  the  end  of  your  faith,  even 
the  salvation  of  your  souls.  XL  647. 

Evidence  or  Proof  of  Actual  Justification  found  in  the  Life 
and  Works  of  Faith.  The  Scriptural  support  of  this  truth  is 
abundantly  found  in  the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews,  and  in  the  Epistle 
of  James,  with  many  direct  and  inferential  statements  of  Paul,  Peter 
and  John.  The  Eleventh  Chapter  of  Hebrews  records,  in  briefest 
form,  the  deeds  of  many  signal  exemplars  of  the  fact,  the  force  and 
the  marvelous  effects  of  a  justifying  faith.  And  the  record  proves 
the   faith  by  the  deeds  and  suffering  endurances  of  the  life.     Abel 


^2  Justification. 

"offered  an  excellent  and  acceptable  sacrifice."  Enoch's  life  "had 
been  well-pleasing  unto  God,"  and  his  exalted  faith  and  faithful  life 
(Jude  14,  15)  was  rewarded  with  translation.  Noah  builded  the  Ark, 
in  believing  obedience  to  the  Divine  command,  and  so  "  became  heir 
of  the  righteousness  which  is  by  faith."  Abraham,  at  the  same  com- 
mand, "  went  out,  not  knowing  whither  he  went,"  "  became  a  so' 
journer  in  the  land  of  promise,  not  his  own;  for  he  looked  for  the 
City  which  hath  the  foundations,  whose  builder  and  maker  is  God." 
His  faith  was  tried  and  proved  when  he  "  offered  up  Isaac."  And 
so  we  may  follow  on  through  the  wonderful,  most  suggestive  and 
impressive  record,  including  Isaac,  Jacob,  Joseph,  Moses,  Rahab, 
Gideon,  Barah,  "  David  also  and  Samuel,  and  the  Prophets,  who 
through  faith  subdued  kingdoms,  wrought  righteousness,  obtained 
promises,  from  weakness  were  made  strong."  "And  these  all  had 
zvifiicss  home  to  them  through  their  faith,"  the  witness  or  evidence 
of  their  sublime  life-deeds  and  sufferings  to  the  vital  energy  of  their 
faith. 

James  2:  17,  22,  23.  Faith,  if  it  hath  not  works,  is  dead  in  itself. 
Faith  wrought  with  his  (Abraham's)  works,  and  by  works  v/as  faith 
made  perfect ;  and  the  Scripture  was  fulfilled  which  saith,  Abraham 
"believed  God,  and  it  was  reckoned  to  him  for  righteousness.  XI.  627, 
630.  631. 

Paul  alone  treats  this  theme  radically  and  exhaustively,  in  Ro- 
mans, chap.  3:  20-31,  and  the  entire  Fourth  and  Fifth  Chapters.  With 
the  outline  presented  here  and  on  the  pages  that  treat  of  Faith,  its 
study  ought  to  be  relieved  of  difficulty,  and  this  great  and  most  pre- 
cious truth  understood,  appreciated  and  gratefully  rejoiced  in  by  every 
right-hearted  Christian  believer.  This  theme  mastered  may  well  be 
followed  by  the  Sixth  of  Romans,  of  which  the  essential  truth  is 
sanctification.  This  again,  by  the  Seventh  Chapter,  of  which  the 
practical  teaching  concerns  the  great  soul  conflict  carried  on  through 
the  life  in  the  flesh.  The  chapter  is  replete  with  encouragement  and 
help,  because  it  discloses  the  fact  of  inward  conflict,  the  impotence  of 
our  own  unaided  effort  in  struggle,  and  the  assurance  of  needed  and 
al)unflantly  promised  Divine  aid,  to  give  us  repeated  victories  and 
final  triumph.  This  triumph  comprises  the  core  and  substance  of 
the  Apostle's  exalted  and  inspiring  utterances  in  the  Eighth  Chapter. 


Adoption.  63 


V.  ADOPTION. 

Admission,  by  gracious  Reinstatement,  to  full  rights  and  privi- 
leges of  Childship  and  Home  Fellowship  with  God. 

Relation  to  the  Law  and  to  Faith. 

Adoption,  or  Restored  Filial  Relations  with  God,  is  an  essential 
sequence,  a  vital  and  inexpressibly  precious  result  of  Justification ; 
and  it  has  a  precisely  similar  relation  to  the  Law.  Both  the  precedent 
gracious  act  of  pronouncing  free  from  guilt  and  condemnation,  and 
the  subseqlient  gracious  act  of  re-admission  to  childship  with  God, 
are  prompted  by  and  flow  from  Christ's  redeeming  Self-Offering. 
And  both  are  conditioned  upon  the  exercise  of  faith  in  and  penitent 
glad  acceptance  of  Christ.  One  affects  the  place  or  standing  of  the 
believer;  the  other  his  personal  condition  and  inmost  experiences. 
One  sets  the  believer  in  a  position  of  accepted  standing  before  the 
Law  and  of  Divine  approval.  The  other  bestows  the  result  of  that 
standing  and  approval,  a  reinstatement  of  the  justified  spirit  into  all 
the  rights  and  privileges  of  a  child  in  the  heart  and  household  of 
God.  In  thus  interpreting  the  relation  between  Law  and  Adoption, 
we  simply  give  a  full  exposition  to  two  passages,  which  elsewhere 
find  ample  support  and  confirmation :  Gal.  3 :  26  and  4:4,  5.  God  sent 
forth  His  Son,  born  of  a  woman,  born  under  the  law,  that  He  might 
redeem  them  that  were  under  the  law,  that  we  might  receive  the  adop- 
tion of  sons.  For  ye  are. all  the  children  of  God  by  faith  in  Christ 
Jesus.  John  i  :  12.  As  many  as  received  Him,  to  them  gave  He  the 
right  to  become  children  of  God,  even  to  them  that  believe  on  His 
name.  X.  62. 

By  the  Witness  and  Leading  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  Rom.  8: 
14-16.  As  many  as  are  led  by  the  Spirit  of  God,  are  the  sons  of  God. 
Ye  have  received  the  Spirit  of  adoption,  whereby  we  cry,  Abba, 
Father.  The  Spirit  beareth  witness  with  our  spirit  that  we  are  the 
children  of  God.  XL  236.  Gal.  4:4-7.  God  sent  forth  His  Son,  that 
we  might  receive  the  adoption  of  sons.  And  because  sons,  God  sent 
forth  the  Spirit  of  His  Son  into  our  hearts,  crying,  Abba,  Father.  XL 
402,  3.  I  John  3:  i,  2.  Now  are  we  the  sons  of  God.  XL  690.  Eph. 
I  :  5.  The  adoption  of  children  by  Jesus  Christ.  Gal.  3 :  26.  Ye  are 
the  children  of  God  by  faith  in  Christ  Jesus.  XL  400.  i  Pet.  i :  14. 
Obedient   children.  XL    649.     Eph.    5 :  i.  Beloved   children.  XL   435. 


64  Adoption. 

Rom.  9:26.  Called  children  of  the  living  God.  Eph.  2:19.  Of  the 
household  of  God.     Heb.  12:  7.  God  dealeth  with  you  as  with  sons. 

Lost  childship  still  recognized  by  God.     Prov.  23 :  26.  My 

son,  give  Me  thy  heart.  \'I.  T)'^^,.  Luke  15:  20-24.  His  father  saw  him, 
and  had  compassion,  and  ran  and  fell  on  his  neck  and  kissed  him. 
.  .  .  This  my  son  was  dead,  and  is  alive  again.  X.  370.  With  many 
teachings  regarding  the  process  and  results  of  genuine  conversion,  the 
Parable  mainly  emphasizes  God's  yearning  over  His  lost  child  anrl 
His  delight  in  regaining  the  child's  affection  and  fellowship. 

Childship  ensures  heirship  with  Christ.  Rom.  8 :  17.  H  children  then 
heirs  with  Christ. 

[To  the  grace  of  pardon,  and  the  grace  of  renewal,  succeeds  the 
grace  of  adoption  in  the  order  of  the  blessings  of  His  covenant; 
whereby  God  is  pleased  to  stand  to  redeemed  sinners  in  the  relation 
of  a  Father.  Goodc.  Adoption  includes  the  pardon  of  sin  and  the 
acceptance  of  our  persons  before  God,  which  are  the  constituents  of 
justification.  It  includes  the  new  birth  through  the  quickening  power 
of  the  Holy  Spirit,  which  is  regeneration.  It  includes  the  advance  in 
holiness  toward  "  the  measure  of  the  stature  of  the  fullness  of  Christ." 
which  is  sanctification.  And  finally,  it  involves  the  saint's  translation 
to  heaven,  to  take  possession  of  the  child's  inheritance,  which  is  glori- 
fication. All  therefore  that  the  word  salvation  implies  is  potentially 
included  in  the  idea  of  Adoption  ;  and  is  in  every  particular  wrought 
out  when  that  idea  comes  to  be  realized  in  its  final  results.  /?.  .1/. 
Palmer. 

There  is  no  inheritance  without  sonship.  there  is  no  sonship  with- 
out spiritual  birth,  there  is  no  spiritual  birth  without  Christ,  and  there- 
is  no  Christ  for  us  without  faith.  Maclarcn.  It  is  God's  good 
pleasure  to  give  to  those  who  were  strangers  to  His  family  and  rebels 
to  His  crown,  a  joint  heirship  with  His  only  Son.  Every  person  in 
the  Holy  Trinity  shows  His  love  to  the  child  of  God.  The  Father 
adopts;  the  Son  dies  to  purchase  our  right;  the  Holy  Spirit  witnesses 
that  we  are  children  of  God  !     Thos.  Manton.J 


Christ  One  with  tne  r>eiiever.  65 


VI.    INDWELLING    AND    ONENESS    WITH    THE 
BELIEVER. 

The  sublimest  conceptions  presented  to  human  thought  respect: 
I.  The  Being,  Character  and  Moral  Working  of  the  Self-existent, 
Self-Sufficient  God;  2.  The  immortal  nature  and  destiny  of  created 
Man ;  and  3.  The  Relation  of  God  and  Man  in  this  world  and  the 
world  to  come.  In  the  Bible,  our  only  source  of  knowledge  of  these 
high  themes,  enough  is  revealed  in  the  simple  form  of  fact  for  all  our 
spiritual  needs.  Especially,  patent  upon  all  its  pages,  lies  the  supreme 
fact  of  a  gracious  Redemption  for  enslaved  and  sinful  man,  provided 
and  proffered  through  the  voluntary  self-sacrifice  of  an  Incarnate 
God.  And  equally  patent  and  radiant  throughout  these  pages  we 
read  the  glad  fact  that  with  every  penitent  and  believing  soul  who 
humbly  and  obediently  accepts  the  proffered  grace  of  Christ  there  is 
established  by  the  Divine  Love  a  new,  abiding  and  transforming  rela- 
tion with  God  in  Christ.  The  fruit  of  this  established  relation  in 
the  soul's  experience  appears  in  its  increasing  likeness  in  character, 
its  growing  oneness  with  Christ  in  thought,  desire,  sympathy,  aim 
and  affection.  This  relation  of  close  dependence  and  fellowship  is 
indeed  vital  to  us,  since  it  takes  hold  upon  every  fiber  of  our  spiritual 
being,  directs  and  governs  our  present  life,  molds  and  matures  our 
character  for  an  ultimate  perfected  likeness  to  and  an  open  fellowsliip 
with  God.  Isa.  57:  15.  I  dwell  with  him  that  is  of  an  humble  and 
contrite  spirit.  VIII.  323,  ^24.  2  Pet.  i :  4.  Partakers  of  the  Divine 
nature.  XL  671.     Read  XI.  679. 

The  Relation  of  Christ  to  the  Believer  disclosed  in 
His  entire  Office-Work  as  Redeemer. 

The  corresponding  Relation  of  the  Believer  to  Christ  is  equally 
shown  in  the  responsive  feeling  and  action  demanded  of  the  believer 
— that  is,  the  required  response  of  faith,  repentance,  surrender,  obedi- 
ence, love  and  consecration  by  the  believer.  And  this  is  strongly 
confirmed  by  the  actual  effects  wrought  within  the  true  believer's  soul 
as  the  result  of  this  penitent  trust  and  self-devotion. 

The  Relation  of  Christ  and  the  Believer  is  illustrated 

by  several  Figures,  indicating  various  degrees  of  organic  or  vital 
connection. 

5 


66  Christ  and  Believer  One. 

1.  Building  and  Living  Stones;  Temple  of  God.  i  Pet.  2: 
4,  5.  Unto  Whom  coming,  a  Living  Stone,  ye  also,  as  living  stones, 
are  built  up  a  spiritual  house.  XI.  653.  Eph.  3 :  20-22.  Built  upon  the 
foundation,  .  .  .  Jesus  Christ  being  the  chief  corner-stone;  in 
whom  ye  are  I)uilde(l  together  for  an  habitation  of  God.  XI.  423,  424. 
I  Cor.  3:9.  Ye  are  God's  building.  XI.  289.  i  Cor.  3:  16.  Ye  are  the" 
temple  of  God.  XI.  290. 

2.  Head  and  Members,  of  Body  or  Church,  i  Cor.  12:  12, 
2^.  Ye  arc  the  l)ody  of  Christ,  and  severally  members  thereof.  XI. 
322.  Eph.  4:  16.  XI.  430.  Rom.  12:5.  We  are  one  body  in  Christ, 
and  severally  members  one  of  another,  i  Cor.  10:  17.  XI.  311.  Col. 
1 :  18,  24.  Head  of  the  body,  the  church.  XI.  470.  Col.  2 :  19.  The 
Head,  from  whom  all  the  body,  being  supplied  and  knit  together,  in- 
creaseth  with  the  increase  of  God. 

3.  Marriage  Relation.  Isa.  62:5.  As  the  bridegroom  rejoiceth 
over  the  bride,  so  shall  thy  God  rejoice  over  thee.  VIII.  360.  Jer.  3: 
14.  VIII.  411.  Eph.  5:22-33.  XI.  439,  440.  2  Cor.  11:2.  Rev.  21: 
2,  9.  As  a  bride  adorned  for  her  husband.  The  bride,  the  Lamb's 
wife.  XI.  y-j-j.  i  Cor.  6,  17.  He  that  is  joined  to  the  Lord  is  one 
spirit. 

4.  Shepherd  and  Flock.  Ps.  23:  1-4.  The  Lord  my  Shepherd. 
IV.  179-186.  Isa.  40:11.  He  shall  feed  His  flock  like  a  shepherd. 
VIII.  209.  Ezek.  34:  12-16,  23.  Behold,  I  Myself,  even  I,  will  search 
for  My  sheep,  and  Avill  seek  them  out.  He  shall  feed  them  and  be 
their  Shepherd.  IX.  149.  150.  Luke  12:32.  Fear  not,  little  flock.  X. 
197,  198.  John  10:  14,  15.  16.  I  am  the  good  Shepherd,  and  I  know 
Mine  own.  and  Mine  own  know  Me.  And  they  shall  become  one  flock. 
one  Shepherd.  X.  337-339.  Heb.  13:20.  Our  Lord  Jesus  the  great 
Shepherd  of  the  sheep,  i  Pet.  2:25.  Ye  are  now  returned  unto  the 
Shepherd  and  Bishop  of  your  souls. 

These  Figures,  replete  as  they  are  with  profound  and  uplifting 
exposition  of  the  vital  theme  under  consideration,  find  their  fullest 
emphasis  and  our  precious  theme  its  deepest,  most  expressive  and 
impressive  interpretation  in 

Our  Lord's  Marvelous  Words  in  His  Last  Discourse. 

Figure  of  the  Vine  and  its  Branches.  John  15:  i-ii.  Abide 
in  Me,  and  I  in  you.  T  am  the  Vine,  ye  are  the  branches.  He  that 
abideth  in  Me,  and  1  in  liim,  the  same  beareth  much  fruit;  for  apart 


Christ  in  the  BeHever.  67 

(severed)  from  Me  ye  can  do  nothing.  If  ye  abide  in  Me,  and  My 
words  abide  in  you,  ask  whatsoever  ye  will,  and  it  shall  be  done  unto 
you.  Even  as  the  Father  hath  loved  Me,  I  also  have  loved  you;  abide 
ye  in  My  love.  If  ye  keep  My  commandments,  ye  shall  abide  in  My 
love.  These  things  have  I  spoken  unto  you,  that  My  joy  may  be  in 
you.  X.  489-491.  John  14:20,  23.  Ye  shall  know  that  I  am  in  My 
Father,  and  ye  in  Me,  and  I  in  you.  My  Father  will  love  him,  and 
We  will  come  unto  him,  and  make  Our  abode  with  him.  X.  485. 

These  are  wonder-words,  fraught  with  a  depth,  breadth  and  in- 
tensity of  meaning  that  may  well  surcharge  the  heart  of  every  thought- 
ful, fervent,  responsive  believer  with  immeasurable  thankfulness  and 
joy.  Clearjy  and  unqualifiedly  Christ  declares  that  He  comes  into 
the  believer's  life  and  takes  the  believer  into  His  life,  and  this  abid- 
ingly, both  here  and  in  the  eternal  hereafter.  He  affirms  that  He  will 
establish  between  Himself  and  the  believer  an  indissoluble  union  or 
oneness  of  spiritual  life.  This  union  consists,  not  in  an  organic  blend- 
ing of  the  two  natures.  Divine  and  human,  but  in  such  an  identity 
and  mutual  responsiveness  of  thought,  desire,  affection  and  aim  touch- 
ing God  and  godlike  living  as  constitute  a  real  oneness  of  the  Divine 
and  human  spirit.  This  is  the  cardinal  fact,  the  blessed  truth  that 
underlies  and  vitalizes  all  other  facts  and  truths  of  die  believer's 
spiritual  experience. 

For  a  deeper  emphasis  and  larger  interpretation  of  this  sublime 
and  precious  theme,  we  cite 

Abundant  Confirmatory  Scriptures  under  Significant 
Heads. 

Christ  in  You.  John  6:  56.  I  in  him.  X.  255.  John  17:  23,  26. 
I  in  them.  X.  510,  511.  2  Cor.  13:  5.  Jesus  Christ  is  in  you.  XI.  388. 
Gal.  1:27.  To  reveal  His  Son  in  me.  XL  393.  Gal.  4:19.  Christ 
formed  in  you.  Gal.  2 :  20.  Christ  liveth  in  me.  XI.  396.  Eph.  3 :  17. 
That  Christ  may  dwell  in  your  hearts  through  faith.  XL  425.  Col.  i : 
27.  Christ  in  you  the  hope  of  glory.  XL  471.  i  John  3:  24.  We  know- 
that  He  abideth  in  us,  by  the  spirit  which  He  gave  us.  XL  694.  [To 
those  in  whom  He  dwells.  Christ  is  made  of  God,  zvisdom,  to  cure 
their  ignorance  and  folly;  righteousness,  to  abolish  their  guilt;  sancti- 
fication,  to  renew  their  natures;  and  redemption,  to  free  them  at  last 
from  the  grave,  and  bring  them  to  glory.    Bates.l 

In  Christ. 

John  6:56.  Dwelleth  in  Me.  X.  255.  Rom.  8:  l.  No  condemna- 
tion to  them  that  are  in  Christ  Jesus.  XL  232.     i   Cor.   15:22.  In 


68  Believer— In  Christ;  With  Christ. 

Christ  made  alive.  XL  334.  i  Cor.  i :  30.  Of  Him  are  ye  in  Christ 
Jesus.  XI.  283.  2  Cor.  i  :  21.  StabHsheth  us  in  Christ.  XI.  350.  2  Cor. 
2:  14.  Triumph  in  Christ.  XI.  351.  2  Cor.  5:  17.  21.  In  Christ  a  ne\^ 
creature.  That  we  might  liccome  the  righteousness  of  God  in  Hiu:. 
^I-  365,  366.  Gal.  3:  26,  28.  Ve  are  sons  of  God,  in  Christ  Jesus.  XI. 
400.  Eph.  2:  6,  10.  Created  in  Christ  Jesus.  XI.  420,  421.  Phil.  3:  9/ 
May  be  found  in  Him.  XI.  458.  Col.  2:6,  10.  Walk  in  Him,  roolc! 
and  builded  up  in  Him.  Ye  are  complete  in  Him.  XI.  473,  474.  [W'j 
are  complete  in  Him.  The  secrets  of  our  inmost  being,  the  enigmas 
of  our  destiny,  are  revealed  to  us  in  Christ  and  in  Him  alone.  As  an 
old  proverb  says,  with  a  profound  prophetic  wisdom.  The  secret  of 
man  is  the  secret  of  the  Messiah.  He  stands  alone  majestic,  yet  full 
of  love,  with  one  hand  reaching  to  the  very  heavens,  with  the  other 
laying  hold  of  our  fallen  humanity  and  raising  it  from  the  depths  of 
despair  to  the  beatitudes  of  redemption.  And  men  in  every  age  have 
scouted  every  other  deliverer;  and  men  in  every  age  have  received 
Him,  and  Him  alone,  as  the  Lord  of  their  souls.  H.  B.  Smith.']  1 
Thes.  4:  14.  Sleep  in  Jesus.  XL  492.  i  John  2:28.  Abide  in  Him. 
XL  688.  I  John  3:  24.  We  are  in  Him,  even  in  Jesus  Christ.  XL  702. 
Note  that  many  of  the  above  texts  refer  to  the  fruit  or  effects  of  the 
believer's  abiding  in  Christ — "  Saved,  sanctified,  rooted,  builded  up, 
made  perfect,  live,  walk,  work,  suffer,  sorrow  and  rejoice,  conquer, 
triumph,  sleep,  and  die,  in  Christ."  XL  488.  [Believers  are  in  Christ 
so  as  to  be  partakers  in  all  that  He  does,  and  has,  and  is.  They  died 
with  Him,  and  rose  with  Him,  and  live  with  Him,  and  in  Him  are 
seated  in  heavenly  places.  When  the  eye  of  God  looks  on  them  they 
are  found  in  Christ,  and  there  is  no  condemnation  to  those  that  are 
in  Him,  and  they  are  righteous  in  His  righteousness,  and  loved  with 
the  love  that  rests  on  Him,  and  are  sons  of  God  in  His  sonship.  and 
heirs  with  Him  of  His  inheritance,  and  are  soon  to  be  glorified  with 
Him  in  His  glory.     T.  D.  Bernard.'] 

With  Christ. 

Crucified,  Dead.  Rom.  6:4,  6,  8.  Our  old  man  was  crucified  with 
Christ.  Dead  with  Christ.  Buried  with  Christ.  XL  224.  Gal.  2:20. 
I  am  crucified  with  Christ.  XL  396.  Col.  2:20.  Died  with  Christ.  2 
Tim.  2:11.  If  we  died  with  Him,  we  shall  also  live  with  Him.  XL 
534.  Quickened  together  with  Christ.  Eph.  2:5.  When  we  were 
dead  through  our  trespasses,  quickened  us  together  with  Christ.  Col  • 
2:13.  XL  475.  2  Tim.  2:11.  If  we  died  with  Him,  we  shall  also 
live  with  Him.  XL  534.  Suffer  and  reign  with  Christ.  2  Tim.  2:12. 
If  we  suffer  with  Him,  we  shall  also  reign  with  Him.  XL  534.     i  Pet. 


Like  Christ.     Christ  our  Life.  69 

4:  13.  Rejoice,  as  partakers  of  Christ's  sufferings.  Rom.  8:17.  If 
we  suffer  with  Him,  we  may  be  glorified  with  Him.  XL  237.  Joint- 
Heirs  with  Christ.  Rom.  8 :  17.  XL  236.  Raised  and  Made  to  Sit  with 
Him  in  the  Heavenly  places.  Eph.  2  :  6.  XL  420.  Col.  3:1.  H  ye  were 
raised  together  with  Christ,  seek  the  things  that  are  above.  XL  477. 
PVitJi  Him  in  Glory.  John  14:  3.  Where  I  am  ye  may  be  also.  X.  480. 
John  17:24.  Be  with  Me  where  I  am.  X.  510.  Col.  3:4.  Ye  shall 
appear  with  Him  in  glory,  i  Thes.  5 :  10.  Died  for  us,  that  we  should 
live  together  with  Him.  XL  495. 

Like  Christ. 

Rom.  8:29.  To  be  conformed  to  the  image  of  His  Son.  XL  240, 
241.  2  Cdr.  3 :  18.  We  all,  with  vmveiled  face,  reflecting  as  a  mirror 
the  glory  of  the  Lord,  are  transformed  into  the  same  image  from 
glory  to  glory.  XL  355.  Gal.  3  :  27.  Put  on  Christ  (made  like  Christ). 
XL  400.  I  John  3 :  2.  We  shall  be  like  Him,  for  we  shall  see  Him 
as  He  is.  XL  690,  691.  Beholding  the  grace  and  beauty  of  Christ,  at- 
tracted by  Him  who  is  "altogether  lovely,"  we  are  won  to  love;  and 
loving,  we  are  constrained  to  imitate  and  so  become  like  Him. 

Christ  our  Life. 

John  1:4.  In  Him  was  life.  X.  62.  John  6:35.  I  am  the  bread 
of  life.  X.  251.  John  11:25.  I  ^"i  the  resurrection  and  the  life.  X. 
348.  John  14:  6.  I  am  the  way,  the"  truth,  and  the  life.  X.  481.  John 
6:57.  Live  because  of  Me.  John  10:  10.  I  came  that  they  may  have 
life,  and  may  have  it  abundantly.  X.  337.  John  5:40.  Ye*  will  not 
come  unto  Me,  that  ye  may  have  life.  X.  133.  Rom.  5:  10.  Saved  by 
His  life.  XL  217.  Rom.  8:2.  The  law  of  the  spirit  of  life  in  Christ 
Jesus.  XL  233.  [The  power  or  principle  which  is  implanted  in  the 
soul  by  the  life-giving  Holy  Spirit,  who  works  in  and  through  our 
fellowship  with  Christ.  Stevens.]  Gal.  2:20.  I  have  been  crucified 
with  Christ;  yet  I  live;  and  yet  no  longer  I,  but  Christ  liveth  in  me; 
and  that  life  I  now  live  in  the  flesh  I  live  in  faith,  the  faith  which  is 
in  the  Son  of  God,-  who  loved  me,  and  gave  Himself  up  for  me.  XL 
396.  Col.  3  :  3,  4.  For  ye  died,  and  your  life  is  hid  with  Christ  in  God. 
When  Chri'^t.  Who  is  our  life,  shall  be  manifested,  then  shall  ye  also 
with  Him  be  manifested  in  glory.  XL  478,  569-571.  I  John  5:  12,  20. 
He  that  hath  the  Son,  hath  the  life.  We  are  in  His  Son  Jesus  Christ. 
This  is  the  true  God,  and  eternal  life.  XL  701,  2. 

Promised  Effects  of  Abiding  in  or  Union  with  Christ. 

John  14:  3,  18,  19,  27.  I  come  again,  and  will  receive  you  innn  Myself. 


yo  Condition  of  Christ's  Abiding. 

I  will  not  leave  you  desolate,  I  come  unto  you.  Because  I  live,  ye 
shall  live  also.  My  peace  I  give  unto  you.  X.  480,  485,  487.  John  15 : 
5,  7.  He  that  abideth  in  Me  and  I  in  him,  the  same  beareth  much 
fruit.  If  ye  abide  in  Me,  and  My  words  abide  in  you,  ask  whatsoever 
ye  will,  and  it  shall  be  done  unto  you.  X.  490,  491.  Rom.  8:55-39. 
Xo  separation  from  the  love  of  Christ.  XI.  243.  i  Cor.  15:56,  57. 
Victory  over  death  and  sin.  XI.  340.  2  Cor.  12 :  9.  Christ's  grace  and 
strength  sufficient.  XI.  386.  Eph.  i  :  3.  Blessed  with  every  spiritual 
blessing.  XI.  415.  Eph.  5:  14.  Christ  shall  give  thee  light.  XI.  437. 
I  T4ies.  1 :  3.  Work  of  faith,  labor  of  love,  and  patience  of  hope  in 
our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  XI.  485.  I  Pet.  i  :  8.  The  unseen  Christ  loved, 
trusted  and  rejoiced  in.  XI.  647.  i  John  3:6.  Whosoever  abideth  in 
Him  sinneth  not.  XI.  691. 

Condition  of  Christ's  Abiding'  in  us.  John  14:21,23.  He 

that  keepeth  My  commandments.  X.  485.  John  15:  10.  If  ye  keep  My 
commandments,  ye  shall  abide  in  My  love.  X.  491.  Heb.  3:  14.  Wc 
are  partakers  of  Christ  if  wc  hold  fast,  i  John  3  :  24.  He  that  keepeth 
His  commandments  dwcllcth  in  Him,  and  He  in  him.  XI.  694. 

[To  "have  the  commandments"  of  Jesus  implies  diligent  inquiry 
and  docility.  To  "  keep  His  commandments  "  involves  the  true  spirit 
of  obedience — the  one  deep,  changeless  purpose  to  do  all  His  known 
will.  This  is  the  legitimate  evidence  of  true  love  to  Christ.  He  will 
joyfully  accept  this  evidence,  and  give  every  obedient,  loving  soul  the 
testimony  that  He  accepts  it.  .  .  .  Keeping  His  commandments 
we  come  into  most  intimate  relations  to  Him;  we  dwell  in  Him;  He 
dwells  in  us;  and  of  this  indwelling  His  Spirit,  working  in  us,  is  the 
witness.     Henry  Coivles. 

Christ  is  the  perennial  source  of  that  new  life  within,  which 
consists  in  communion  with  God,  likeness  to  God,  in  gratitude,  in  love, 
in  peace,  and  joy,  and  hope — in  trusting,  serving,  submitting  and  en- 
during. This  life  hangs  ever  and  wholly  upon  Him;  all  good  and 
gracious  affections,  every  pure  and  holy  impulse,  the  desire  and 
ability  to  be,  to  do,  to  suffer — coming  to  us  from  Him  to  whose  light 
we  bring  our  darkness,  to  whose  strength  we  bring  our  weakness,  to 
whose  sympathy  our  sorrow,  to  whose  fullness  our  emptiness.  ]Vm. 
Hanna.'] 


Regeneration.  7 1 

THE    HOLY    SPIRIT'S    REDEMPTIVE    AGENCY. 

TWO    CARDINAL    FACTS. 

I.     ACT    OF    REGENERATION,    OR    CREATION    OF 

NEW    LIFE. 

.  Terms  of  equivalent  or  kindred  meaning:  Re-creation,  Palingenesia, 
Tit.  3:5.  Born  Again,  Born  from  Above,  Born  Anew.  Gcnnethe, 
anothen,  John  3:3,  7.  Begotten  Again,  Anagennao,  i  Pet.  i :  3,  23. 
Created,  Creature,  Ktizo,  Ktisis,  Make,  Produce,  Eph.  2:  10.  2  Cor. 
5:  17.  Gal.  6:  15.  Transformed,  metamorphoo,  Rom.  12:  2.  All  these 
are  terms  of  equivalent  or  of  kindred  meaning.  Their  significance  is 
a  New  Birth  or  Creation  of  the  human  spirit  by  the  Divine  Spirit,  a 
spiritual  quickening  from  death  to  life,  a  radical  transformation  of 
spiritual  character  by  Divine  renewal,  a  restoration  to  the  lost  image 
and  likeness  of  God. 

The  Spirit  of  God,  tiie  New  Creator,  the  Sole  Regen- 
erating Agent. 

John  I  :  12,13.  To  them  gave  He  the  right  to  become  the  children 
of  God:  which  were  born  not  of  the  will  of  man,  but  of  God.  John 
3:6.  That  which  is  born  of  the  Spirit  is  spirit.  X.  88.  (See,  John  7: 
38,  39.  X.  307,  and  Ezek.^ii:  19;  36:22-27;  37:  1-14.  IX.  56,  I55-I57. 
164.)  Titus  3:  5.  Saved  us  through  the  washing  of  regeneration  and 
renewing  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  XI.  551.  Eph.  2:  10.  His  workmanship, 
created  .  .  .  unto  good  works,  i  Cor.  5 :  17.  New  creation.  XI. 
365.  Eph.  4:24.  The  new  man,  created  in  righteousness  and  holiness 
of  truth.  2  Thes.  2:  13.  Chosen  unto  salvation  through  sanctification 
of  the  Spirit.  Rom.  8:  10,  11.  The  Spirit  is  life.  XI.  235.  Eph.  2:  i, 
5.  You  hath  He  quickened  who  were  dead.  Quickened  us  together 
with  Christ,  i  Pet.  3  :  18.  Quickened  by  the  Spirit.  Ezek.  11 :  19.  IX. 
56.  Ezek.  36:26,  27.  A  new  heart  will  I  give  you,  and  a  new  spirit 
will  I  put  within  you,  etc.  IX.  155-157.  Ezek.  37:4-14.  IX.  162-165. 
Zech.  4:  6.  IX.  565.     Also  VII.  pp.  201,  496. 

The  New  Creation  is  "in  Christ  Jesus." 

Eph.  2:  10.  Created  in  Christ  Jesus.  2  Cor.  5:  17.  If  any  man 
is  in  Christ  he  is  a  new  creature.     Gal.  6:  15.  In  Christ  Jesus,  a  new 


72  Regeneration. 

creature.  XI.  413.  Rom.  8:2.  The  law  of  the  Spirit  of  life  in  Christ 
Jesus  made  me  free  from  the  law  of  sin  and  death.  John  10:  10.  I 
came  that  they  may  have  life.  Col.  3:4.  Christ  our  life.  Christ  as 
Prophet  reveals  the  love  of  God,  as  Priest  exhibits  and  impresses  it 
in  His  humiliation  and  death,  and  as  King  subdues  and  wins  the  heart 
to  responsive  trust  and  love.  John  16:13,  M-  The  Spirit  shall  not 
speak  of  Himself.     He  shall  glorify  me. 

The  Word  Employed  by  the  Spirit  as  an  Instrument 
or  Means  in  Regeneration. 

The  Word  brings  assured  Divine  testimony  and  evidence  to  in- 
form the  reason  and  impress  the  judgment.  It  presents  supremely 
desirable  objects  to  interest  and  engage  the  affections.  And  it  presses 
fitting  and  adequate  motives  to  act  effectively  upon  the  will.  All  of 
these,  the  judgments,  the  affections,  with  the  aims  and  purposes,  are 
radically  changed  in  Regeneration. 

Ps.  119:  50.  Thy  Word  hath  quickened  me.  V.  310.  Vs.  93.  With 
Thy  precepts  hast  thou  quickened  me.  James  i  :  18.  He  brought  us 
forth  by  the  Word  of  truth.  Vs.  21.  The  implanted  Word  which  is 
able  to  save  your  souls.  XI.  624.  i  Pet.  i  :  23.  Begotten  again  through 
the  Word  of  God,  which  liveth  and  abidcth.  XI.  651.  2  Cor.  3:  18.  Wc. 
with  unveiled  face  reflecting  as  in  a  mirror  the  glory  of  the  Lord,  are 
transformed  into  the  same  image  from  glory  to  glory,  even  as  from 
the  Lord  the  Spirit.     2  Thes.  2:  13,  14.  XL  502. 

Designed  Effects  of  Regeneration,  which  are  also 
Evidences  of  its  Actual  Experience. 

X'ew  Creature,  a  new  Song.  Ps.  40:3.  IV.  297.  Eph.  2:10. 
Created  unto  good  works,  i  John  2:29.  Every  one  that  doeth  right- 
eousness is  begotten  of  Him.  i  John  3 :  9,  14.  Whosoever  is  begotten 
of  God  doeth  no  sin.  We  know  that  we  have  passed  out  of  death  into 
life  because  we  love  the  brethren,  i  John  4:  7.  Every  one  that  loveth 
is  begotten  of  God.  i  John  5:1,4,  18.  Whosoever  believeth  that  Jesus 
is  the  Christ  is  begotten  of  God.  W^hosoever  is  begotten  of  God  over- 
cometh  the  world.  Whosoever  is  begotten  of  God  sinneth  not,  and 
the  evil  one  toucheth  him  not. 

Regeneration  and  Sanctification. 

One  the  beginning,  the  other  the  continuance,  progress  and  de- 
velopment of  spiritual  life.  The  same  Divine  Agent,  employing  the 
same  Instrument,  the  Truth  of  God  as  Revealed. 


Regeneration.  73 

2  Cor.  4:  16.  Our  inward  man  is  renewed  day  by  day.  Eph.  4: 
23.  Renewed  in  the  spirit  of  your  mind,  and  put  on  the  new  man. 

2  Pet.  1:4.  Through  these  (His  precious  and  exceeding  great 
promises)  ye  may  become  partakers  of  the  Divine  nature.  2  Cor.  3: 
18.  (Above)  Transformed  from  glory  to  glory.  Rom.  12:2.  Trans- 
formed by  the  renewing  of  your  mind. 

Regeneration  as  Related  to  Repentance,  or  Metanoia, 
and  Conversion. 

As  we  have  often  seen,  in  treating  these  great  and  vital  truths, 
there  is  connected  with  every  phase  of  the  Divine  acting  touching 
human  salvation,  an  essential  condition  of  demanded  responsive 
human  action.  So  is  it  in  the  process  of  Regeneration  or  Spiritual 
Transformation.  Thus  far  we  have  regarded  it  from  the  Divine  side. 
But  the  process  has  a  human  side.  It  calls  for  responsive  action  of 
the  human  subject  while  it  ensures  the  result  of  such  action  to  every 
willing  soul.  Repentance,  or  better,  Metanoia  and  Conversion,  Gr. 
Epistrophc,  as  human  acts  must  always  be  responsive  to  the  Divine 
Regeneration,  Palingenesia,  if  an  actual  spiritual  change  of  new 
creation  is  to  issue.  The  Divine  agency  is  not  irrespective  of  the 
freedom  of  the  human  subject,  but  is  exercised  in  combination  and 
liarmony  with  the  laws  of  his  rational  and  moral  constitution.  The 
man  himself  must  go  back  upon  his  previous  life-controlling  views, 
desires,  purposes  and  pursuits.  He  must  change  his  standpoint  and 
goal,  and  reverse  his  course.  This  is  the  plain,  oft-repeated  demand 
01  God:  Repent,  change  your  mind;  Be  converted.  Turn  yourselves; 
Put  away  the  old  man,  put  on  the  new ;  Be  renewed ;  Be  ye  trans- 
formed by  the  renewing  of  your  mind.  This  demand,  like  every  other 
demand  of  God,  carries  with  it  the  pledge  of  Divine  and  gracious 
strength  for  its  own  fulfillment.  But  it  must  be  accepted,  and  its 
obedience,  willingly,  gratefully,  gladly  attempted,  and  the  result  of 
Divine  Regeneration  will  be  assured. 

Regeneration  and  Faith. 

Faith  is  a  second  essential  condition,  on  the  human  side,  of  the 
Holy  Spirit's  act  in  Regeneration. 

This  leads  us  to  the  consideration  of 


74  Repentance  toward  God. 

MAN'S  CONDITIONAL  PART  IN  CONNECTION 
WITH  THE  SPIRIT'S  WORK  IN  REGENERA- 
TION. 

Note. — This   strictly   belongs   to   our   Second    Main   Division,   and   is- 
sufficiently  unfolded  in  its  place.     But  its  treatment  is  demanded  at  this 
point    for  a  complete  and   effective  exposition   of  the  vital   theme   under 
consideration. 

1.  Attention  to  and  reflection  upon  the  truth  able  to  make  wise 
unto  salvation.  Ps.  119:  59.  I  thought  upon  my  ways  and  turned  my 
feet.  V.  312.     Isa.  55:2,  3.  VIII.  301.     Heb.  2:  i.  XL  559. 

2.  Glad  reception  and  heart  belief  of  this  truth,  under  the  illumin- 
ing power  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  Acts  16:14.  Whose  heart  the  Lord 
opened  to  give  heed  unto  the  things  spoken.  XL  113. 

3.  Decision  to  surrender  mind,  heart,  and  zvill,  under  the  same 
gracious  influence.  Acts  9:  6.  What  wilt  Thou  have  me  to  do?  XL  63, 
171.     Luke  15:  17-20.  X.  370.     Acts  26:  19:  XL  171. 

4.  Coincident  with  the  choice  or  decision,  and  under  the  same 
gracious  influence,  is  the  act  of  penitent  surrender,  the  actual  change 
of  mind  or  "repentance  toward  God"  (Acts  20:21),  together  with 
"faith  tozvard  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ." 

Repentance  and  Faith  comprise  the  two  essential  con- 
ditions of  man's  own  action  that  must  precede  and  accom- 
pany the  Work  of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  man's  Regeneration. 
To  these  vital  themes  we  subjoin  full  treatment : 

I.  REPENTANCE  TOWARD  GOD,  One  essential  con- 
dition of  Regeneration. 

Two  original  words  of  the  New  Testament,  widely  diverse  in 
their  meaning,  are  translated  by  the  English  word  Repent  or  Repent- 
ance. One  word,  used  only  seven  times  and  in  verbal  form,  is 
Metameloviai.  It  signifies  "  after  care,"  i.e.,  painful  .sorrow  or  re- 
morseful regret.  As  nearly  as  possible  it  is  the  exact  equivalent  of 
the  word  Repent  or  Repentance.  Thus  Matt.  27:^.  Ju<las  {metame- 
lethcis)  repenting  himself,  i.e.,  remorsefully  regretting  his  act  of  be- 
trayal. Repentance  is  simply  re-penitence.  Penitence,  from  poena 
(pain  with  conscious  liability  to  punishment),  carries  the  idea  of  grief 
over  a  regretted  and  punishable  act.  Rc-pcnitence,  looking  again  (or 
back)    with   sorrow   for  that  which   has  been  wrong.     Metamclomai, 


Repentance — Metanoia.  75 

says  Dr.  Alex.  Roberts,  means  simply  to  rue  or  regret  a  course  that 
has  been  followed. 

But  the  common  N.  T.  word,  used  more  than  fifty  times,  is  Meta- 
noia or  Metanceo.     This  is  one  of  the  most  significant  words  of  In- 
spiration ;  one  of  immense  breadth  in  its  meaning  and  in  its  relations. 
In  its  true  significance  there  is  absolutely  no  trace  of  sorrow  or  regret, 
no  single  element  contained  in  the  word  Repentance.     Hence  its  trans- 
lation by  that  word  has  been,  from  the  first  until  now,  an  utter  mis- 
translation.    For  the  perpetuation  of  this  grave  error  the  sole  excuse 
of  the  Revisers  is  that  no  other  single  word  can  fully  or  rightly  in- 
terpret Metanoia.     Literally,  the  word  signifies   Change  of  Mind,  a 
change  in  the  trend  and  action  of  the  whole  inner  nature,  intellectual, 
affectional'and  moral,  of  the  man,  a  reversal  of  his  controlling  esti- 
mates and  judgments,  desires  and  affections,  choices  and  pursuits,  in- 
volving a  radical  revolution  in  his  supreme  life  aims,  purposes  and 
objects.     Trench  says:  "Metanoia  expresses  that  mighty  change  in 
mind,  heart  and  life  wrought  by  the  Spirit  of  God."     De  Quincey: 
"Metanoia  concealed  a  most  profound  meaning  of  prodigious  compass, 
which  bore  no  allusion  to  any  ideas  whatever  of  repentance.     . 
It  expresses  a  revolution  of  thought,  a  great  intellectual  change  in  the 
accepting  a  new  center  for  all  moral  truth  from  Christ."     Bp.  IVest- 
cott :  "The  word  describes  characteristically,  in  the  language  of  the 
New  Testament,  a  general  change  of  mind,  which  becomes  in  its  full- 
est development  an  intellectual  and  moral  regeneration."     Chalmers: 
"It  describes  that  deep  and  radical  change  whereby  a  sinner  turns 
from  the  idols  of  sin  and  self  unto  God,  and  devotes  every  movement 
of  the  inner  and  outer  man  to  the  captivity  of  His  obedience."     The 
distinctive  meaning  of  the  two  words  illustrated,  2  Cor.  7:8-10.     Vs. 
8.  I  do  not  regret  (mctamelomai).     Vs.  9.  Ye  were  made  sorry  unto 
Metanoia.     Vs.    10.  Sorrow  toward   God    (i.e.,   genuine   repentance) 
worketh   or  produceth  Metanoia  unto  salvation,   not  to  be  repented 
of  or  regretted  {amctamelcton).     XI.  372. 

This  Metanoia,  or  radical  reversal  of  life-controlling  thoughts, 
affections,  choices  and  pursuits,  one  great  theme  of  New  Testament 
preaching,  the  high  call  and  imperative  demand  of  God.  (Note 
that  this  demand,  like  all  others,  has  behind  it  God's  pledge  of  help 
and  assurance  of  success.) 

It  was  the  Only  Theme  of  the  Forerunner,  John  the  Bap- 
tist. Matt.  3 :  2.  John  came,  saying,  Change  your  whole  inner  being 
and  life  ;  for  the  kingdom  of  heaven  is  at  hand.  X.  60.  Mark  i  :  4.  John 
preached  the  baptism  of  Metanoia.     Matt.  3:8,  11.  Bring  forth  fruits 


76  Repentance^Metanoia. 

worthy  of  Metanoia.  I  baptize  with  water  unto  Metanoia,  but  He 
(Christ)  shall  baptize  you  with  the  Holy  Ghost  and  with  fire.  (Refer- 
ring to  the  "born  of  water  and  the  Spirit"  of  John  3:5.) 

It  was  the  First  Utterance  of  Christ,  according  to  Matt.  4:  17. 
Jesus  began  to  preach  and  to  say,  Take  another  mind  upon  you.  To 
this  injunction,  also  at  the  very  outset,  Christ  added  the  demand  of 
faith,  thus  summing  up  all  that  God  asks  of  man.  Mark  i  :  14,  15. 
Jesus  came  preaching  the  gospel  of  God,  and  saying.  The  time  is  ful- 
filled, and  the  Kingdom  of  God  is  at  hand.  Take  a  new  mind  upon 
you,  and  believe  in  the  gospel  (the  glad  tidings).  X.  115.  Matt.  9:  13. 
To  call  sinners  to  metanoia. 

Metanoia  Emphasized  by  the  Twelve  and  by  Christ.  Mark 
6:12.  They  went  out  preaching  that  men  should  (repent)  change 
mind  and  life.  Luke  13:3,  5.  Except  ye  change  heart  and  life,  ye 
must  peri.sh.'  Luke  15:  7.  Joy  in  heaven  over  one  sinner  that  changes 
heart  and  life.  Acts  2:38.  Change  your  mind  and  be  baptized.  XI. 
23.  Acts  17:  30.  God  commandeth  all  everywhere  to  (repent)  change 
mind  and  life.  XL  127.     2  Pet.  3  :  9.  That  all  should  come  to  metanoia. 

Metanoia  and  Faith  the  Theme  of  Paul.  Acts  20:  21.  Testify- 
ing metanoia  toward  God  and  faith  toward  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  XI. 
146.  Acts  26:20.  That  they  should  (repent)  and  turn  to  God,  doing 
works  worthy  of  metanoia.  See  X.  115.  The  Old  Testament  Gospel 
of  the  Psalmists  and  Prophets  express  the  same  demand  of  God  for 
Trust  or  Faith,  and  Turning  back  or  change  of  heart  and  life.  This 
suggests  the  close  relation  of 

Metanoia  and  Conversion. 

The  words  Convert  and  Conversion  in  the  Old  Version,  Gr., 
epistrepho,  carry  the  simple  meaning,  Turning  about  or  back,  or  Re- 
turning unto.  They  plainly  express  the  eifect  of  the  metanoia  or 
change  of  mind,  the  actual  turning  back  to  God.  The  two  are  linked. 
Acts  3:  19.  Change  your  mind  and  turn  again,  that  your  sins  may  be 
blotted  out.  XL  146.  Also,  Acts  26:20.  Should  change  your  mind 
and  turn  to  God,  doing  works  worthy  of  the  changed  mind.  The  Old 
Testament  is  in  harmony  with  the  New  as  to  the  meaning  of  both 
metanoia  and  epistrepho.  Ezek.  18:  30-32.  Make  you  a  new  heart  and 
a  new  spirit.  Turn  yourselves  and  live.  IX.  85-89.  Ezek.  14:6.  Re- 
turn ye,  and  turn  yourselves  from  your  idols.  IX.  65,  86,  7.     Read 


Repentance — Metanoia.  77 

Isa.  55 :  7,  Let  the  unrighteous  forsake  his  thoughts,  and  return  unto 
the  Lord,  and  He  will  have  mercy.  VIIL  304,  5.  Deut.  30:  i,  6,  15-20. 
IL  711-715.     Phil.  3:  XL  456. 

Metanoia  and  the  Holy  Spirit, 

the  human  and  Divine  agency.  The  always  responsive  aict  or  work 
of  the  Holy  Spirit,  imparting  needful  efificacy  to  man's  desire  and 
purpose  in  change  of  mind.  Jer.  31  :  18,  19.  Turn  Thou  me,  and  I  shall 
be  turned.  After  I  was  turned,  I  repented.  VHL  544,  5.  Ezek.  11: 
19,  20.  I  will  put  a  new  spirit  within  you.  IX.  56.  Ezek.  36:26,  27. 
A  new  heart  will  I  give  you.  IX.  155-158.  Ps.  51  :  10.  Create  in  me 
a  clean  heart  and  renew  a  right  spirit.  IV.  372.  Rom.  12:2.  Be  ye 
transformed  by  the  renewing  of  your  mind.  Eph.  4 :  23,  24.  Be  re- 
newed in  the  spirit  of  your  mind  and  put  on  the  new  man,  which,  etc. 
XL  432,  3.  2  Tim.  2:25,26.  If  God  may  give  them  metanoia  unto 
knowledge  of  truth.  2  Cor.  4:  16.  The  inward  man  is  renewed  day 
by  day.  XL  360.  In  this  connection  may  well  be  recalled  the  ancient 
Christian  prayer.  Demand  what  Thou  wilt,  but  give  what  Thou  de- 
mandest !  And  the  corresponding  fact  that  God's  call  to  any  action 
is  itself  a  prophecy  and  pledge  of  ability  for  its  performance  to  be 
given  by  Himself. 

Metanoia  and  Godly  Sorrow, 

or  Penitence  for  sin.  (Referred  to  above.)  2  Cor.  7:  10.  Godly  sor- 
row worketh  metanoia  unto  salvation.  XL  372.  Evidently  sorrow  for 
sin,  as  against  God's  autliority  and  law,  must  precede  any  change  in 
the  soul's  estimates,  feelings  and  action  with  reference  to  God,  and, 
more  than  any  other  human  cause,  lead  to  the  change.  Illiis.  Acts  2; 
37.  Pricked  in  their  heart,  cried.  Change  your  mind.  XL  23 :  IX.  605. 

Metanoia  and  Confession  of  Sin. 

Isa.  6:5.  VIIL  43,  4.  Ps.  32:5.  IV.  240,  I.  Penitent  Confession 
includes  renunciation  of  evil-doing  and  substitution  of  good.  Hos.  14: 
1-3.  IX.  378,  9.  Judges  10:6-16.  III.  229.  Jer.  18:11.  VIIL  491. 
Isa.  i:  16,  17.  VIIL  22,  3.  Jer.  4:3,  14.  IX.  416,  418.  Hos.  10:  12. 
IX.  365.  Amos  5:14,  15.  IX.  419.  Isa.  55:7.  VIIL  304,  5.  Luke 
19 :  8.  X.  400.     Luke  3  :  8.     Acts  26 :  20. 

Metanoia  and  Remission  of  Sins. 

Mark  i :  4.  Preached  the  baptism  of  metanoia  unto  remission  of 


78  Fdith. 

sins.  Luke  24:47.  Metanoia  and  remission  of  sins  should  be  preached 
in  His  name.  Acts  2:38.  XI.  2},,  24.  The  remission  of  sins  and  the 
gift  of  the  Holy  Ghost. 

Supreme  Motive  to  Metanoia. 

Rom.  2 : 4.  The  goodness  of  God  leadeth  thee  to  repentance.  XI. 
204.  5.  2  Cor.  5 :  14.  The  love  of  God  constraineth  us.  .  .  .  He 
died  for  all,  that  they  which  live  should  live  unto  Him.  XI.  364.  5. 

Signal  Illustrations  of  Metanoia. 

(i)  Adam's  fall  a  metanoia  from  holiness  to  sin,  involving  a 
calamitous  change  of  life  and  destiny  for  himself  and  his  race.  (2) 
Manasseh.  VII.  lyj.  (3)  Paul.  Acts  9:6:  XI.  62,  63.  Acts  26:  19,  20. 
I  was  not  disobedient  to  the  heavenly  vision,  but  declared  that  they 
should  repent  (change,  etc.)  and  turn  to  God,  doing  works  worthy  of 
repentance.  XI.  171. 


2.  FAITH  TOWARD  THE  LORD  JESUS  CHRIST, 
the  second  and  co-ordinate  condition  of  the  Holy  Spirit's  act 
in  Regeneration. 

Trust,  the  Old  Testament  word.  Faith  or  Belief,  the 
Word  of  New  Testament.  Comprehensively,  including  intellectual 
assent  to  revealed  truths  respecting  God  and  Redemption;  submission 
of  the  will,  or  self-commitment  and  consecration;  and  confidence  of 
the  heart  (Rom.  10:  10.  XI.  249),  or  loving  trust  in  and  leaning  upon 
God  and  His  words  of  promise.  Briefly,  Trust  in  a  Redeeming  God 
and  assured  confidence  in  His  Work  for  and  in  us.  Ps.  18:2.  Act 
and  habit  of  soul.  IV.  137.  XI.  399.  vs.  14. 

The  sole  Biblical  definition.  Heb.  11  :i.  Now  faith  is  the 
assurance  of  (the  giving  substance  io)  things  hoped  for,  the  proving 
(or  test)  of  things  not  seen.  XL  596.  For  further  uninspired  descrip- 
tion of  trust  or  faith,  see  Old  Test,  paragraphs:  Ps.  18:2.  IV.  137; 
22 :  8.  IV.  173.  Ps.  23 ;  25  :  2.  IV.  94.  .  28 :  7.  IV.  214.  31 :  19,  IV.  234. 
Ps.  32:10.  IV.  245.  34:8,  22.  IV.  253,  258.  37:3.  5.  IV.  272-275. 
40:4.  IV.  298.  55:23.  IV.  393.  56:3.  4.  IV.  395.  62:8.  IV.  418. 
112:  7.  \ .  252,  3.  Job  13:  15.  VI.  83.  Prov.  3:  5.  VI.  249.  Prov.  29: 
25.  VI.  419.  Isa.  12:2.  VIII.  82.  Isa.  26:3,  4.  VIII.  124-126.  Isa. 
50:  10.  VIII.  265,  6.  Isa.  57:  13.  VIII.  322.  Jer.  17:7,  8.  VII.  477. 
Eph.  1:12.  XL  417. 


Faith.  79 

The  Supreme  Object  of  Faith,  Christ  and  Salvation 

by  His  Grace.  Acts  i6:  31.  Believe  in  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and 
thou  shalt  be  saved.  Acts  15:  11.  We  believe  that  through  the  grace 
of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  we  shall  be  saved.  Rom.  10:4.  Christ  the 
end  of  the  law  for  righteousness  to  every  one  that  believeth.  i  John 
5:1.  Whoso  believeth  that  Jesus  is  the  Christ  is  begotten  of  God. 
2  Tim.  1 :  12.  I  know  Him  whom  I  have  believed  and  am  persuaded, 
etc.  Gal.  2.  I  live  by  the  faith  of  the  Son  of  God,  who  loved  me  and 
gave  Himself  for  me.  John  1:7.  Heb.  11:6.  i  John  4:  16.  Prov. 
3 :  26.  Faith  in  Christ  the  Key  to  Old  Testament.  2  Tim.  3:  15.  XL 
538- 

Personal  Faith  or  Trust  in  the  Saving  Christ  an  Es- 
sential Condition  of  Saving  Grace.    (Man's  part  and  act.) 

Eph.  2:8.  By  grace  are  ye  saved,  through  faith;  and  that  (salvation) 
is  the  gift  of  God.  2  Thes.  2:  13.  Chosen  to  salvation  through  sancti- 
fication  of  the  Spirit  and  belief  of  the  truth.  Passages  shov>^ing  the 
co-operation  of  God  in  help  of  man's  own  act  of  faith,  as  in  every 
spiritual  act.  Gal.  5:22.  Fruit  of  Spirit  faith.  Heb.  12:1.  Christ 
the  author  and  perfecter  of  faith.  Phil,  i :  29.  To  you  it  is  given  not 
only  to  believe  but  to  suffer.  Every  influence  and  help  God  will  im- 
part to  prompt  and  secure  faith,  except  its  direct  creation  in  the  soul, 
else  man  has  no  responsibility. 

Faith  a  Living  and  Active  Principle.     Productive  and 

Capable  of  Increase  and  Growth.  2  Cor.  4:  13.  We  believe  and  there- 
fore speak.  Gal.  5 :  6.  Faith  worketh  through  love.  XL  406.  James 
2 :  14-26.  Without  works  dead.  XL  629.  Christ  calls  it  the  work  that 
God  demands  of  man.  John  6:9.  This  is  the  work  of  God,  that  ye 
believe  on  Him  whom  He  hath  sent.  Luke  17:  5.  Increase  our  faith. 
2  Cor.  10:  15.  Your  faith  is  increased.  2  Thes.  i :  3.  Your  faith  grow- 
eth  exceedingly,  i  Thes.  1 :  10.  Perfect  what  is  lacking  in  your  faith. 
2  Tim.  1:6.  XL  529.  Differing  Measures.  Little  faith.  Matt.  6:30, 
etc.  Great  faith.  Matt  8:10.  Full  assurance  of  faith.  Heb.  10:22. 
Strong  in  faith.  Rom.  4:  20.     Mark  4:  40.     Luke  17:  6. 

Faith  must  be  unceasingly  exercised.    Heb.  3 :  14.  Hold 

our  confidence  unto  the  end.  Jude  20.  Building  up  yourselves  on  your 
faith.  Col.  1:23.  Continue  in  faith,  i  Tim.  6:11.  2  Tim.  2:22. 
Follow  faith.  Heb.  10:23.  Hold  fast  faith,  i  Cor.  16:13.  Stand 
fast  in  faith,     i  Pet.  5 : 9.  Resist,  steadfast  in  faith.     lUiis.  Col.  2 :  5. 


8o  Faith  and  Righteousness. 

Effects,  Fruits,  Final  Reward,  of  Faith.  Effects:  James 

1:3.  Workcth  patience.  XI.  617,  619.  Acts  15:9.  Purifies  the  heart. 
I  John  5:4,  5.  Overcometh  the  world.  XI.  699.  i  Pet.  i  :  5.  By  the 
power  of  God  guarded  through  faith.  XI.  647.  The  unseen  controls 
our  life.  2  Cor.  5  :  7.  We  walk  by  faith.  XI.  362.  Matt.  8:  13.  Accord- 
ing to  faith,  be  it  to  you.  Mark  9:  23.  All  things  possible  to  him  that 
believeth.  X.  285,  6.  Fruits:  Remission  of  Sins.  Acts  10:43. 
Strength.  Isa.  30:  15.  In  confidence  your  strength.  YIII.  150.  i.  Peace 
and  Joy.  Rom.  5:  i,  2;  15:  13.  i  Pet.  i  :  8.  Thankfulness,  i  Tim.  4: 
3.  Readiness  to  testify.  Ps.  116:10.  2  Cor.  4:13.  We  believe  and 
therefore  speak.  V.  267.  XL  358.  9.  I  Thes.  i  :  7.  Godly  edifying  or 
building  up  godly  character,  i  Tim.  1:4.  Jude  20.  XI.  710.  The 
Father's  love.  John  16:27.  The  Father  loveth  you  becau.se  you  have 
believed.  Promise,  Reception,  Sealing  of  the  Spirit.  Gal.  3:  14.  John 
7:39.  Eph.  i:  13.  XI.  417.  399.  Children  of  God.  John  i:  12.  Gal. 
3:26.  Ye  are  .  .  .  by  faith.  XI.  400.  Indwelling  of  Christ.  Eph. 
3:17.  Christ  in  your  hearts.  X.  425.  Christ  present  intercession. 
John  17:20.  I  pray  for  them  that  shall  believe.  Present  spiritual  life. 
Gal.  2 :  20.  I  live  by  faith  in  Son  of  God.  XI.  396.  John  7 :  38.  Re- 
ward, or  Ultimate  Result:  i  Pet.  1:5,  9.  Receiving  the  end  of  your 
faith,  even  the  salvation  of  your  souls.  XI.  648.  Heb.  10:  39.  Believe 
to  saving  of  the  soul.  XI.  595.  Heb.  6:  12.  Through  faith  inherit  the 
promises.  XI.  576.  Rom.  6:  10.  XL  224.  Heb.  4:3.  Enter  into  rest. 
John  11:26.  Never  die.     John  3:36.  Everlasting  life. 


Relations  and  Connections  of  Faith. 

With  Righteousness.  Gr.  Rightness,  Being  right.  The  word 
in  its  normal  meaning  stands  for  the  fundamental  quality  of  moral 
character,  and  includes,  in  its  ordinary  use,  absolute  correctness  and 
justness  in  all  estimates,  desires,  motives  and  choices  affecting  moral 
conduct — in  a  word,  moral  perfection.  To  man,  under  the  Law  of 
a  Divine  Creator  and  Ruler,  it  is  an  essential  element  in  securing 
favor  and  an  acceptable  standing. 

But  in  this  meaning,  since  the  sin  of  man  there  has  been  no 
righteousness  exemplified  on  the  earth.  The  one  testimony  of  God 
in  His  entire  W^ord  is,  that  there  is  none  rigliteons. 

Special  Scriptural  Use  and  Gracious  Meaning. 
In  place  of  man's  own  righteousness,  and  because  of  his  unright- 
eousness or  sin,  the  grace  of  God  has  provided  and  proffered  a  "  right- 


Faith  and  Righteousness.  8i 

eousness  which  is  of  faith,"'  "  the  righteousness  of  God  through  faith 
in  Jesus  Christ  unto  all  them  that  believe,"  Rom.  3 :  20-26.  Romans 
4:3-8,  22-25.     5:15-21.     10:4-10.     Also  XL  199. 

The  righteousness  requisite  for  an  accepted  standing  before  God 
and  His  Law  is  not  therefore  righteousness  in  its  normal  sense  of 
moral  perfection,  for  this  no  man  has  wherewith  to  offer,  but  it  is  a 
substituted  state  of  gracious  acceptance  and  of  treatment  as  though 
always  righteous  on  account  of  the  sacrificial  self-offering  for  man's 
sin  of  the  Incarnate  Son  of  God,  into  which  state  the  believing  and 
penitent  transgressor  is  admitted.  The  full  and  simple  explanation 
we  read  in  the  wonderful  words  of  2  Cor.  5:21.  Him  who  knew  no 
sin  He  made  to  be  sin  on  our  behalf,  that  we  might  become  the  right- 
eousness of  'God  in  Him.  Also,  i  Cor.  i :  30.  Christ  Jesus  was  made 
unto  us  righteousness.  Phil.  3 : 9.  That  I  may  gain  Christ,  and  be 
found  in  Him,  not  having  a  righteousness  of  mine  own,  even  that 
which  is  of  the  law,  but  that  which  is  through  faith  in  Christ,  the 
righteousness  which  is  of  God  by  faith.  Matt.  6:  31.  Ps.  24:  5.  Jer. 
23:6.  VHL  505.    Isa.  45:24.  VHL  241.     Isa.  32:17,  18.  VHL  159. 

In  other  words:  Righteousness  expresses  the  condition  of  one 
who  stands  accepted  by  the  perfect  Law,  and  is  therefore  approved 
of  God.  This  condition  or  standing  is  attained,  either  by  exactly 
meeting  the  Law's  demands,  or  by  the  reckoning  of  such  perfect 
obedience  on  account  of  the  sacrificial  self-offering  of  the  Incarnate 
Son  of  God,  accepted  and  trusted  in  by  the  penitent  transgressor. 
Thus  the  whole  Scripture  discriminates  between  "  the  righteousness 
which  is  of  the  Law,"  and  "  the  righteousness  which  is  of*  faith." 
Paul,  who  most  fully  disclgses  and  most  clearly  interprets  this  great 
theme,  cites  Moses  as  saying  in  reference  to  the  former  (Rom.  10:  5), 
The  man  who  doeth  these  things  (who  perfectly  keeps  God's  com- 
mandments) shall  live  by  them.  So  Christ,  ISIatt.  19:  17,  If  thou  wilt 
enter  into  life,  keep  the  commandments.  But  Paul  quotes  the  asser- 
tion of  many  who  wrote  before  him,  Rom.  5 :  9-20.  There  is  none  right- 
eous; all  are  gone  out  of  the  way.  And  he  concludes  (vs.  20).  There- 
fore by  the  deeds  of  the  law  shall  no  flesh  be  justified  in  His  sight. 
Hence  it  is  that  the  great  and  central  theme  of  the  Scripture  is  '"  the 
righteousness  which  is  of  faith,"  and  upon  the  pages  of  Old  and  New 
Testament,  in  manifold  forms  of  announcement,  appears  the  supreme 
and  vital  connection  of  Faith. 

We  add  a  single  practical  point : 

The   Righteousness   of   Faith   involves   righteousness  in   daily   living. 
The  Righteousness  thus  provided  by  Christ's  suffering  and  death,  and 
6 


82  Faith  and  Justification. 

reckoned  to  the  account  of  the  believing  penitent,  is  provided  and 
reckoned  only  to  those  who  desire  and  aim  and,  to  the  utmost,  en- 
deavor to  realise  a  true  and  complete  righteousness  in  daily  living. 
Peter  says,  His  own  Self  bare  our  sins  in  His  body  upon  the  tree, 
that  we,  having  died  unto  sins,  might  live  unto  righteousness  (i  Pet. 
2:25).  Hence  the  injunction  of  the  Prophet:  Hosea  10:  12.  Sow  to. 
yourselves  in  righteousness.  IX.  365-367.  Zeph.  2 :  3.  Seek  righteous- 
ness. Prov.  21 :  21.  He  that  followeth  after  righteousness  shall  find 
righteousness.  Matt.  5:6.  Blessed  are  they  that  hunger  and  thirst 
after  righteousness,  for  they  shall  be  filled. 

Faith  and  Justification. 

Specially  should  we  note  Paul's  large  treatment,  with  many  Old 
Testament  citations,  of  the  Righteousness  which  is  of  Faith,  and  the 
Justification  by  God  of  the  Believer,  to  whom  that  Righteousness  is 
accounted.  Rom.  8:  33.  It  is  God  that  justifieth.  Titus  3:  7.  Justified 
by  His  grace.  Rom.  5:  i.  XI.  215.  Heb.  8:  12.  XL  584.  Also  Gen. 
15:6.  I.  322. 

Comprehensive  Statement  of  the  Great  and  Vital  Truth. 

Rom.  I  :  17.  {Rev.  Vers.)  For  therein  (in  the  Gospel)  is  revealed 
a  righteousness  of  God  by  (from)  faith  unto  faith;  as  it  is  written 
(Hab.  2:4.  IX.  509-511)  :  The  righteous  shall  live  by  (from)  faith. 
XI.  201.  Also  cited,  Gal.  3:  II.  XI.  399.  Heb.  10:38.  Job  9:  2 125: 
4.  VI.  59-140. 

Passages  and  Texts  in  detail. 

Rom.  3:21-26.  Vs.  22.  The  righteousness  of  God  through  faith 
in  Jesus  Christ  unto  all  them  that  believe.  Vs.  24-26.  Being  jus- 
tified freely  by  His  grace  through  the  redemption  that  is  in  Christ 
Jesus;  whom  God  set  forth  (purposed)  to  be  a  propitiation,  through 
faith,  by  His  blood,  to  shew  His  righteousness;  .  .  .  that  Ik- 
might  Himself  be  just,  and  the  Justifier  of  him  that  hntli  failh  in 
Jesus.  XI.  209.  [Paraphrase:  "We  arc  to  be  justified,  regarded  and 
treated  as  holy,  provision  is  made  for  our  deliverance  from  sin,  we  can 
be  forgiven,  renewed,  and  made  perfect  in  holiness,  freely,  not  as 
something  to  which  we  can  lay  claim  by  purely  personal  merit.  We 
are  utterly  dependent  upon  grace,  upon  the  voluntary,  undeserved, 
self-moved  compassion  of  God.  That  compassion  has  taken  form  in 
the  redeeming  act  of  Christ  Jesus,  which  redeeming  act  consisted  in 
our  Lord's  sacrifice  of  Himself  unto  death,  the  power  of  which  we 


Faith  and  Justification.  83 

appropriate  by  simple  faith:  which  redeeming  act  Gcxl  had  in  mind 
or  purposed  from  all  eternity  as  a  means  of  giving  force  to  His  re- 
deeming mercy  (propitiation).  That  which  has  taken  place  in  time 
was  freely  determined  from  everlasting.  But  God's  eternal  way  of 
dealing  with  men,  and  saving  them  from  sin,  has  now  been  shown 
in  act,  it  has  been  clearly  and  unanswerably  made  manifest.  In  the 
light  of  that  act,  giving  force  to  God's  redeeming  mercy,  we  can  now 
understand  the  riddle  of  God's  past  treatment  of  a  wicked  world, 
when  His  forbearance  had  the  appearance  of  indifference  to  the  sins 
of  men ;  and  in  the  light  of  this  act  it  is  also  clearly  seen  that  in 
saving  him  who  believes  in  Jesus,  God  is  dealing  righteously."  A.  J. 
F.  Bchrcnds.']  Rom.  4:3,  9,  13,  20-25.  Vs.  3.  Abraham  believed  God, 
and  it  was  ccJunted  unto  him  for  righteousness.  (See  Gen.  15:  16.  I. 
322,  3,  328,  340).  Vs.  9.  His  faith  was  reckoned  for  righteousness. 
Vs.  23-25.  Now  it  was  not  written  for  his  sake  alone,  that  it  was  reck- 
oned unto  him;  but  for  our  sake  also,  who  believe  on  Him  that  raised 
Jesus  our  Lord  from  the  dead,  who  was  delivered  up  for  our  tres- 
passes, and  was  raised  for  our  justification.  XI.  212,  213.  Gal.  3:6- 
12.  XL  399.  Rom.  4:  5-8.  To  him  that  worketh  not,  but  believeth  on 
Him  that  justifieth  the  ungodly,  his  faith  is  reckoned  for  righteous- 
ness. Even  as  David  also  pronounceth  blessing  upon  the  man  unto 
whom  God  reckoneth  righteousness  apart  from  works,  "  Blessed  is 
the  man  to  whom  the  Lord  will  not  reckon  sin.  Rom.  5:  i,  16-19. 
XL  215.  Rom.  8:33;  9:30;  10:4,  10.  For  Christ  is  the  end  of  the 
law  unto  righteousness  to  every  one  that  believeth.  With  heart  man 
believeth  unto  righteousness.  XL  249,  250.  Rom.  8:  i.  Now  no  con- 
demnation to  them  that  are  iji  Christ  Jesus.  XL  232. 

Confirmatory  and  Connected  Statc.nents. 

Isa.  45:24.  In  the  Lord  shall  be  justified.  VIII.  241.  Jer.  23:6. 
The  Lord  our  righteousness.  VIII.  241.  Isa.  53:11.  My  righteous 
servant  shall  justify  many.  VIII.  286,  7.  Isa.  54:  17.  Righteousness 
which  is  of  Me.  VIII.  297.  Micah  7 :  7-9.  I  shall  behold  His  right- 
eousness. IX.  489.  Acts  13:39.  By  Him  every  one  that  believeth  is 
justified  from  all  things.  XL  97.  i  Cor.  i :  30.  Christ  made  righteous- 
ness. XL  283.  2  Cor.  5:21.  Him  who  knew  no  sin  He  made  to  be 
sin  on  our  behalf,  that  we  might  become  the  righteousness  of  God 
in  Him.  XL  366.  Gal.  3:  il.  13.  Christ  redeemed  us  from  the  curse 
of  the  law,  having  become  a  curse  for  us,  for  it  is  written,  etc.  XL 
399.  Gal.  2:  16.  Not  justified  by  works  of  law,  but  only  through  faith 
in  Jesus  Christ.  Phil.  3:9.  That  I  may  gain  Christ,  and  be  found 
Ml  Him,  not  having  a  righteousness  of  my  own,  but  that  which   is 


84  Relations  of  Faith. 

through  faith  in  Christ,  the  righteousness  which  is  of  God  by  faith. 
XI.  458.  2  Pet.  I :  I.  Like  precious  faith  with  us  in  the  righteousness 
of  our  God  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  Heb.  11:7.  Xoah  (named 
with  Abraham),  heir  of  the  righteousness  which  is  by  faith.  Matt.  6: 
33.  Seek  first  His  kingdom  and  His  righteousness. 

Fruits  of  Justification  by  Faith, 

Rom.  5:11.  Peace,  Access,  Hope.  T.ove  of  God  in  the  heart, 
Saved  from  wrath,  Joy  in  God.  XI.  214-218.  The  abiding  Trinity  of 
Spiritual  Graces,  i  Cor.  13:  13.  Faith,  Hope,  Love.  XI.  12"].  Glory. 
Rom.  8 :  30. 

Christian  Virtues  to  be  Associated  with  Faith. 

2  Pet.  1:5:7.  Add  to  faith  virtue  (energy),  knowledge  (practical 
wisdom),  temperance  (self-control),  brotherly  kindness,  love  (uni- 
versal charity).  XI.  671,  2.  Here  faith  is  the  foimdation  and  vital 
support,  and  these  virtues  the  superstructure  of  the  Life-Building  of 
Christian  character. 

Faith  and  the  Word:  John  20:31.  i  John  5:13.  Written 
that  ye  might  believe.  X.  588.  Rom.  i :  16,  17.  Power  of  God  to  sal- 
vation to  every  one  that  believeth.  2  Tim.  3:  15.  Able  to  make  wise 
unto  salvation  through  faith.  XI.  538.  i  Thes.  2:13.  Effectually 
worketh  in  you  that  believe.  Rom.  10:  17.  Faith  cometh  from  hear- 
ing .  .  .  the  word  of  God.  2  Thes.  2:  13.  Chosen  through  sanc- 
tification  of  spirit  and  belief  of  truth.  XI.  502.  Heb.  4:  2.  Word  not 
profit  because  not  believed.  2  Thes.  2:  12.  Condemned  who  believed 
not  the  truth.  Rom.  16:  26.  Made  known  to  all  nations  for  the  obedi- 
ence of  faith.     Read  Faith  and  Revelation.  XI.  819. 

Faith  and  Prayer:  Mark  u  :  2i.  l\Tatt.  21  :  22.  All  things  ye 
ask  in  prayer,  believing,  ye  shall  receive.  X.  416.  James  1:6.  Ask 
in  faith.  XI.  620.  James  5:  15.  XI.  641.  Eph.  3:  12.  Boldness  and 
access  with  confidence  by  faith  in  Him.  XI.  425.  Rom.  5 :  2.  Mark 
9:24.  I  believe,  help  my  unbelief,  i  John  5:  14.  Heb.  10:  22.  Draw 
near  in  fullness  of  faith.  XI.  593. 

Faith  8.nd  Trial:  James  1:3.  Trial  of  your  faith  worketh 
patience.  XI.  617,  619.  i  Pet.  1:7.  Trial  of  faith,  though  with  fire, 
might  be  found  unto  praise  and  honor  and  glory.  XI.  647.     John  11  : 


Relations  of  Faith.  85 

15;  13:  19;  14:29;  19:35.     Came  to  pass  that  ye  may  believe.  Ps.  37: 

5.  IV.  274,  5.     Job  13 :  5. 

Faith  and  Work  or  Works:  Ps.  37:3,  272.    James  2:14- 

26.  Faith  wrought  with  works,  and  by  works  was  faith  made  per- 
fect. Faith  without  works  is  dead.  XI.  629-631.  So  Paul  counts  only 
as  saving  the  "  faith  which  worketh  by  love."  Gal.  5 :  6.  XI.  406.  I 
Thes.  1:3.  Work  of  faith.  XI.  485.  2  Thes.  i:ii.  Work  of  faith 
with  power.  XI.  499.  i  Tim.  6:11,  12.  Follow  after  faith,  etc.  Fight 
the  good  fight  of  faith.  XI.  523,  526.  Rom.  16:  26.  For  the  obedience 
of  faith.  XI.  275.  Faith's  place  and  office  in  the  Christian's  armor: 
Eph.  6:  16.  Shield,  i  Thes.  5  :  8.  Breast-plate  of  faith  and  love.  Note 
that  Faith  has  no  relation  to  the  works  of  the  Law.  It  demands,  and 
proves  its  own  existence  and  vital  power,  by  bringing  forth  its  own 
appropriate  works.     Paul  and  James  agree. 

Faith  and  Repentance.  Two  Topics  of  New  Testament 
Preaching;  vital  conditions  on  man's  part  of  salvation.  Acts  20:21. 
Testifying  to  Jews  and  Greeks  repentance  toward  God,  and  faith  to- 
w-ard  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  Mark  i :  14,  15.  Jesus  came  into  Galilee 
preaching  the  gospel,  and  saying.  Repent  ye  and  believe  the  gospel. 

Faith  and  Obedience.  Obedience  is  an  essential  element  in 
the  exercise  and  manifestation  of  Faith  or  Trust.  Paul  speaks,  Rom. 
16:26,  of  "the  obedience  of  faith."  Matt.  7:21.  Not  every  one  that 
saith  unto  Me,  Lord,  Lord^  shall  enter  into  the  kingdom  of  heaven, 
but  he  that  doeth  the  will  of  My  Father.  Vs.  24,  25.  James  2 :  26. 
Faith  apart  from  works  is  dead.  Faith  begets  love.  Love  begets 
obedience.     Obedience  begets  Christ-likeness. 

Faith  and  Temptation.  James  i :  2,  3.  Count  it  all  joy  when 
ye  fall  (not  run  or  enter  willfully)  into  manifold  temptations;  know- 
ing that  the  proof  of  your  faith  worketh  patience.  XI.  619.     i  Pet.  i : 

6,  7.  If  need  be,  ye  have  been  put  to  grief  in  manifold  temptations, 
that  the  proof  of  your  faith  might  be  found  unto  praise.  XI.  646,  647. 
Luke  22:31,  32.  Simon,  Satan  asked  to  have  you,  that  he  might  sift 
you ;  but  I  made  supplication  for  thee,  that  thy  faith  fail  not. 

Faith  and  Grace,  and  Salvation.   Eph.  2: 8.  By  grace  are 

ye  saved  through  faith.  XI.  420.  Heb.  10:39.  Of  them  that  believe 
to  the  saving  of  the  soul.  XL  595.     Gal.  3 :  14.  Through  Christ  we 


86  Relations  of  Faith. 

receive  the  promise  of  the  Spirit  through  faith.  XI.  399.     John  3:  15, 
36,  etc. 

Faith  and  Adoption,  justification  and  Adoption  are  the  two 
Law-Relations  connected  with  our  redemption.  Our  introduction  into 
both  is  by  faith,  as  an  essential  condition  on  our  part.  As  our  con- 
demnation is  removed  (Rom.  8:1)  so  our  rights  and  privileges  oi 
Childship  are  restored,  and  by  the  same  exercise  of  trust  in  Christ. 
John:  1-12.  As  many  as  received  Him  (Christ)  to  them  gave  He  the 
right  to  become  children  of  God,  even  to  them  that  believe  on  His 
name.  X.  62.  Rom.  8:  14-16.  As  many  as  are  led  by  the  Spirit  of 
God,  they  are  the  sons  of  God.  XI.  2'j6. 

Faith  and  Sanctification.  Acts  26 :  i8.  Them  that  are  sanc- 
tified by  faith  in  Mc.  XI.  171.  Xot  only  Justification  and  Adoption 
demand  faith  in  the  Divine  Justifier  and  Father,  but  all  accompanying 
spiritual  blessings  are  conditioned  upon  the  exercise  of  faith,  em- 
phatically the  Renewing  and  Refining  work  of  the  Holy  Spirit  which 
we  call  Sanctification. 

Faith  the  Ally  of  Hope  and  Love.  The  Trinity  of  Abid- 
ing Graces:  i  Cor.  13:13.  But  now  abidelh  faith,  hope,  love,  these 
three;  and  the  greatest  of  these  is  love.  XI.  Gal.  5:  Faith  worketh 
through  love.  XI.  406.  i  Thes.  i  :  3.  Remembering  your  work  of 
faith  and  labor  of  love  and  patience  of  hope  in  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 
XI.  484.  The  alliance  of  hope,  faith,  love  and  joy,  and  the  issue  in 
salvation :  i  Pet.  i  :  3-9.  XI.  645-648. 

Faith  and  Reason,  i  Pet.  3:  15.  Be  ready  always  to  give  a 
reason  concerning  the  hope  that  is  in  you.  XI.  659.  2  Tim.  i  :  13. 
Hold  fast  the  pattern  of  sound  words,  in  faith  and  love  which  is  in 
Christ  Je.sus.  Jude  3.  Contend  earnestly  for  the  faith.  XI.  769.  The 
reasonableness  of  faith  and  the  reasons  for  its  exercise  form  the  basis 
of  every  appeal  for  faith  in  the  Old  Testament  and  New.  Upon  t!ie 
sufficiency  of  these  reasons  rests  the  obligation  of  our  faith,  and  the 
consequent  responsibility  for  neglect  and  failure  to  heed  the  Divine 
demand  of  trust  in  God. 

Faith  and  Sight.  Faith  in  the  unseen  Christ:  John  20:29. 
Blessed  arc  they  who  have  not  seen,  yet  have  believed.  X.  574.     i  Pet. 


Relations  of  Faith.  87 

1 :  8.  Whom  having  not  seen  ye  love.  2  Cor.  5 :  7.  For  we  walk  by 
faith,  not  by  sight.  XI.  362. 

Faith  and  the  Life  in  Christ.   Gal.  2: 19,  20.  For  i  through 

law  died  to  law,  that  I  might  live  unto  God.  I  have  been  crucified 
with  Christ,  yet  I  live;  and  yet  no  longer  I,  but  Christ  liveth  in  me: 
and  that  life  which  I  now  live  in  the  flesh  I  live  in  faith,  the  faith 
which  is  in  the  Son  of  God,  Who  loved  me  and  gave  Himself  up  for 
me.  XI.  396. 

Faith  and  Dying.  John  n  :  25,  26.  He  that  believeth  on  Me, 
though  he  xlie,  yet  shall  he  live;  and  whosoever  liveth  and  believeth 
on  Me  shall  never  die.  X.  348,  349.  Heb.  11  :  13,  14,  16,  33,  35,  37,  39. 
These  all  died  in  faith.  Others  were  beaten  to  death,  not  accepting 
their  deliverance,  that  they  might  obtain  a  better  resurrection.  XL 
599-602.  Of  the  believer  it  is  said:  Prov.  14:32.  Hath  hope  in  his 
death.  VI.  327.     i  Cor.  3:22.  Death  is  yours.  XI.  291. 

Faith  and  the  Resurrection.    John  6:40.  Every  one  that 

believeth  on  the  Son  should  have  eternal  life;  and  I  will  raise  him  up 
at  the  last  day.  X.  252.     John  14:  19.  Because  I  live  ye  shall  live  also. 

X.  485.  I  Thes.  4:  14,  17.  If  we  believe  that  Jesus  died  and  rose 
again  even  so  them  that  are  fallen  asleep  in  Jesus  will  God  bring  with 
Him.  XI.  492,  493.  Phil.  3:21.  Who  shall  fashion  anew  the  body 
of  our  humiliation,  that  it  may  be  conformed  to  the  body  of  His  glory, 

XI.  461.     Rom.  8:  23.     Redemption  of  the  body.  XI.  238. 

Faith  the  Essential  Condition  of  Christ's  Works  of  Heal- 
ing and  Help. 

Luke  5:20.  Saw  their  faith.  X.  124.  ]\Iark  6:5.  X.  232.  Matt. 
15:28.  Great  is  thy  faith,  for  this  be  it  unto  thee  even  as  thou  wilt.. 
X.  261,  263.     Mark  9:23.  X.  285.     Acts  3:6,  16.  XL  27,  28. 

Christ's  One  Command  and  Pleading. 

John  14:  I.  Trust  Me.  X.  480.  Mark  5:36.  Only  believe.  John 
20 :  27.  Be  not  faithless,  but  believing.  Luke  24 :  25.  Slow  of  heart  to 
believe.  Everywhere  He  asks  for  loving  heart-trust  in  Him,  not  mere 
belief  in  any  statenaent  of  doctrine  concerning  Him. 

Examples  of  Faith.  Heb.  ii:/i-tt.  17-31.  Abel,  Enoch.  Noah, 
Abraham,  Moses.     I.  575-578,  635.     Rahab.  III.  45»  62-64,  XL  596- 


88  Relations  of  Faith. 

602.  David.  III.  306.  Elijah  and  the  Widow,  VII.  96,  99,  108,  also 
295.  Dan.  3:17,  18.  IX.  248.  Dan.  6:23.  IX.  268,  9.  Stephen. 
Acts  6:  5,  and  many  more,     i  Cor.  5:6.     2  Tim.  i  :  12. 

Facts  the  Foundation  of  Faith, 

and  the  ground  of  God's  appeal  to  men.  The  Psalmists  said,  "  Come 
and  hear  what  God  hath  done,"  "Taste  and  see  that  the  Lord  is 
gracious."  Christ  said  to  first  inquirers,  "  Come  and  see."  He  an- 
swered John's  inquiry  by  pointing  to  His  works,  and  His  last  plea 
with  the  disciples  was,  Believe  me  for  the  works'  sake.  "  Things  hoped 
for,  things  not  seen,"  the  basis  of  the  definition  of  faith.  Heb.  11:  i. 

Philosophy  and  Faith. 

The  problems  of  the  union  of  the  finite  with  the  infinite,  of  the 
reconciliation  of  a  holy  God  with  a  sinful  race,  and  of  our  personal  and 
immortal  destiny,  which  philosophy  can  only  state,  the  Christian  sys- 
tem solves.  The  full  perception  and  conviction  of  this  great  fact 
about  Christianity  would  end,  and  this  alone  can  terminate,  the  un- 
natural war  between  philosophy  and  faith;  for  philosophy  and  faith 
are  set  at  variance  only  by  sin,  and  kept  in  discord  only  from  not 
seeing  Christ  as  he  is!  Philosophy  and  faith!  both  are  from  God; 
the  one  may  descry  the  end,  and  the  other  gives  11s  the  means;  the 
one  states  the  problems  which  the  other  solves ;  philosophy  shows  us 
the  labyrinth,  and  Christ  gives  us  the  clew;  the  former  recognizes  the 
necessity  of  redemption,  the  latter  gives  us  the  redemption  itself.  The 
two  at  variance !  When  every  Christian  knows,  what  one  has  said, 
that  "  when  we  speak  the  language  of  the  Bible,  we  speak  our  mother 
tongue";  at  variance!  only  when  philosophy  goes  "sounding  on  its 
dim  and  perilous  way,"  averting  the  heart  from  him  who  of  God  is 
made  unto  us  wisdom,  as  well  as,  and  because,  righteousness  and  re- 
demption; at  variance !  only  as  the  light  of  the  sun  is  at  variance  with 
the  heat  of  the  sun,  or  as  the  light  and  heat  of  the  great  ruler  of  the 
day  are  at  variance  with  the  lesser  lights  that  rule  the  night ;  at  vari- 
ance!  only  as  redemption  is  at  variance  with  sin,  eternity  with  time, 
the  incarnation  with  creation,  and  the  God  of  grace  with  the  God  of 
justice;  at  variance!  ever  and  only  as  the  solution  of  a  problem  is  at 
variance  with  the  problem  itself:  since  all  that  Christ  proposes  and 
(loos  is  to  solve,  in  a  practical,  living  method,  the  absorbing  problem  of 
the  relation  of  man  to  God  and  of  sin  to  redemption.  For  thi"^  end  was 
he  ])orn,  and  for  ibis  cause  came  lie  into  the  world,  that  he  might  be  the 
King  of  the  eternal  truth.     H.  B.  Smith. 


Sanctification.  89 


2.  PROCESS  OF  SANCTIFICATION,  OR  DAILY  RE- 
NEWAL OF  SPIRITUAL  LIFE.  SECOND  CARDI- 
NAL FACT  OF  THE  HOLY  SPIRIT'S  AGENCY. 

A  preliminary  thought  touching  the 

Continuity  of  the  Renewing  or  Sanctifying  Process.  Here 
also  are  the  same  Agents  and  methods  of  action,  the  same  demand  of 
God  to  "  work  out  our  own  salvation,"  "  to  keep  ourselves  in  the  love 
of  God"  (Jude  21),  and  the  same  sure  pledge  that  "  God  worketh  in 
us  to  will  and  to  do,"  Phil.  2:  12;  that  He  will  "  shed  abroad  His  love 
in  our  hearts  by  the  Holy  Spirit."  Rom.  5 :  5.  Here  also  the  same 
means,  the  Word  of  truth,  through  which  we  are  sanctified.  To  the 
Word  may  be  added  the  ordinances  of  worship,  the  opportunities  of 
fellowship,  and  effects  of  service,  which  pertain  to  the  new  Christian 
Life.  Worship,  Fellowship  and  Work,  like  the  truths  and  promises 
of  the  Word,  not  only  bring  privilege  and  blessing,  but  in  their  daily 
practice  are  eminent  means  of  spiritual  growth,  progress  and  efficiency, 
by  stimulating  all  high  and  holy  desires,  affections  and  aims  to  more 
vigorous  and  fruitful  exercise  and  to  larsrer  results.  Furthermore, 
we  know  that  spiritual  life,  like  all  other,  is  dependent  upon  its  own 
unceasing  energy  and  productiveness.     Jas.  2:  26.    Matt.  7:  16;  21 :  20. 

Sanctification. 

Gr.  Agiazo,  Agiasmos,  Setting  apart.  Separation.  For  God's  in- 
habitation, control  and  service.  Regeneration  is  the  Divine  implant- 
ing of  a  new  spiritual  life.  Sanctification  is  the  Divine  continuance, 
increase  and  development  of  the  new  life,  in  face  of  the  persistent 
resistance  of  the  previously  controlling  old,  self-seeking  and  self-in- 
dulging nature.  The  former  is  an  act  of  the  Divine  Spirit;  the  latter 
a  process  carried  on  through  life,  and  perfected  thereafter.  [Justifi- 
cation is  a  finished  work.  Sanctification  is  a  gradual  work.  In  Justi- 
fication sins  are  pardoned ;  in  Sanctification  they  are  subdued.  Justi- 
fication is  from  guilt;  Sanctification  is  from  defilement.  H.  B.  Smith.'] 
Also  XI.  582.     Goode. 

Other  Scriptural  terms,  partially  equivalent  or  closely  re- 
lated : 

Renewing.  Heh.  Chadcsh,  Repair.  Ps.  51  :  10.  Renew  a  right 
spirit  within  me.  Heh.  Chalaph,  Change,  Pass  on.  Isa.  40:3.  They 
that  wait  upon  the  Lord  shall  renew  their  strength.     Gr.  Anakainoo, 


go  Sanctification. 

Ananeoomai,  Make  new  again,  Renczv  again.  2  Cor.  4:  16.  Our  in- 
ward man  is  renewed  day  by  day.     Eph.  4:  23.     Col.  3:  10. 

Transformation.  Rom.  12:2.  Transformed  by  the  renewing  of 
your  mind.     2  Cor.  3 :  18.  Transformed  from  glory  to  glory. 

Perfecting,  Perfection.  Gr.  Katartismos,  Complete  adjustment ; 
Teleiotcs,  Completeness.  Eph.  4:  12.  Eor  the  perfecting  of  the  samts. 
I  John  4:  12.  God  dwelleth  in  us  and  His  love  is  perfected  in  us.  2 
Cor.  13:9.  This  wish,  even  your  perfection.  Heb.  6:1.  Let  us  go 
on  unto  perfection. 

Sanctification  or  Renewal  the  Will  of  God  and  the 
Work  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 

I  Thes.  4:3.  7.  This  is  the  will  of  God,  even  your  sanctification. 
God  called  us  in  sanctification.  Heb.  10:  10.  By  (His)  will  we  are 
sanctified.  2  Thes.  2:  13,  14.  God  chose  you  unto  salvation  in  sanctifi- 
cation of  the  Spirit,  i  Pet.  i :  2.  Through  sanctification  of  the  Spirit. 
Rom.  15:  16.  Sanctified  by  the  Holy  Ghost,  i  Cor.  6:11.  Sanctified 
by  the  Spirit  of  God.  Eph.  3:  16.  Strengthened  through  His  Spirit  in 
the  inner  man.  i  Cor.  3:  18.  Changed  into  the  same  image,  by  the 
Spirit  of  the  Lord.  Titus  3  :  5.  Renewing  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  Col.  3  : 
5-10.  XL  478.  I  Thes.  5:23.  The  God  of  peace  sanctify  you  wholly, 
etc.  Jude  i.  Assured,  i  Sam.  2:9.  God  will  keep  the  feet  of  His 
holy  ones. 

Sanctification  through  Christ's  Sacrificial  Offering. 

I  Cor.  1:2.  Sanctified  in  Christ  Jesus,  i  Cor.  6:11.  Sanctified 
in  tlie  name  of  Christ  and  by  the  Spirit.  2  Cor.  i  :  30.  Christ  Jesus 
made  unto  us  .  .  .  sanctification.  Heb.  13:12.  That  He  might 
sanctify  the  people  with  His  own  blood.  Heb.  10:  10,  14.  Sanctified 
through  the  offering  of  the  body  of  Jesus  Christ  once  for  all.  By  one 
offering  He  hath  perfected  them  that  are  sanctified.  XL  592.  Eph.  5: 
26,  2y. 

Sanctification  through  Belief  in  the  Truth.  John  17:17. 

Sanctify  them  through  Thy  truth;  Thy  Word  is  truth.  2  Thes.  2:  14. 
Through  belief  of  the  truth,  i  Pet.  i :  22.  Ye  have  purified  your  souls 
in  obeying  the  truth.  2  Pet.  1:4.  By  these  (promises)  ye  may  become 
partakers  of  the  Divine  nature. 


Sanctification.  gi 

The  Process  of  Divine  Sanctification  from  the  Human 
Side. 

As  in  the  Person  of  Christ,  and  in  the  product  of  Revelation  there 
is  a  Divine  and  a  human  side,  so  every  form  of  Divine  acting  in  man's 
behalf  has  a  side  of  demanded  responsive  human  action.  Here,  as 
everywhere,  we  read  a  command  of  God  to  desire,  to  purpose  and  to 
endeavor  to  do  that  which  God  alone  can  do.  And  here,  too,  the 
desire,  purpose  and  attempt  to  fulfill  His  command  is  assured  of  His 
interposing  help  to  make  fulfillment  possible  and  certain. 

The  Command  of  God,  in  Manifold  Forms  of  Expression. 

I  Pet.  3 :  15.  Sanctify  the  Lord  God  in  your  hearts.  Eph.  4:23. 
Be  ye  renewed  in  the  spirit  of  your  mind  and  put  on  the  new  man. 
Xi  432.  Rom.  12 :  2.  Be  ye  transformed  by  the  renewing  of  your 
mind.  Matt.  5 :  48.  Be  ye  perfect,  as  your  Father  in  heaven.  2  Cor. 
13:  II.  I  Thes.  3:  10.  Perfect  that  which  is  lacking.  2  Cor.  7:  t. 
Perfecting  holiness  in  the  fear  of  God.  i  Pet.  i  :  16.  (Citing  the 
words  of  Moses.)     Be  ye  holy,  for  I  am  holy,     i  Tim.  5  :  22.  Be  pure. 

The  Command  Obeyed: 

By  the  exercise  of  faith  in  Christ  and  the  unremitting  practice  of 
fellowship  and  communion  with  God.  Acts  26:  18.  Sanctified  by  faith 
in  Me.  More  particularly,  by  the  daily  habitual  offering  of  an  open 
mind  and  a  consecrated  heart  and  will  to  the  sole  guidance  and  abso- 
lute control  of  the  Spirit  of  God.  The  unceasing  recognition  by  the 
ignorant,  weak  and  tempted  believer  of  the  sublime  and  precious  fact 
of  the  actual  indwelling  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  together  with  the  glad, 
restful  submission  of  every  thought  and  feeling,  desire  and  motive, 
aim  and  purpose,  plan  and  word  and  deed,  to  the  Spirit's  prompting, 
ordering  and  actuating,  and  this  alone,  assures  the  believer's  steadfast 
progress  in  the  Divine  process  of  sanctification.  And  this  vital  prac- 
tical point,  above  almost  every  other,  demands  the  believer's  thought- 
ful consideration,  and  responsive  action  day  by  day,  if  he  would  be 
"  renewed  in  the  inner  man  day  by  day  "  by  the  Holy  Spirit. 

Increasing  Sanctification  the  Sole  Evidence  of  Ad- 
vancing Spiritual  Life  and  the  Sole  Force  of  Expanding 
Fruitfulness  in  the  Christian  Life.  It  Alone  Realizes  the 
Supreme  Assurance  of  God's  Indwelling. 

As  Sanctification  is  a  progressive  Divine  process,  carrying  on- 
ward, deepening  and   expanding  the  spiritual  life,   so  an   increasing 


9  2  Sanctification. 

measure  of  holiness  is  the  sole  evidence  of  spiritual  growth,  as  it  is 
the  sole  source  and  energy  of  enlarging  fruitfulness  in  the  Christian 
life.  Yet  it  should  ever  be  borne  in  mind,  as  stated  above,  that  the 
sanctifying  work  of  the  Holy  Spirit  is  always  vitally  connected  with 
the  truth  revealed,  and  conditioned  upon  the  believer's  heartfelt  re- 
ception and  obedience  to  the  truth  unfolded  by  the  Spirit. 

To  the  spiritually  growing  and  fruitful  believer,  who  habitually 
welcomes  and  earnestly  searches  the  Word,  and  hcartilv  accepts  the 
guidance  and  teaching  of  the  Spirit,  to  the  steadfast  Christian  disciple 
who  thus  seeks  after  increasing  holiness  of  heart  and  purity  of  life, 
are  uttered  the  strong,  sweet,  encouraging  and  assuring  pledges  of  the 
Divine  Indwelling.  John  14:  21.  He  that  keepeth  My  commandments, 
he  it  is  that  loveth  Me,  and  I  will  manifest  Myself  unto  him.  Vs.  23. 
Ha  man  love  Me,  he  will  keep  My  word;  and  My  Father  will  love 
him.  and  We  will  come  unto  him  and  make  Our  abode  with  him.  John 
15:  3,  4.  Ye  are  clean  because  of  the  word  which  I  have  spoken  unto 
you.  Abide  in  Me  and  I  in  you.  Rom.  8:9.  Ye  are  not  in  the  flesh, 
but  in  the  spirit,  if  so  be  that  the  Spirit  of  God  dwelleth  in  you.  I 
Cor.  3:  16.  \e  are  a  temple  of  God,  and  the  Spirit  of  God  dwelleth 
in  you.  2  Tim.  i  :  14.  Guard  through  the  Holy  Ghost  which  dwelleth 
in  us.  Eph.  3:  17.  Christ  dwells  in  your  hearts  by  faith.  Col.  1:27. 
Christ  in  you,  the  hope  of  glory.  To  realize  this  Indwelling  of  God, 
the  Father,  the  Son  and  the  Holy  Ghost,  to  rest  upon  it,  and  respon- 
sively  to  desire  and  seek  the  In-jjorking  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  day  by 
day  and  hour  by  hour,  is  the  simple  but  assured  method  of  imceasing 
progress  in  sanctification,  or  holy  and  fruitful  living.  Through  this 
ever  welcomed  Divine  indwelling,  and  ever  longed-for  Divine  inwork- 
ing  it  is  that  "  our  inward  man  is  renewed  day  by  day  "  (2  Cor.  4 :  16). 
Job  17:9.  Wax  stronger  and  stronger.  VI.  103,  4.  XI.  689.     Goode. 

Perfection,  or  Complete  Sanctification. 

Manifestly  this  includes:  an  unfailing  regard  and  obedience  to 
the  Divine  Law  of  Love  in  its  utmost  detail;  an  unintermitting  exer- 
cise of  the  graces  of  the  Spirit,  and  a  never-ceasing  fruitage  from 
those  graces  in  daily  living;  and  an  attained  character  of  likeness  to 
Christ,  that  is,  a  perfect  responsiveness  and  unison  of  thought,  desire, 
affection  and  will  with  Him.  Manifestly,  too,  according  to  the  testi- 
mony of  Scripture,  such  perfected  union  of  the  believer  with  Christ 
has  never  been  realized  on  earth.  "  Not  that  I  am  already  perfect." 
is  the  confession  of  the  most  intelligent  and  saintly  apostle  of  the 
Lord,  written  in  old  age.  twenty-six  years  after  his  conversion  and 
six  years  before  his  death.     "  But,"  he  adds,  "  I  press  on  that  I  may 


Sanctification.  93. 

apprehend  that  for  which  I  am  apprehended  by  Christ  Jesus."  To 
make  the  confession  more  clear  and  impressive  he  repeats  it:  "  Breth- 
ren, I  count  not  myself  yet  to  have  apprehended;  but,  forgetting  the 
things  which  are  behind  and  stretching  forward  to  the  things  which 
are  before,  I  press  on  toward  the  goal  unto  the  prize  of  the  high 
(upward)  calling  of  God  in  Christ  Jesus."  And  then  he  invites  all 
saints  to  like  experience  and  godly  living:  "  Let  us  therefore,  as  many 
as  (would)  be  perfect,  be  thus  minded"  (Phil.  3:12-15).  XL  458. 
Thus  Paul  interprets  the  one  command  of  God  in  the  whole  Scripture : 
"  be  holy,"  "  be  perfect,"  "  be  renewed,"  "  be  transformed  by  the  re- 
newing of  your  mind,"  "  go  on  unto  perfection."  XL  574,  6.  683.  Ac- 
cording to  the  plain  testimony  and  teaching  of  Paul,  in  harmony  with 
that  of  the  wisest  and  purest  examples  of  saintly  character  in  both 
Testaments,  this  great  and  oft-repeated  command  is  obeyed  by  the 
believer's  supreme  aim  and  unceasing  effort  to  press  onward  and  up- 
ward toward  the  perfect  Life. 

So  it  is  that  while  we  may  not  say  that  perfection  is  niiatfainable 
in  this  life,  the  trend  of  the  entire  Scripture  teaching  produces  and 
strongly  emphasizes  the  positive  conviction  that  it  never  has  been 
attained.  And  the  Scripture  assigns  and  deals  largely  with  one  in- 
superable reason  why  it  is  not  attained,  namely,  the  uneradicated 
power  of  the  remaining  "  old  "  nature  and  its  continued  conflicts  with 
the  "  new  "  so  long  as  the  believer  abides  in  the  flesh.  See  XL  459. 
1st  note.  478.  vs.  5-10. 

Li  complete  accord  with  the  Scriptural  meaning  of  Perfection  as 
given  above,  should  be  interpreted  the 

Old  and  New  Testament  Assertions  of  Integrity  and 

blameless  living,  made  by  and  in  behalf  of  a  few  individuals.  There 
is  here  no  claim  of  sinless  character  and  life,  but  of  a  believer's  true 
and  honest  purpose  and  endeavor  to  honor  the  law  of  God  and  to 
meet  the  demands  of  duty  to  man.  A  reference  to  the  texts  and  com- 
ment makes  this  clear.  Ps.  17:3.  IV.  126,  127.  Ps.  18:21-23.  I^'- 
140.  Ps.  26:  I,  J  I.  I  have  walked,  I  will  walk  in  my  integrity.  IV. 
200-202.  Ps.  32:2.  IV.  239.  Ps.  37:37.  IV.  283.  Ps.  41:  12.  Thou 
upholdest  me  in  my  integrity.  Ps.  101:2.  V.  171.  Ps.  119:  121,  122. 
V.  338.  Prov.  20:7.  Job  i:  1-8.  VI.  18.  Job  2:3.  VI.  25.  Job  10: 
7.  VI.  69.  Job  23:  10,  II.  VI.  135.  Job  27:  5,  6.  VI.  145.  Isa.  38:3. 
Gen.  6:9.  I.  235.     Gen.  7:  i. 

Perfection,  or  Complete  Sanctification  is  Attained  in 

the  Presence  of  Christ,     i  John  3 :  2.  We  shall  be  like  Him,  for 


p4  Redemption. 

we  shall  see  Him  even  as  He  is.  Jude  24.  Him  that  is  able  to  keep 
you  from  falling,  and  to  present  you  faultless  before  the  presence  of 
His  glory  with  exceeding  joy. 


For  summary  of  the  Spirit's  Agency,  read  pages  T,y,  38, 
under  heading:  The  Holy  Spirit  applies  and  makes  effective 
Christ's  Redeeming  Work. 


We  conclude  study  of  the  Redemptive  Work  of  Christ 
and  the  Holy  Spirit  with  brief  treatment  of  the  general  Topics: 
REDEMPTION  and  SALVATION. 

REDEMPTION;  REDEEMER;  REDEEM.  Hcb.,  Gaal, 
Fiidali,  to  free  or  become  freed,  by  avenging  or  repaying.  Gr.,  Liitroo, 
io  loose  by  a  price,  deliver.  Agorazo,  to  buy.  Also  RANSOM, 
Heb.,  Padah,  to  free.     Kopher,  a  covering. 

Redemption  or  Deliverance,  and  the  Redeemer  or  Deliverer,  in- 
clude the  scope  and  substance  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament  Religion. 
IX.  594.  Redemption  or  Deliverance  from  bondage  first  applied  to 
the  deliverance  of  Israel  from  Egypt  as  a  basis  of  claim  for  obedience. 
Ex.  20:2.  II.  2/,  28,  157,  158.  Afterward  to  subsequent  deliverances 
from  other  nations  upon  condition  of  obedience.  The  external  de- 
liverance always  prefigured  and  pointed  forward  to  a  spiritual  deliver- 
ance and  obedience.  Ps.  19:  14.  IV.  158.  Ps.  49:8,  15.  IV.  350,  352. 
Ps.  77:  15.  V.  37.  Ps.  111:9.  V.  244.  Ps.  130:  7,  8.  V.  403,  404.  Isa. 
43:1.  Isa.  47:4.  VIII.  246.  Isa.  49:26.  VIII.  261.  Isa.  63:9,  16. 
VIII.  366-368.     Jcr.  50:34.  VIII.  580. 

Redemption  Comprehensively  Regarded. 

.  A  term  that  includes  all  the  processes  and  results  of  human  salva- 
tion. On  the  causal  side,  it  comprises  the  Sacrificial  and  Intercessory 
Office-Work  of  Christ,  and  the  Regenerating  and  Sanctifying  Work 
of  the  Holy  Spirit.  On  the  side  of  effects  it  includes  the  results 
wrought  for  the  soul  in  its  pardon,  justification  and  adoption,  and 
7vitliin  the  soul  in  its  new  creation,  purification  and  increasing  likeness 
to  God.  And  these  effects  are  finally  made  complete  by  "  the  redemp- 
tion of  the  body,"  i.e.,  its  resurrection  in  the  likeness  of  Christ's  glori- 
fied body  unto  an  immortal  life. 


Redemption.  95 

Specifically  and  Mainly. 

In  the  New  Testament  the  word  Redemption  refers  to  the  entire 
work  of  Christ  in  our  deliverance  from  the  guilt,  the  penalty,  the 
power  and  all  the  hurtful  consequences  of  sin.  The  chief  passage  is 
I  Cor.  I  :  30.  Its  points  are  these :  Christ  is  our  Wisdom  because  as 
a  Prophet  He  reveals  the  love  of  God  in  the  device  of  a  gracious  salva- 
tion from  sin  and  condemnation.  Christ  is  our  Righteousness,  because 
as  a  High  Priestly  Offerer  and  Offering  to  God  in  our  behalf.  He 
restores  us  to  right  relations  with  God  and  His  Law  of  holiness  and 
love,  and  thus  secures  our  restoration  to  favor  and  childship  with 
God.  Christ  is  our  Sanctification,  because  as  a  subduing  and  inruling 
King  He  guides  and  prompts  us  to,  and  works  within  us,  a  new  obedi- 
ence and  consecration  to  the  will  and  service  of  God.  And  as  the 
final  and  consummate  result  of  these  three  Offices,  achieving  for  us 
complete  and  abiding  deliverance  from  sin  and  all  its  evil,  "  Christ 
is  made  unto  us  Redemption."  Heb.  9:  12.  Obtained  eternal  redemp- 
tion for  us.  This  redemption  applies  even  to  our  bodies.  Rom.  8:  23. 
Waiting  for  the  redemption  of  our  body.  Hos.  13 :  14.  I  will  ransom 
from  the  grave.  IX.  376,  377.  i  Cor.  15:  52.  Phil.  3:  12.  Who  shall 
fa:,hion  anew  the  body  of  our  humiliation. 

New  Testament  Texts. 

Luke  1 :  6.  Wrought  redemption  for  His  people.  Matt.  20:  26.  To 
give  His  life  a  ransom  for  many,  i  Cor.  6:20.  Ye  are  bought  with 
a  price.  Gal.  3 :  13.  Christ  hath  redeemed  us.  Gal.  4:5.  To  redeem 
them  that  were  under  the  law.  Eph.  i  :  7.  In  whom  we  have  redemp- 
tion through  His  blood.  Titus  2:  14.  To  redeem  us  from  all  iniquity. 
I  Pet.  I  :  18.  Redeemed  with  the  precious  blood  of  Christ.  2  Pet.  2 :  i. 
Denying  the  Lord  that  bought  them.  Rev.  5 : 9.  Hast  redeemed  us  to 
God  by  Thy  blood.     Rev.  14 :  3.  Redeemed  from  the  earth. 

Character  and  Future  of  the  Redeemed. 

The  redeemed  .of  the  Lord  a  holy  people.  Isa.  62:  12.  VHI.  361. 
362.  Isa.  35:  9,  10  and  51:  11.  The  redeemed  shall  walk  there;  and 
the  ransomed  of  the  Lord  shall  return,  etc.  VIII.  176,  177,  269. 

For  other  points  and  comment  see  Top.  An.,  p.  438,  9. 


gt)  Salvation. 

SALVATION,  Hcb.,  Safety,  Deliverance;  Gr.  Safety,  Sound- 
ness. 

Chief  Scriptural  Significance  may  be  variously  expressed: 

1.  Deliverance  from  the  Condemnation  Pronounced  by 
the  Lraw  of  God  upon  tlie  unholy  oil'cndcr.  that  is,  Lxoniplion  from 
the  punishment  and  misery  consequent  on  sin.  The  "  no  condemna- 
tion "  of  Rom.  8:  i  suggests  in  a  negative  form  the  meaning  of  salva- 
tion, and  carries  a  very  large  and  blessed  meaning  as  the  context 
shows.  It  includes  the  pardon,  remission,  cleansing  and  delivering 
from  sin. 

2.  Restoration  to  Likeness,  to  Favor,  to  Childship,  and 
to  Fellowship  with  God,  adds  to  the  reacli  and  comfort  of  its 
meaning.  Herein  is  comprised  the  Divine  process  of  regeneration, 
or  new  creation,  and  of  assimilation  to  the  image  of  God,  and  the 
Divine  Adoption,  or  restored  childship,  with  its  high  privileges  and 
satisfying  experiences  of  intimate  communion. 

3.  Eternal  Life  Begun,  still  further  expands  and  :ompletes 
the  significance  of  the  golden  word  "  Salvation." 

Salvation  the  Free  Gift  of  God,  through  Grace. 

It  is  an  unearned  gift  of  life  to  one  who  is  received  as  a  child, 
while  condemnation,  or  death,  is  the  earned  wages  of  a  bond  slave 
to  sin.  Rom.  6:23.  The  wages  of  sin  is  death,  but  the  free  gift  of 
God  is  eternal  life.  Eph.  2:8,  10.  By  grace  have  ye  been  saved:  and 
that  (salvation)  not  of  yourselves;  it  is  the  gift  of  God.  For  we  are 
His  workmanship.  Titus  2:  11.  The  grace  of  (^od  bringeth  salvation. 
O.  T.  Ps.  3:8;  27 :  I ;  35:3;  37 :  40 ;  62 :  i ,  2 ;  68 :  19,  20 ;  85  :  7 :  98 : 
2,  3;  119:41.  Isa.  12:2.  Isa.  45:22.  Look  unto  Me  and  be  ye 
saved.  VIII.  240. 

The  Gift  of  God  in  His  Son  Christ  Jesus,  the  Lord  and 
the  Saviour  of  Men. 

Rom.  6:^3.  'riic  free  gift  of  God  is  eternal  life  in  Christ  Jesus 
our  Lord.  Eph.  2:  10.  We  are  His  workmanship  created  in  Christ 
Jesus  for  good  works.     Matt,  i  :  21.  Jesus  shall  save  His  people  from 


Salvation.  07 

their  sins.  John  3:17.  The  world  through  Him  might  be  saved. 
John  10:  9.  By  Me  he  shall  be  saved.  Matt.  18:  11.  The  Son  of  Man 
came  to  save,  i  Tim.  i  :  15.  Christ  Jesus  came  into  the  world  to  save 
sinners.  Heb.  7:25.  Able  to  save  to  the  uttermost.  Acts  4:12. 
None  other  name  under  heaven;  whereby  we  must  be  saved.  Acts 
5:31.  Him  God  exalted *to  be  a  Prince  and  a  Saviour.  See  also: 
Isa.  43:11.  Isa.  59:16.  Isa.  60:16.  Hos.  13:4.  Zeph.  3:17.  Zech. 
9 : 9.  Rom.  5 :  9.  Saved  from  wrath  through  Him.  Heb.  5:9.  He 
became  unto  all  them  that  obey  Him  the  author  of  eternal  salvation. 
Titus  3:  5.  According  to  His  mercy  He  saved  us  through  the  washing 
of  regeneration  and  renewing  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  which  He  poured 
upon- us  richly  through  Jesus  Christ  our  Saviour.  XI.  550,  551.  2  Cor. 
5 :  19.  God  was  in  Christ  reconciling  the  world  unto  Himself. 


Conditioned  upon  Faith  and  Repentance  (Metanoia) 
Attested  by  Good  Works  or  Obedient  and  Godly  Living. 

Eph.  2:5,  8,  10.  By  grace  have  ye  been  saved,  through  faith. 
Created  in  Christ  Jesus  unto  good  works.  Acts  16:  31.  Believe  in  the 
Lord  Jesus  Christ  and  thou  shalt  be  saved.  Rom.  10:9.  H  thou  con- 
fess with  thy  mouth  Jesus  as  Lord,  and  shalt  believe  in  thine  heart 
that  God  raised  Him  from  the^dead,  thou  shalt  be  saved.  Mark  i  :  15. 
Repent  and  believe.  Luke  13:3,  5.  Acts  26:20.  Isa.  30:15.  In 
returning  shall  be  saved.  Ps.  34 :  18.  Saveth  such  as  be  of  a  contrite 
spirit.  Heb.  10:39.  Believe  to  the  saving  of  the  soul,  i  Pet.  1:5. 
Kept  through  faith  unto  salvation.  2  Cor.  7:  10.  Godly  sorrow  work- 
eth  repentance  unto  salvation.  Ps.  50:23.  To  him  that  ordereth  his 
conversation,  or  life,  aright  will  I  show  My  salvation.  IV.  362.  Phil. 
2:  12.  Work  out  your  own  salvation  with  fear. 


The  Gospel  God's  Instrument  in  Salvation. 

Rom.  1 :  16.  The  gospel  is  the  power  of  God  unto  salvation  to 
every  one  that  believeth.  Eph.  i :  13.  The  word  of  truth,  the  gospel 
of  your  salvation.  In  vs.  12-14  we  have  steps  in  the  history  of  a 
saved  soul.  Ye  heard  the  word — ye  believed — ye  were  sealed  with 
the  Holy  Spirit  of  promise,  unto  the  praise  of  His  glory,  i  Cor.  i :  18. 
The  word  of  the  cross- is  unto  us  who  are  being  saved  the  power  of 
God.  2  Tim.  3:  15.  The  sacred  writings  which  are  able  to  make  thee 
wise  unto  salvation  through  faith  which  is  in  Christ  Jesus.  James  i :. 
21.  The  ingrafted  word  which  is  able  to  save  your  souls. 
7 


98  Salvation. 

Salvation  the  Costly  Fruit  of  Divine  Love;  its  Cost 
the  Passion  of  the  Son  of  God. 

The  central  and  vital  fact  of  ail  Divine  action  and  disclosure  was 
the  shedding  of  His  precious  life-blood  for  the  race  of  sinful  and 
condemned  men.  His  voluntary  surrender  of  life  for  life  we  find 
symbolized  in  the  Old  Testament  Sacrifice.  This  was  signally  em- 
phasized and  unfolded  in  the  ritual  of  Moses,  of  which  we  read  the 
key  word  in  Ex.  12:  13,  21-24.  When  I  see  the  blood  I  will  pass  over, 
n.  632-635.  The  death  of  Christ  for  sinners  is  the  theme  and  the 
end  of  all  New  Testament  teaching;  the  chief  and  ultimate  point  of 
thought  suggested  by  the  words  and  deeds  of  Christ,  and  by  the 
preaching,  the  letters  and  the  lives  of  His  apostles. 

Salvation  Begins  and  is  Assured  at  Regeneration  and 
Conversion. 

l>oin  tlic  moment  when  the  Holy  Spirit  re-creates,  and  the  S4n- 
ner.  under  the  Divine  wooing,  reverses  his  heart  and  life  course  by 
returning  to  God,  he  is  saz'cd.  Once  held  by  the  hand  of  God,  he  is 
"  kept  by  the  power  of  God,  through  faith,  unto  salvation,"  and  "  none 
can  pluck  him  away  from  that  Divine  loving  hand."  His  life  is  noio 
"  hid  with  Christ  in  God."  "  You  hath  He  quickened  who  were  dead," 
"  Christ  is  in  you,  the  hope  of  glory,"  "  Ye  are  the  children  of  (jod," 
"  He  that  hath  the  Son  Jiath  life,"  "  now  is  the  day  of  salvation  " — 
these  and  many  like  declarations  require  the  believer  humbly  yet 
boldly  to  affirm  with  Paul.  "  I  know  whom  I  have  believed,  and  He 
will  keep  that  which  I  have  committed  unto  Him.  Or  he  may  con- 
fidently say  with  John.  "  We  kiiozv  the  love  that  God  hath  to  us."  With 
this  imbedded  conviction  of  a  present  salvation  ever  dominant  within, 
the  heart  and  the  life  of  every  Christian  believer  would  be  steadily 
and  greatly  enlarged,  enriched  and  made  more  fruitful  and  blessed. 

No  Future  Salvation  Disclosed  in  the  Word  of  God. 

"  Xozi'  is  the  day  of  salvation,"  "God  commands  all  men  nozc 
to  repent,"  "  How  can  ye  escape  if  ye  neglect  so  great  salvation  ?  " 
"  The  harvest  is  passed,  the  summer  is  ended,  and  we  are  not  saved  " 
(ler.  8:20.  VIII.  437).  These  and  many  kindred  expressions  aro 
expanded  and  confirmed  by  innumerable  entreaties,  warnings  and 
promises,  all  limited  to  tlu-  "  now."  and  by  many  references  to  a  com- 
ing future  of  incjuisition  and  judgment,  wlun  "  there  is  n(»  work, 
nor  device,  nor  knowledge,  nor  wisdom,"  when  "  he  that  is  unrighteous 


Salvation.  gg 

shall  do  unrighteousness  still,"  when  each  shall  "  receive  the  things 
done  in  the  body,  according  to  what  he  hath  done,  whether  it  be  good 
or  bad." 

Salvation  Provided  for,  Proffered  to,  and  Pressed 
upon.  All  Men. 

2  Cor.  5:  19.  God  was  in  Christ,  reconciHng  the  world  unto  Him- 
self. I  Tim.  2:4.  Who  will  have  all  men  to  be  saved.  However 
weak,  ignorant,  depraved,  every  man  hath  an  ear  to  hear  the  Divine 
message,  "  Come  unto  Me,"  and  a  heart  that  can  appreciate  the  truth 
and  tenderness  of  the  Son  of  God.  The  only  inability  lies  in  his  own 
persistent  unwillingness.  "  Ye  will  not  come  to  Me,  that  ye  may  have 
Hfe." 

[The  "  unspeakable  gift  "  of  Salvation  was  procured  through  the 
costly  sacrifice  of  Redemption.  Redemption,  purposed  and  planned  in 
Eternal  Counsels,  the  Word  Revealed  declares  to  be  the  chiefest  work 
and  delight  and  the  highest  glory  of  the  Infinite  Godhead.  It  is  the 
lasting  joy  of  angels,  the  supreme  hope  and  blessedness  of  men  and 
the  abiding  moral  bond  of  the  ever  enduring  Empire  of  God  over  the 
Spiritual  Universe. 

As  the  theatre  of  this  Redemption,  our  world  is  honored  above 
all  worlds.  Though  in  itself  an  obscure  corner  of  creation,  it  is  made 
the  center  of  the  highest  interest.  A  moral  force  is  gathering  in  it  to 
uphold  the  universe  in  love  and  obedience.  It  is  heaven's  laboratory, 
in  which  are  worked ,out  the  great  principles  which  are  to  exist  in  and 
rule  God's  kingdom.  It  is  the  battle-field  of  the  universe,  on  which 
holiness  and  sin,  truth  and  error,  life  and  death,  Christ  and  Satan 
wage  their  one  great  and  decisive  warfare.  For  more  than  sixty 
centuries  has  the  conflict  raged  already,  and  it  will  continue  to  rage 
we  know  not  how  long.  And  who  can  conceive  the  extent  of  the  in- 
terests at  stake  in  this  warfare?  The  honor  of  God,  the  maintenance 
of  law  and  order  and  the  happiness  of  all  worlds  are  involved.  Our 
highest  conceptions  of  the  grandeur  and  importance  of  this  contest 
fall  amazingly  short  of  the  reality.  There  is  a  breadth  of  purpose,  a 
depth  of  meaning,  a  height  of  glory  and  a  fullness  of  love  and  blessing 
in  this  work  of  Redemption,  which  eternal  ages  will  hardly  disclose. 
Anon.'] 


lOO  Law  of  God. 


TOPICS  VITALLY  RELATED  TO  AND  MORE  FULLY 
UNFOLDING  THE  MIND  AND  HEART  AND 
WILL  OF  GOD  IN  HIS  REDEMPTIVE  DEAL- 
INGS WITH  MAN. 

LAW  OF  GOD.  PRINCIPLES  UNDERLYING  HIS 
MORAL  GOVERNMENT  EXPLAINING  AND  EN- 
FORCING HIS  RIGHTEOUS  DEMAND  OF  OBE- 
DIENCE,  LOVE   AND   SERVICE. 

How  we  Reach  the  Idea  of  Law,  and  of  its  Origin  and 
Source  in  God. 

Upon  all  movements  in  the  known  Universe,  material  and  spir- 
itual, appears  the  manifest  impress  and  active  energy  of  a  principle 
of  order  in  the  sequence  of  events  and  effects,  a  principle  which  acts 
uniformly  in  determining  and  producing  all  events  and  effects.  To 
this  principle  in  its  application  to  nature  and  to  moral  beings  we  give 
the  comprehensive  name  of  Law.  Behind  this  Law,  or  principle  of 
orderly  and  determining  action,  manifestly  stands  an  intelligent  and 
powerful  Agent,  i.e.,  an  Almighty,  Self-Existent,  Personal  Being  who 
has  created  and  controls  the  universe  of  matter  and  spirit.  .From 
these  simple,  obvious  truths  we  not  only  derive  the  radical  meaning 
of  Law,  but  the  fact  of  a  Personal  Originator  and  Source  of  Law 
itself,  as  well  as  of  the  material  and  spiritual  creation  upon  which  this 
Law  is  unchangeably  impressed.  In  plainer  words,  we  discern  in  the 
outstanding  fact  of  a  uniformly  acting  and  surely  determining  prin- 
ciple of  order  in  the  known  universe,  a  supreme  Law-giver,  who  is 
at  the  same  time  Creator,  Upholder  and  Sovereign  Controller.  Thus 
it  appears  that  God  has  established  Law,  or  an  immanent  principle 
of  order,  as  the  basis  of  His  rule  over  the  Universe  which  He  has 
created  and  controls. 

Further,  as  the  Created  universe  comprises  two  widely  difi'cring 
creations,  two  worlds  of  matter  and  spirit,  differentiated  by  the  words, 
on  the  one  side,  "  material  and  perishable."  and  on  the  other,  "  spir- 
itual and  imperishable "  because  intelligent,  susceptible,  responsible 
and  immortal,  so  of  necessity  a  wide  difference  is  demanded  in  the 
character  and  working  of  the  Laws  to  which  they  are  subjected  and 
by  which  they  are  controlled.  And  thus  we  find  the  essential  distinc- 
tion and   division   of  Law   into   Natural   or   Physical,   and   Moral   or 


Nature  of  the  Law.  loi 

Spiritual.  Concerning  Natural  Law,  as  pertaining  directly  to  Crea- 
tion and  indirectly  to  Providence,  we  refer  to  its  proper  place  in  our 
study  of  Biblical  themes. 

The  Moral  or  Spiritual  Law  of  God,  the  Law  which  He  has 
established  over  the  Universe  of  created  Spirits,  is  the  present  sub- 
ject for  consideration.  Coiiccniiiig  iJiis  Lazv  the  folloicing  points 
call  for  statement  and  emphasis: 

1.  The  Nature  of  the  Moral  and  Spiritual  Law  of  God. 

The  marked  outlines  of  that  Law  we  find  first  embodied  in  the 
"  Ten  Words  "  of  Jehovah,  uttered  and  inscribed  at  Sinai.  In  the 
Ten  Commandments  the  Moral  Law  is  mainly  conveyed  (from  neces- 
sity as  to  its  apprehension)  in  the  indirect  and  negative  form  of  pro- 
hibition. The  First  Table  says :  Thou  shalt  not  worship  any  God  but 
the  true  Jehovah,  nor  worship  Him  under  any  visible  emblem.  Thou 
shalt  not  treat  His  Name,  i.e.,  Himself,  with  irreverence.  Thou  shalt 
holily  observe  His  appointed  Day  of  Rest  and  Worship.  But  Moses, 
who  received  the  Tables  on  which  God  had  Himself  inscribed  the 
Law,  subsequently  interpreted  in  their  positive  form  the  broad,  deep 
spiritual  meaning  of  these  Commands  of  the  First  Table  respecting 
man's  supreme  relation  and  duty  to  God.  He  said,  Hear,  O  Israel! 
The  Lord  our  God  is  one  Lord:  and  thou  shalt  love  the  Lord  thy 
God  zvith  all  thine  heart,  and  with  all  thy  soul,  and  with  all  thy  might! 
Deut.  6 :  4,  5.  H.  202-217.  Christ  Himself  repeats,  confirms  and  em- 
phasizes this  great  and  vital  declaration;  adding.  This  i-i  the  great  and 
first  commandineiit., Matt.  22:37,  S^-  N.  430.  This  is  chief,  then,  of 
the  two  elements  of  the  Moral  Law  spoken  directly  by  Jehovah  at 
Sinai;  and  not  only  chief,  but  inclusive  of  the  Second,  its  only  source 
and  impulse.  "A  second  like  unto  it,"  said  Christ,  is  this,  "  Thou  shalt 
love  thy  neighbor  as  thyself."  The  last  Five  of  the  Ten  Command- 
ments embodies  the  spirit  of  this  "  Second  "  of  Christ,  also  in  nega- 
tive or  prohibitive  form.  These  Five,  too,  expressly  refer  to  external 
acts,  which  evince  the  temper,  motive  and  spirit  of  the  actor.  To  this 
actuating  spirit  the  "  second  command "  of  Christ  is  directly  ad- 
dressed :  "  Thou  shalt  love  thy  neighbor  as  thyself."  Here,  too,  though 
the  fact  is  strangely  overlooked  by  many  who  fail  to  apprehend  the 
radical  spirituality  of  the  Old  Testament  teaching,  Christ's  interpre- 
tation of  the  Second  Table  is  only  a  repetition  and  confirmation  of 
the  identical  words  of- Moses  to  Israel,  Lev.  19:  18.  See  Com]m.\nd- 
MENTS,  Top.  An.,  p.  92,  3. 

Furthermore,  in  harmony  with  Moses  and  Christ  we  read  the 
didactic  statement  of  Paul:  Rom.   13:10.  Love  is  the  fulfillment  of 


I02  Reach  and  Minuteness  of  the  Law. 

the  law;  and  i  'lini.  1:5.  The  end  of  the  commandment  is  love,  out 
of  a  pure  heart  and  a  good  conscience  and  faith  unfeigned.  XI.  506. 

The  One  Essential  Requirement,  then,  of  the  Moral  Law  is  Love, 
Supreme  Affection  and  Devotion  to  God,  and  under  the  impulse  of 
this,  love  to  man,  as  the  image  of  God.  Love,  all-inclusive  in  its  con- 
trolling effect  upon  the  thoughts,  desires,  aims  and  acts,  whether  con- 
cerning God  or  man,  this  is  the  single  essential  element  which  con- 
stitutes full  obedience,  cnm'^Vto  self- •■'"warding  response  to  the  Law 
of  God.  And  this  is  enough  to  verify  the  Scripture  characterizations 
of  its  nature,  as  "  holy,  just,  and  p^ood."  as  the  "  Royal  law,  the  perfect 
law  of  liberty,"  for  love  in  its  own  large  nature  embodies  all  these, 
holiness,  justice,  goodness  and  liberty.  Of  this  royal,  perfect  Law 
of  Love  it  may  be  said,  no  thought  of  man  can  reach  its  height  of 
grandeur,  its  breadth  of  reach  and  power  of  blessing,  its  depth  of 
sweetness,  and  its  exceeding  loveliness  and  beauty.  Of  this  Law 
Hooker  said,  "  Her  seat  is  the  bosom  of  God,  and  her  voice  the  har- 
mony of  the  world.  Both  angels  and  men,  though  each  in  different 
sort  and  manner,  with  i.iiiform  consent  admire  her  as  the  mother 
of  their  peace  and  joy.'' 

We  note  in  passing,  as  a  Corollary  of  the  above,  that  the  very 
terms  and  substance  of  the  Law  of  God.  as  Love,  prove  assuredly  that 
His  Law  is  not  a  mere  decretive  enactment  of  His  Will,  but  a  requi- 
sition as  well  as  a  revelation  of  His  heart. 

Read  Top.  An.,  p.  493,  last  note. 

2.  The  Broad  Reach  and  Extreme  Minuteness  of  the 
Spiritual  Law. 

This  Law  of  Supreme,  All-inclusive  Love,  having  its  source  and 
energy  in  the  Eternal  God,  is  now,  ever  has  been,  and  ever  will  be 
the  guiding  and  controlling  principle  of  the  Divine  Administration  in 
His  Sjjiritual  I^npire,  on  earth  and  in  heaven,  over  angels  and  over 
men.  Ps.  103:20.  Ve  angels  of  His:  ye  mighty  in  strength,  that 
fulfill  His  word,  hearkening  unto  the  voice  of  His  word.  V.  186.  Ps. 
119:  96.  Thy  commandment  is  exceeding  broad.  V.  326-328.  Through 
the  Law  comes  to  the  race  of  sinful  men  the  knowledge  of  God  as 
holy,  just,  good  and  loving.  Through  the  Law  comes  the  knowledge 
of  man  as  sinful,  condemned,  helpless  and  hopeless.  Rom.  3:2.  By 
the  law  is  the  knowledge  of  sin.  Through  the  Law  comes  the  knowl- 
edge of  Christ  and  Redemption  from  sin  and  condemnation.  Gal.  3: 
24.  The   law   hath    been   our   schoolmaster   to   bring   us   unto   Christ. 

Minutene.<:s  of  its  .Searcli  and  Application.     Ilcb.  4:  12.  The  word 


Sanctions  of  the  Law.  103 

of  God  (the  Law  which  is  its  subject)  is  quick  to  discern  the  thoughts 
and  intents  of  the  heart.  Ps.  IQ-.H-M-  By  them  is  thy  servant 
warned,  etc.  IV.  154-158.  .       /   r    ,     t       > 

Tames  2-  10.  Whosoever  shall  stumble  in  one  point  (of  the  Laws 
requirements)  he  is  become  guilty  of  all.  The  principle  of  obedience 
and  the  penalty  of  disobedience  apply  with  as  full  force  to  one  offense 
as  to  many.  A  sad  and  sufficient  illustration  we  read  in  the  Fall  of 
Eve  and  Adam.     See  Reading,  X.  429-  30- 

[If  we  offend  in  one  point  we  are  guilty  of  all.  First,  because 
of  the  unity  of  the  zvill  from  zvhich  the  sin  goes  out;  the  whole  man 
is  engacred  in  it.  Second,  on  account  of  the  unity  of  the  lazv  against 
zvhidi  the  sin  proceeds;  it  is  the  law  taken  as  a  whole  that  is  violated. 
Third,  on  account  of  the  unity  of  the  moral  nature  upon  zohich  sin 
recoils-  it  is  the  whole  moral  nature  that  is  injured.  Fourth,  on  ac- 
count of  the  unity  of  a  man's  record  which  the  stain  of  sin  despoils; 
it  is  the  whole  record  that  is  tarnished.     F.  F.  Emerson.-] 

3.  The  Fact,  Basis  and  Character  of  its  Sanctions. 

Since  all  its  lumian  subjects  have  broken  the  Law,  and  the  Law 
itself  provides  for  no  pardon,  it  can  have  no  other  sanction  save  the 
penalty  adjudged  to  transgressors.  It  must  unqualifiedly  condemn 
all  who  knozvingly  and  zvillfully  disobey  its  high  mandates,  or  it  must 
annul  itself  Be  it  further  noted,  that  the  basis  of  its  penalty  lies  not 
in  any  desire,  or  even  mere  will,  of  the  Divine  Moral  Ruler  and  Law- 
cxiver  to  inflict  punjshment  upon  transgressors.  It  rests  upon  the 
actual  bearing  and  certain  effect  of  transgression  upon  the  Divinely 
established  order  of  the  Moral  Universe.  The  upholding  of  this  es- 
tablished order  is  essential,  not  only  to  the  harmony  and  stability  of 
God's  Spiritual  Empire,  but  to  its  very  existence  and  continuance. 
Of  this  vast,  holy  Empire,  the  Law  of  God  is  the  bond,  the  funda- 
mental vital  'principle  which  holds  it  in  being  and  perpetuates  its  liv- 
m<r  energy.  The  unpunished  breach  of  this  binding  Law,  therefore, 
must  lead'  to  the  ultimate  disruption  and  extinction  of  the  Holy  So- 
ciety of  which  God  is  the  vital  Head,  and  to  His  dethronement  from 
Supreme  Kingly  Headship. 

Hence  the  necessity  of  a  sanction  or  penalty,  plainly  pronounced 
and  surely  to  be  inflicted  by  the  Law  of  God,  proportioned  in  its 
awfulness  and  severity  to  the  magnitude  and  extent  of  the  interests 
at  stake  in  the  Moral  Universe.  The  holy  Law  must  be  inexorable 
in  the  visiting  of  severest  penalty,  or  the  holy  Community  of  which 
it  is  the  vital  bond  must  itself  be  disrupted  and  destroyed.     Hence  its 


I04  Law  and  Justification — Grace. 

sentence  of  death,  called  "  the  second  death,"  including  the  final  utter 
deprivation  of  all  that  can  impart  peace,  rest  and  happiness  to  the 
immortal  spirit.  Ezek.  18:4.  The  soul  that  sinneth  shall  die.  Rom. 
6:23.  The  wages  of  sin  is  death.     Rev.  20:  14.  The  second  death. 

Nor,  on  account  of  this  fearful  sentence,  is  the  Law  of  God  the 
less  a  Law  of  Love.  For  it  is  the  Divine  Love,  the  all-inclusive  ele- 
ment of  the  Divine  Character,  which  supremely  demands  and  exacts 
penalty  for  willful,  defiant  transgression.  We  set  down  this  demand 
and  exaction  to  the  account  of  Justice  and  Righteousness.  Rut  these 
are  only  differing  aspects  and  names  of  Love.  Love,  as  Law,  is 
eternal  and  universal  in  its  reach  and  sway.  It  cannot  be  changed 
in  its  pure  nature,  nor  swerved  from  its  high  and  holy  aims  and  ends. 
It  cannot  righteously  e.xtcnd  favor  to  the  offender,  who  stands  self- 
condemned,  helplessly  without  excuse,  in  himself  without  justification, 
merit,  or  offering,  before  the  bar  of  an  adjudging  Law. 

But  the  Divine  Love  has  revealed  to  us  another  side,  another  and 
new  relation  to  sinners  of  our  human  race,  a  side  of  Grace,  a  relation 
and  attitude  of  Mercy,  with  a  blessed  Plan  of  Divine  Intervention. 
The  same  Divine  Love  from  which  the  Law  proceeds.  Himself  has 
intervened  to  satisfy  the  Law's  demand  for  penalty  against  those  who 
have  despised  its  high  imperatives  of  righteousness,  truth  and  purity. 
in  the  service  of  God.     This  leads  us  to  consider 

4.  The  Law  of  God  as  Related  to  the  Death  of  Christ, 
or,  Law  and  Justification. 

For  comprehensive  treatment  of  this  point,  read  pp.  57-62.  \\c 
cite  a  few  leading  texts:  Rom.  8:  1-4.  What  the  law  could  not  do,  in 
that  it  was  weak  through  the  flesh,  God,  sending  His  own  Son  in  the 
likeness  of  sinful  flesh,  and  as  an  offering  for  sin,  condemned  sin  in 
the  flesh,  that  the  ordinance  of  the  law  might  be  fulfilled  in  us,  who 
walk  after  the  spirit.  Rom.  10:4.  For  Christ  is  the  end  of  the  law 
for  righteousness  to  every  one  that  believeth.  Gal.  3:  13.  24.  Christ 
redeemed  us  from  the  curse  of  the  law,  having  become  a  curse  for  us. 
The  law  hath  been  our  tutor  to  bring  us  unto  Christ,  that  we  might 
be  justified  by  faith.  Gal.  4:4.  5.  God  sent  forth  His  Son.  born  of  a 
woman,  born  under  the  law,  that  He  might  redeem  them  that  were 
under  the  Law. 

5.  Law  and  Grace.    Presented  from  Two  Standpoints. 

(i)  As  Connected  with  Practical  Christian  Living. 

Rom.  6:  14,  15.  "  For  sin  shall  not  have  dominion  over  vou ;  for  ye 


Law  and  Adoption.  105 

are  not  under  law,  but  under  grace."  As  justified  believers,  against 
whom  the  law  has  no  longer  a  sentence  of  condemnation,  the  law's 
place  as  accuser  and  judge  is  vacated.  Grace,  represented  by  the 
Father,  watches  for  approval  or  disapproval,  and  summons  to  grate- 
ful thanksgiving  or  to  childlike  sorrow  and  confession.  "  What  then? 
shall  we  sin  because  we  are  not  under  law,  but  under  grace?  God 
forbid."  The  gratitude  and  peace  resulting  from  deliverance  by  grace 
from  the  law's  condemnation,  as  well  as  the  remembered  misery  caused 
by  past  transgression,  strongly  constrain  the  forgiven  soul  to  earnest 
avoidance  and  resistance  of  sin.  But  the  statement  of  Paul  touching 
our  new  life  goes  far  deeper  in  the  thirteen  preceding  verses.  By  our 
faith  in  Christ  and  appropriation  of  His  work,  we  become  personally 
identified  with  Him,  in  His  death,  burial  and  resurrection.  Our  faith 
crucifies  self  and  puts  sin  to  death.  So  from  henceforth  we  have  a 
new  principle  of  life.  And  this  deliverance  from  the  old  bondage 
of  sin.  this  emancipation  from  the  condemning  power  of  the  Law,  is 
all  of  grace.     See  i  Tim.  i  :  8,  9.  XL  506. 

[The  law  says,  "  Do  these  things  and  live,"  but  the  language  of 
the  gospel  is,  "  Live,  and  do  these  things."  The  gospel  declares  that 
we  are  saved,  not  by  our  works,  but  before  our  works.  Conquered  by 
gratitude,  the  believer  is  seized  with  a  desire  to  do  everything  for  Him 
who  hath  first  loved  him  and  given  Himself  for  him.  The  law  will 
become  to  him  more  dear  and  sacred.  But  he  will  observe  it  in  an- 
other spirit— as  the  law  of  love,  as  the  law  of  a  Father  and  a  Saviour. 
A.  Vinet.]  ' 

(2)  Law  and  Grace  as  United  in  the  Cross  and  upon  the 
Throne. 

This  double  union  is  beautifully  referred  to  by  the  Psalmist.  Ps. 
85:10.  IMercy  and  truth  are  met  together;  righteousness  and  peace 
have  kissed  each  other.  V.  77-79.  Ps.  89 :  14.  Righteousness  and  judg- 
ment are  the  foundation  of  Thy  throne;  mercy  and  truth  go  before 
Thy  face.  V.  98:  Ps.  101:1.  I  will  sing  of  mercy  and  judgment :  unto 
Thee,  O  Lord,  will  I  sing  praises.  V.  170,  171.  And  John,  in  the 
Apocalypse  (15:3),  shows  that  the  relation  is  recognized  in  the 
heavenly  worship:  and  they  sing  the  song  of  Moses  the  servant  of 
God,  and  the  Song  of  the  Lamb.  He  had  before  testified  in  his  Gospel, 
"  The  lav/  was  given  by  IMoses ;  grace  and  truth  came  by  Jesus  Christ." 

6.  Law  and  Adoption. 

Adoption,  or  Restored  Filial  Relations  with  God,  is  an  essential 
sequence,  a  vital  and  inexpressibly  precious  result  of  Justification; 


io6  Law  and  Faith. 

and  it  has  a  precisely  similar  relation  to  the  Law.  Both  the  precedent 
gracious  act  of  pronouncing  free  from  guilt  and  condemnation,  and 
the  subsequent  gracious  act  of  re-admission  to  childship  with  God, 
are  prompted  by  and  flow  from  Christ's  redeeming  Self-Offering.  And 
both  are  conditioned  upon  the  exercise  of  faith  in  and  penitent  glad 
acceptance  of  Christ.  One  affects  the  place  or  standing  of  the  be- 
liever; the  other  his  personal  condition  and  inmost  experiences. 
One  sets  the  believer  in  a  position  of  accepted  standing  before  the 
Law  and  of  Divine  approval.  The  other  bestows  the  result  of  that 
standing  and  approval,  a  reinstatement  of  the  justified  spirit  into  all 
the  rights  and  privileges  of  a  child  in  the  heart  and  household  of  God. 
In  thus  interpreting  the  relation  between  Law  and  Adoption,  wc 
simply  give  a  full  exposition  to  two  passages,  which  elsewhere  find 
ample  support  and  confirmation:  Gal.  3:  26  and  4:4,  5.  God  sent  forth 
His  Son,  born  of  a  woman,  born  under  the  law,  that  He  might  redeem 
them  that  were  under  the  law.  that  we  migli't  receive  the  adoption  of 
sons.  For  ye  are  all  the  children  of  God  by  faith  in  Christ  Jesus. 
John  1 :  12.  As  many  as  received  Him,  to  them  gave  He  the  right 
to  become  children  of  God,  even  to  them  that  believe  on  His  name. 

7.  Law  and  Faith.  Relation  of  the  Law  to  the  Be- 
liever. 

This  is  plainly  stated  by  Paul:  Rom.  3:31.  Do  we  make  the  law 
of  none  effect  through  faith?  God  forbid:  nay,  we  establish  the  law. 
XI.  210.  Again  he  says:  Rom.  8:4.  That  the  righteousness  of  the 
law  might  be  fulfilled  in  us,  who  walk  not  after  the  flesh,  but  after 
the  spirit.  XL  234.  Hence,  and  this  is  a  conclusion  of  intense  prac- 
tical worth,  the  believer  is  bound,  even  more  strongly  than  before  he 
believed,  to  the  fulfillment  of  the  law  of  God,  as  set  forth  by  Moses 
and  by  Christ.  But  he  is  now  bound  to  it  simply  as  a  rule  of  life, 
not,  as  before,  as  a  covenant  with  sanctions  of  life  or  death.  For, 
as  we  learned  above,  with  this  original  character  and  working  of  law 
the  believer  no  longer  has  to  do,  since  he  "  is  no  longer  under  law  but 
under  grace."  Yet  it  should  be  emphasized,  as  a  rule  of  daily  living 
his  obligation  to  obedience  is  intensified  by  gratitude  for  deliverance, 
and  also  by  the  fact  that  through  obedience  alone  are  faith,  peace  and 
purity  maintained  and  increased.     Eph.  2:10.  XL  421. 

To  put  this  matter  compactly  and  plainly  from  Paul's  full  state- 
ment: Christ  died  under  the  law  for  our  sin.  He  magnified  the  law 
by  dying  as  a  sacrifice  for  sin.  We,  by  faith  in  Him.  die  unto  sin, 
nnd   consef|ucntly   we   also  magnify  the   law   as   Christ   did.   and   the 


Law  and  Love.  107 

law  remains  in  force  as  a  rule  of  conduct.  We  are  freed  from  its 
condemnation  but  not  from  its  authority,  because  by  our  dying  unto 
sin,  i.e.,  by  our  self-crucifixion,  we  affirm  its  abiding  authority.  Hence 
the  supreme  passion  of  the  believer's  life  should  be  to  be  obedient  to 
the  Law  of  Love,  and  his  passionate  devotion  to  that  Law  perpetually 
manifests  itself  in  his  dying  unto  sin  and  living  unto  righteousness. 

8.  Threefold  Statement  of  the  Law's  Obligation  of 
Love.    Personal  Duty  Threefold  in  Form. 
First.     To  God. 

Thou  shalt  love  the  Lord  thy  God,  with  all  thy  heart,  and  with  all 
thy  soul.  This,  said  Christ,  is  the  great  and  first  commandm.ent,  to 
which  the  "  second  is  like  "  but  not  equal.  It  is  "  great  and  first " 
because  it  is  supreme  over  and  inclusive  of  the  second.  It  is  supreme 
and  all-inclusive  because  all  creature  duty  and  obligation  is  owed 
originally  and  fundamentally  to  God  only,  as  all  transgression  is  orig- 
inally and  fundamentally  against  God  and  God  only.  Ps.  51 :  4.  Against 
Thee  only  have  I  sinned.  But  under  this  supreme  obligation,  and 
included  in  it,  man  owes  duty  to  himself  and  his  fellow-man.  Tit.  2:  12. 

Second  and  Third.     To  his  Fellow-man,  and  to  Himself. 

These  are  combined  in  the  Second  Commandment  of  Christ  (the 
summary  of  the  Second  Table  by  Moses).  Thou  shalt  love  thy  neigh- 
bor as  thyself. 

As  to  Love  to  Neighbor. 

Both  Old  Testament  and  New  abound  in  specific  injunctions  to 
the  practice  of  helpfulness  to  others,  covering  every  need  of  human 
experience.  The  obligation  is  mutual  and  universal  among  all  mem- 
bers of  society.  It  demands  a  ceaseless  endeavor  to  supply  the  desti- 
tute, to  lift  up  the  degraded,  to  instruct  the  ignorant,  to  manifest 
sympathy  with  infirmity,  grief  and  wretchedness,  and,  above  all,  to 
win  the  soul  from  the  death  of  sin  to  the  life  of  righteousness  and 
trust,  of  love  and  consecration  to  Christ,  the  loving  God  and  Saviour. 

As  to  the  Love  of  Self. 

The  second  demand  of  Christ  distinctly  reveals  a  positive  require- 
ment of  Self-Love  by  the  Law  of  God,  since  the  required  Love  of 
Neighbor  is  compared  with  and  in  a  sense  measured  by  the  Love  of 
Self.  Hence  there  is  a  Self-Love  that  is  not  selUsh ;  a  love  of  self 
that  is  based  upon  a  just  conception  of  the  soul's  inherent  dignity  and 
worth,  as  made  in  God's  image,  with  capacity  for  knowledge  and  af- 


io8  Law  and  Morality. 

fection,  for  holy  character,  beneficent  activity  and  Divine  fellowship. 
And  this  high  conception  is  confirmed  and  still  more  exalted  by  the 
knowledge  of  Christ's  willing  offering  of  Himself  unto  humiliation 
and  death  for  the  soul's  restoration  to  life  and  abiding  fellowship  with 
God.  Thus  it  convincingly  appears  that  a  pure,  unselfish  love  of  self 
is  demanded  of  every  human  spirit  by  the  great  Law  of  Love. 

9.  Law  and  Morality. 

Morality  is  a  general  term  (of  large  use  among  men,  but  not 
found  in  Scripture)  expressing  the  fulfillment  of  duties  imposed 
by  the  precepts  of  the  Second  Table.  Christ  affirmed  supreme  love 
to  God  to  be  the  first,  great,  all-inclusive  Commandment,  plainly  imply- 
ing that  except  this  be  first  obeyed  there  could  be  no  acceptable  obedi- 
ence to  the  Second.  In  other  words.  He  declared  that  genuine  love 
to  fellow-men  must  be  preceded  by  and  based  upon  supreme  love  to 
God ;  that  mere  outward  regard  to  the  rights,  and  help  to  the  needs 
of  fellow-men,  though  good  and  desirable,  are  of  no  avail  with  God, 
are  not  reckoned  as  obedience  to  His  Law,  unless  prompted  and  vital- 
ized by  a  supreme,  all-mastering  love  to  Him.  In  still  other  words, 
genuine,  acceptable  morality  must  be  rooted  in  and  spring  from  piety 
or  godliness.  This  great  truth,  with  all  its  breadth  of  application,  is 
specially  emphasized  in  two  passages:  Matt.  19:16-22.  The  young 
ruler  had  kept  all  the  precepts  of  the  Second  Table,  and  Christ  loved 
him  for  so  much  of  natural  goodness.  But  he  turned  from  the  Lord's 
appeal  for  supreme  heart  affection.  X.  389.  i  Cor.  13:1-3.  "If  I 
bestow  all  my  goods  to  feed  the  poor,  and  give  my  body  to  be  burned, 
but  have  not  love,  it  profiteth  me  nothing."  Xo  other  love  than  an 
all-mastering  love  to  God  can  possibly  interpret  the  sublime  utterances 
of  this  whole  chapter. 

The  same  truth  underlies  two  other  expressions  of  Christ:  Matt. 
16:24.  Deny  himself,  take  up  the  cross.  X.  276.  Matt.  25:40.  Ye 
have  done  it  unto  Me.  X.  462.  Hence  all  specific  moral  statutes  are 
only  minute  and  special  applications  of  the  principles  of  action  em- 
bodied in  the  Law  of  God,  and  find  their  vital  force  and  motive  power 
in  that  Law.  XI.  476,  609. 

Read  further:  Prov.  14:12.  VI.  322.  Prov.  16:25.  \1.  341. 
Prov.  30:  12.  VI.  423.  Also  II.  108.  For  comment  sec  Top.  An.,  pp. 
326-328. 

10.  The  Law  of  God  and  the  Word  of  God. 

The  relation  between  them  is  neither  direct  nor  positive.     It  is 


Will  of  God.  lOQ 

simply  this :  that  in  the  Word  of  the  Old  Testament,  the  Law  is  spoken 
of  or  referred  to  as  a  representative  element  and  factor  of  Divine 
Revelation.  The  prominent  passages  are:  Ps.  19:  7-13.  Ps.  119:  i,  2, 
33-36,  92,  93,  96-98,  112,  126-128,  165,  172,  176.  In  the  Psalmist's 
comparison  (19th  Psalm)  betvi^een  the  tvi'O  Revelations  of  God,  in 
Nature  and  in  His  Book,  as  to  the  character  and  effect  of  their  testi- 
mony, he  singles  out  the  Law  itself  as  the  central,  most  representative 
and  vital  fact  of  inspired  Old  Testament  disclosure,  saying,  The  Lazv 
of  Jehovah  is  perfect.  Then  in  a  succession  of  statements,  applying 
various  specific  terms,  of  equivalent  reference,  he  exalts  the  inherent 
spiritual  efficiency  and  fruitfulness  of  the  Divine  Word,  as  thus 
viewed  from  the  standpoint  of  this  central  truth  of  Law  as  Love. 
And  the  119th  Psalm  presents  a  large  detail  of  spiritual  requirements 
included  in  the  comprehensive  Commandment  of  love  to  God  and 
man,  and  dilates  even  more  largely  upon  the  precious  results  in  spir- 
itual experience  of  habitual  response  to  those  requirements.  So  in 
the  personal  utterances  of  many  other  Psalms  we  may  trace  the  same 
references  to  specific  requirements  and  the  same  resultant  experiences. 
Indeed,  it  would  seem  that  the  great  purpose  of  this  Old  Testament 
Book  of  Praise  and  Prayer,  of  confession  and  supplication,  of  holy 
desires  and  heavenward  breathings,  is  to  furnish,  in  object-lesson 
form,  a  manual  for  spiritual  instruction  and  help  to  the  saints  of  after 
ages — and  above  all  other  teaching,  because  itself  at  that  period  the 
chief  theme  of  thought,  to  exalt  the  Law  of  Love  as  the  rule  of  daily 
spiritual  living,  and  to  show  how  that  Law  enters  into  all  the  various 
moods  and  experiences  of  actual  Godlike  life. 


WILL  OF  GOD.      Scripture  References: 

No  Definite  Reference  to  Creation.  "  God  said,  Let  Light 
be,"  "  God  created,"  etc.,  are  the  forms  in  which  His  will  is  revealed 
in  Creation. 


The  Will  of  God  in  Providence. 

Dan.  4:  35.  He  doeth  according  to  His  will  in  the  army  of  heaven 
and  among  the  inhabitants  of  the  earth.  IX.  253.  Rom.  9:  19.  Who 
withstandeth  His  will?  Rom.  15:32.  That  I  may  come  unto  you  by 
the  will  of  God.  James  4:  15.  If  the  Lord  will  we  shall  do  this  or 
that.  I  Pet.  3:  17.  Better,  if  the  Lord  should  so  will,  that  ye  suffer, 
etc.     I  Pet.  4:  19.  Let  them  that  suffer  according  to  the  will  of  God 


no  Will  of  God. 

commit  their  souls  to  Him.  Lam.  3 :  2,3-  Doth  not  afflict  willingly 
(though  it  be  His  will  to  afflict),  i  Cor.  12:  11.  Dividing  to  each 
one  severally,  even  as  He  will. 

The  Will  of  God  in  Man's  Redemption. 

In  the  Sacrifice  of  Christ: 

Gal.  1 : 4.  Who  gave  Himself  for  our  sins,  according  to  the  will 
of  God.     Heb.  10:  7.  I  come  to  do  Thy  will,  O  God. 

In  Regeneration : 

John  I  :  13.  Born  (begotten)  not  of  the  will  of  flesh,  nor  of  man, 
but  of  God. 

In  Sanctification : 

I  The?.  4:  3.  For  this  is  the  will  of  God,  even  your  sanctification. 
Heb.  10:  10.  By  which  (whose)  will  we  have  been  sanctified  through 
the  offering  of  the  body  of  Jesus  Christ  once  for  all. 

In  Adoption: 

Eph.  I  :  5.  Having  foreordained  us  unto  adoption  as  sons,  through 
Jesus  Christ,  unto  Himself,  according  to  the  good  pleasure  of  His  will, 
to  the  praise  of  His  grace  (not  His  zuill). 

In  Perfecting  and  Assurance: 

Col.  4:  12.  That  ye  may  stand  perfect  and  fully  assured  in  all  the 
will  of  God. 

In  Resurrection  to  Eternal  Life: 

John  6:  39.  This  is  the  will  of  Him  that  sent  me,  that  of  all  that 
which  He  hath  given  me  I  should  lose  nothing,  but  should  raise  it  up 
at  the  last  day.     Repeated  in  vs.  40. 

All  Summed  up  in  Salvation: 

I  Tim.  Who  willeth  that  all  men  shall  be  saved.  John  6:  40.  This 
is  the  will  of  my  Father,  that  every  one  that  beholdeth  the  Son,  and 
believeth  on  Him  should  have  eternal  life.  Eph.  i  :  9-1 1.  Made  known 
unto  us  the  mystery  of  His  will,  to  sum  up  all  things  in  Christ,  in 
whom  also  we  were  made  a  heritage,  having  been  foreordained  ac- 
cording to  the  purpose  of  Him  who  worketh  all  things  after  the 
counsel  of  His  will. 


Will  of  God.  Ill 

The  Will  of  God  for  Man's  Redemption  only  Withheld 
by  Man's  Refusing  and  Rejecting  that  Will.  John  5 :  40.  Ye 
will  not  come  unto  Me  that  ye  may  have  life!  Matt.  23:37.  How 
often  would  I  have  gathered  thy  children  together,  .  .  .  and  ye 
would  not !  It  is  the  wilful  element  in  sin  or  disobedience  that  is 
everywhere  emphasized  as  the  basal  cause  of  condemnation. 

The  Will  of  God  Touching  Christian  Living. 

I  Thes.  5:  14-18.  (Exhortations  to)  Admonish  the  disorderly,  en- 
courage the  faint-hearted,  support  the  weak,  be  long-suffering  to  all; 
see  that  none  render  unto  any  one  evil  for  evil,  but  always  follow 
that  which  is  good  toward  all;  rejoice  alway ;  pray  without  ceasing; 
in  everything  give  thanks;  for  (writes  Paul)  this  is  the  zvill.of  God- 
in  Christ  Jesus  to  you-ward.  i  Pet.  2:  15 :  So  is  the  will  of  God  that 
by  well-doing  ye  should  put  to  silence  the  ignorance  of  foolish  men. 
I  Pet.  4:2.  Ye  no  longer  should  live  the  rest  of  your  time  in  the  flesh 
to  the  lusts  of  men,  but  to  the  will  of  God. 

Results  of  Doing  the  Will  of  God,  mainly  in  the  form 
of  Promise. 

I  John  2:17.  He  that  doeth  the  will  of  God  abideth  forever. 
Matt.  7:21.  He  that  doeth  the'  will  of  My  Father  shall  enter  into 
heaven.  Mark  3:35.  Whosoever  shall  do  the  will  of  God,  is  My 
brother.  My  sister,  My  mother.  John  7:17.  If  any  man  willeth  to 
do  His  will,  he  shall  know  of  the  teaching,  whether  it  be  of  God.  i 
John  5:  14.  If  we  ask  anything  according  to  His  will.  He  heareth  us, 
Rom.  12. 2.  Be  not  fashioned  according  to  this  world,  but  be  ye 
transformed  by  the  renewing  of  your  mind,  that  ye  may  prove  what 
is  the  good  and  acceptable  and  perfect  will  of  God.  Heb.  10:36.  Ye 
have  need  of  patience,  that,  having  done  the  will  of  God,  ye  may 
receive  the  promise.  Heb.  13  :  21.  The  God  of  peace  make  you  perfect 
in  every  good  thing  to  do  His  will.  Col.  i  :  9.  I  cease  not  to  pray  that 
ye  may  be  filled  with  the  knowledg^e  of  His  zvill,  in  all  spiritual  wis- 
dom and  understanding,  to  walk  worthily  of  the  Lord  unto  all  pleasing. 
Eph.  5:  17.  Understand  what  the  will  of  the  Lord  is.  Eph.  6:6.  As 
servants  of  Christ,  doing  the  will  of  God  from  the  heart.  The  daily 
cry  of  a  submissive,  trusting  heart:  Teach  v.ir  to  do  Thy  will,  O  Lord! 
(Ps.  143:  10.)     Thy  will.be  done!  (Matt.  6:  10.) 


112  Love  of  God. 


LOVE   OF   GOD. 

Love.  Its  Distinguishing  Characteristics  as  Inti- 
mated in  the  Scriptures. 

Love  is  the  Normal  Condition  and  Action  of  God  Himself, 

and  of  every  creature  spirit  as  created  by  Him.  it  is  a  spontaneous 
outcome  of  the  outlooking  benevolent  heart,  longing  and  seeking  to 
commtniicate  itself  and  all  that  it  can  give  and  do  for  the  joy  and 
blessing  of  the  Creator  and  His  creature,  i  John  4:8.  God  is  love. 
XI.  694-698. 

Love  and  Holiness  Comprise  the  Chief  Qualities  in  the 
Divine  Character,  prompting  and  permeating  all  other  qualities; 
as  Justice,  Righteousness,  Faithfulness,  Truth,  Goodness  and  Grace. 
Together  they  furnish  the  source  and  the  motive  force  of  the  Divine 
Working  in  Creation,  Providence  and  Redemption.  We  may  not  as- 
sign precedence  or  pre-eminence  to  either.  Both  are  vital  elements 
of  His  Law,  which  is  the  principle  and  basis  of  His  Acts,  and  the 
rule  of  His  dealing  with  and  government  over  His  spiritual  creation. 
Both  have  a  side  of  sweet  and  reverent  attractiveness,  and  a  side  of 
stern  severity.  And  both  equally  manifest,  extol  and  glorify  the  in- 
finite, changeless  God,  in  whose  heart  they  have  eternally  and  bless- 
edly co-existed. 

Love  is  the  Substance  and  End  of  the  Law's  Requirements 

of  men  and  angels,  and  by  Love  the  Law's  purposes  arc  defined  and 
achieved.  I  Tim.  i :  5.  The  end  of  the  commandment  is  love.  Rom. 
13:  10.  Love  is  the  fulfillment  of  law. 

Love  has  a  constraining  force,  which  irreprcssibly  leads  to 
its  own  appropriate  acting.  It  prompted  God  to  Creation  and  Re- 
demption. And  the  force  of  God's  manifest  love  prompts  the  re- 
deemed believing  man  to  responsive  love  and  to  obedience.  2  Cor. 
5:14.  The  love  of  Christ  (shed  abroad  in  the  heart  by  the  Holy 
Spirit)  constraineth  us  (to  "live  unto  Him  who  died"  for  us). 
Specifically,  love  energizes  faith,  imparts  to  it  impelling  motive  and 
working  force.     Gal.  5:6.  Faith  worketh  through  love. 

Love,  in  God  and  Man,  is  revealed  as  including  an  Ele- 
ment of  Self-Sacrifice.  In  God  this  appears  as  original,  voluntary 
and  exemplary.     In   man   it   is  the  effect  of  the  wonderful   Divine 


Love  of  God.  113 

example  and  of  constrained  gratitude  for  the  self-offering  of  Christ. 
Rom.  5 : 8.  God  commandeth  His  own  love  toward  us,  in  that,  while 
we  were  yet  sinners,  Christ  died  for  us.  John  4:  19.  We  love  Him, 
because  He  first  loved  us.  Gal.  2 :  20.  Who  loved  me,  and  gave  Him- 
self up  for  me.  Phil.  3 :  8-10.  I  count  all  things  loss,  that  I  may  know 
Him,  and  the  fellowship  of  His  sufferings,  becoming  conformed  unto 
His  death.  [Love,  which  is  the  happiness  of  God  himself,  must  also 
be  the  supreme  felicity  of  the  being  whom  God  has  made  in  His  own 
image.  Every  other  happiness  is  unworthy  of  this  being,  and  does 
not  satisfy  him.  Selfish  enjoyment  requires  to  receive,  and  has  never 
received  enough;  love  requires  to  give,  and  has  never  given  enough. 
Sacrifices  exhaust  the  one  and  maintain  the  other;  and  while  the  first 
would  gain  nothing  by  gaining  the  world,  the  second  grows  rich  upon 
its  very  losses.     A.  Vinct.'] 

The  Love  of  God  to  Men. 

Note.  The  Scripture  phrase  "  love  of  God  "  refers  to  and  means 
God's  love  to  us,  not  our  love  to  God.  As  it  is  God's  love  that  is 
"  shed  abroad  in  our  hearts"  (i  John  4:  18,  19.  XI.  697,  8),  so  it  is 
Christ's  love  to  us  that  He  enjoins  us  to  "continue  in,"  John  15:9; 
and  God's  love  that  Jude  (v.  21)  instructs  us  to  "  keep  ourselves  in." 
Our  love  to  God  has  neither  merit  nor  strength,  neither  staying  nor 
resisting  power,  nor  sufficiency  of  any  sort.  God's  love  possesses  all 
these.  It  is  Christ's  hold  of  us  (Phil.  3:12;  John  10:28,  29).  not 
our  hold  of  Christ,  that  avails  for  our  deliverance,  assurance  and 
comfort.  And  this  hold  is  exerted  through  the  constraint  of  His  in- 
dwelling and  inworking  love. 

God's  Love  Everlasting  and  Immeasurable. 

Jer.  31  :  3  (a  text  to  be  associated  and  indelibly  memorized  with 
John  3:  16,  each  "a  little  Gospel").  /  have  loved  thee  zvifh  an  ever- 
lasting love;  therefore  zvith  loz'ing-kinducss  have  I  drazvn  thee.  VIII. 
539-541.  John  13:1.  He  loved  them  to  the  end  (or  uttermost).  X. 
467.  Deut.  7:7.  8.  13.  Set  His  love  upon  you,  .  .  .  loveth  you; 
.  will  love  and  bless  thee.  II.  645.  Hosea  11  :  4-  I  (l^ew  them 
with  bands  of  a  man,  with  cords  of  love.  IX.  368.  Zeph.  3:  17.  He 
will  rejoice  over  thee  with  joy:  He  will  rest  in  His  love.  IX.  534. 
John  15:9.  Even  as  the-Father  hath  loved  Me,  so  have  I  loved  you. 
X.  491.  Eph.  3:  18,  19.  Ye,  being  rooted  and  grounded  in  love,  may 
be  able  to  apprehend  what  is  the  breadth  and  length  and  height  and 
depth,  and  to  know  the  love  of  Christ  which  passeth  knowledge.  XT. 


114  Love  of  God. 

425.  I  John  3:  I.  Behold  what  manner  of  love  the  Father  hath  be- 
stowed upon  us,  that  we  should  be  called  children  of  God.  XL  689, 
690.  Titus  3 : 4.  The  kindness  of  God  our  Saviour  and  His  love 
toward  man  appeared,  i  John  4:16.  And  we  know  and  have  be- 
lieved the  love  which  God  hath  toward  iis.  XI.  697.  Ezck.  36:22. 
For  Mine  holy  Name's  sake.  IX.  155-157.  [Ephes.  3:17-19.  The 
love  of  Christ  is  unspeakable  in  its  Icm^tli.  It  had  no  beginning,  has 
no  break,  knows  no  end.  It  is  unspeakable  in  its  breadth;  it  includes 
each  and  all.  It  is  unspeakable  in  its  depth;  it  saves  to  the  uttermost. 
It  is  unspeakable  in  its  height;  it  makes  us  joint-heirs  with  Christ. 
To  know  the  love  of  Christ  is  the  one  secret  of  Christian  peace  and 
power.  By  so  much  as  we  are  rooted  and  grounded  by  faith  in  that 
amazing  and  unspeakable  love,  we  have  Christ  dwelling  in  us,  we  are 
filled  with  all  the  fullness  of  God,  we  are  made  strong  in  Christian 
character  and  service.  This  is  our  one  great  task,  to  make  real  to 
ourselves  the  love  of  Christ  for  us.     Behrends.} 

The  Love  of  God  clearly  shown  in  the  wise  and  orderly 
adaptations  of  the  Natural  Creation  to  Man's  needs  and 

COmtort.  As  illustrative  points  we  refer  to  the  seeding  and  fruit- 
fulness  of  the  earth,  the  adjustments  of  day  and  night,  the  diversities 
of  temperature,  the  succession  of  the  ppn^ons.  together  with  the 
corresponding  fitnesses  of  rpnn's  physical  structure  and  capacities. 

The  Love  of  God  more  clearly  manifested  in  the 
ample  Goodness  of  Providence. 

1.  In  the  original  charters  of  food,  and  of  dominion  over  the 
earth  and  the  animal  creation.  Gen.  1:28-31.  I.  155.  Gen.  9:3.  I. 
252. 

2.  In  the  establishment  of  the  Family  and  the  Community,  and 
of  Civil  Government,  and  in  the  general  ordering  of  human  govern- 
ments and  their  history. 

3.  In  the  special  ordering  of  the  events  of  personal  history,  and 
the  allotment  of  individual  experience  and  condition  in  harmonious 
connection  with  personal   freedom  of  choice  and  action. 

The  Love  of  God  most  signally  manifested,  and  with 
the  deepest,  most  attractive  and  tender  emphasis  dis- 
closed to  heaven  and  earth,  in  the  Incarnation  and  Aton- 


Love  of  God.  115 

ing  Death  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  the  God-Man  Re- 
deemer. 

Only  Love  prompted,  devised  and  executed  the  wondrous  Plan 
of  Grace.  Only  Love  sent  the  Son,  and  led  Him  to  willing  obedience 
unto  death,  the  shameful  death  of  the  Cross.  John  3:  16.  For  God 
so  loved  the  world,  that  He  gave  His  only  begotten  Son,  that  whoso- 
ever believeth  on  Him,  should  not  perish,  but  have  eternal  life.  Heb. 
12:2.  Who,  for  the  joy  set  before  Him,  endured  the  cross,  despising 
the  shame.  John  15 :  13.  Greater  love  hath  no  man  than  this,  that 
a  man  lay  down  his  life  for  his  friends.  Rom.  5 : 8.  God  commandeth 
His  own  love  toward  us,  in  that,  while  we  were  yet  sinners,  Christ 
died  for  us.  Gal.  2:20.  The  Son  of  God.  who  loved  me,  and  gave 
Himself  up  for  me.  i  John  4:  9,  10.  Herein  is  love,  not  that  we  loved 
God,  but  that  He  loved  us,  and  sent  His  Son  to  be  the  propitiation 
for  our  sins.  Herein  was  the  love  of  God  manifested,  that  God  hath 
sent  His  only  begotten  Son  into  the  world,  that  we  might  live  through 
Him.  XL  696,  7.  Eph.  2 : 4.  God,  being  rich  in  mercy,  for  His  great 
love  wherewith  He  loved  us,  even  when  we  were  dead  through  our 
trespasses,  quickened  us  together  with  Christ.  Rom.  8 :  38,  39.  Rev. 
1 :  5.  Thus  the  Cross  of  Christ  authenticates  and  confirms  in  all  its 
fullness  Jehovah's  own  wonderful  utterance  by  the  prophet  Jeremiah, 
"I  have  loved  thee  with  an  everlasting  love,  therefore  with  loving- 
kindness  have  I  drazvn  thee." 

[God  loves  with  an  everlasting  love.  The  Son  of  God  and  the 
Man  of  Sorrows  devoted  Himself  for  those  who  had  no  claim  on 
Him  but  that  of  guilt  and  misery.  He  came  from  a  throne  to  a  cross 
for  them,  and  we  see  written  on  it,  "  Herein  is  love,  not  that  we  loved 
God,  but  that  God  loved  us."  This  love  comes  from  a  Divine  foun- 
tain through  a  Human  heart,  that  human  hearts  may  feel  the  respon- 
sive throb,  "  We  love  Him  who  first  loved  us."     Ker. 

When  God,  the  Perfect  Being,  loves  the  creature  of  His  hand. 
He  must  perfor.ce  love  with  the  whole  directness,  and  strength,  and 
intensity  of  His  Being;  for  He  is  God,  and  therefore  incapable  of 
partial  and  imperfect  action.  He  must  give  Himself  to  the  single 
soul  with  as  absolute  a  completeness  as  if  there  were  no  other  being 
besides  it.  Therefore  we  find  Paul  writing  to  the  Galatians  as  if  his 
own  single  soul  had  been  redeemed  by  the  sacrifice  of  Calvary :  "  Lie 
loved  me,  and  gave  Hirnself  for  me."    H.  P.  Liddon.'] 


ii6  Grace  of  God. 


GROUP  OF  SPECIAL  TOPICS  REVEALING  THE 
LARGE  AND  BLESSED  OUTCOME  OF  THE 
LOVE  OF  GOD. 

GRACE    AND    MERCY    OF    GOD. 

GRACE.  A  comprehensive  word  of  boundless  reach  and  an 
infinite  depth  of  significance,  signifying  unHmited  favor  to  the  un- 
deserving, all  who  by  reason  of  transgression  have  forfeited  every 
claim  to  Divine  favor,  and  have  lost  all  capacity  for  meritorious 
action.  Grace  includes  Goodness,  or  the  kindly  and  beneficent  treat- 
ment of  God  in  His  Providence,  equally  to  just  and  unjust,  evil  and 
good;  and  Mercy,  or  favor  to  the  ill-deserving,  the  guilty  and  con- 
demned. Ps.  23 :  6.  Goodness  and  Mercy  will  follow  me  all  the  days 
of  my  life.  IV.  186,  7.  Grace  first  used.  Gen.  6:8.  I.  234.  ["Grace 
is  a  name  for  the  energy  of  love  as  it  goes  out  toward  the  undeserv- 
ing; mercy  a  name  for  the  pitying  disposition  of  God  toward  sinners, 
or  ill-deserving."     Stcz'cns.'] 

God,  the  Fountain  and  Giver  of  Grace.    Rom.   1:5.  7. 

Grace  from  God  our  Father,  and  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  By  w^hom 
we  received  grace.  John  i :  17.  Grace  and  truth  came  through  Jesus 
Christ.  X.  66.  Rev.  i  :  4.  Grace  from  Him  which  is  and  which  was 
and  which  is  to  come  and  from  the  seven  Spirits.  XI.  718.  Spirit  of 
grace.  Zech.  12:  10.  IX.  603.  Heb.  10:29.  Word  of  His  Grace.  Acts 
20:32.  XI.  148.  Rom.  6:23.  The  free  gift  of  God  is  eternal  life  in 
Christ  Jesus  our  Lord.  XI.  226. 

Grace  Sufficient  and  Abounding.    John  i :  14.  Wc  have 

received  grace  for  grace.  X.  66.  Rom.  5:  17.  Receive  abundance  of 
grace.  Rom.  5:20.  Where  sin  abounded,  grace  did  much  more 
abound.  2  Cor.  4:15.  All  things  for  your  sakes  that  the  abundant 
grace  might  redound  to  the  glory  of  God.  Eph.  1:6.  To  the  praise 
of  the  glory  of  His  grace,  freely  bestowed  on  us  in  the  Beloved.  XT. 
416.  Eph.  2:7.  The  exceeding  riches  of  His  grace  toward  us  in 
Christ  Jesus.  XI.  420.  I  Tim.  I  :  14.  The  grace  of  our  Lord  abound- 
cth  exceedingly.  XL  507.  James  4:6.  He  givcth  more  grace.  XT. 
636.     Ps.  84:  II.  Giveth  grace  and  glory,  no  good  doth  He  withhold. 


Grace  of  God.  117 

V.  71.  2.  2  Cor.  9:8.  God  is  able  to  make  grace  abound,  i  Pet.  5: 
10.  God  of  all  grace.  XI.  669. 

["  Riches  of  grace  "  is  a  figure  in  which  Paul  seems  to  delight. 
The  Lord,  he  says,  is  "  rich  in  mercy  unto  all  that  call  upon  Him." 
He  tells  of  the  "  riches  of  His  goodness,"  "  the  exceeding  riches  of 
His  grace,"  "  the  unsearchable  riches  of  Christ."  The  gospel  which 
proclaims  His  mercy  he  calls  "  a  treasure,"  and  says  that  in  that 
Saviour  of  whom  it  testifies  "  are  hidden  all  the  treasures  of  wisdom 
and  knowledge."     C.  Bradley. '\ 

Grace  linked  with  every  particular  of  spiritual  ex- 
perience. IVith  calling  and  election.  Gal.  1:15.  Called  me 
through  His  grace.  2  Tim.  i :  9.  Called  us  according  to  His  own 
purpose  and  grace.  XI.  530.  With  faith.  Acts  18:27.  Rom.  4:  16. 
Of  faith,  by  grace.  XI.  213.  With  Justification  and  Pardon.  Rom. 
3  :  24.  Justified  freely  by  His  grace.  XL  209.  Titus  3 :  7.  Eph.  i :  7. 
Forgiveness  of  sins  according  to  the  riches  of  His  grace.  With 
Quickening.  Eph.  2:5,  6.  Hath  quickened  us  together  with  Christ 
(by  grace)  and  raised  us  up  with  Him.  With  needed  strength.  2 
Cor.  12:9.  My  grace  is  sufficient  for  thee.  With  hope.  2  Thes.  2: 
16.  Good  hope  through  grace.  XL  502.  i  Pet.  i :  13.  With  salvation 
and  Eternal  Life.  Eph.  2:8.  By  grace  are  ye  saved  ...  it  is 
the  gift  of  God.  XL  420.  Titus  2:11.  The  grace  of  God  hath  ap- 
peared to  all  men,  bringing  salvation.  XL  548.  Rom.  5:  21.  So  might 
grace  reign  through  righteousness  unto  eternal  life  through  Jesus 
Christ.  Rom.  2:7.  XL  205.  Illus.  Grace  at  consummation.  Zech. 
4:7-  IX.  567,8. 

God's  Mercy-seat  His  Throne  of  Grace,  open  to  our 

approach.  Heb.  4 :  16.  Come  boldly  unto  the  throne  of  grace  and  find 
grace  to  help  in  time  of  need.  [The  grace  we  are  encouraged  to  ask  is 
grace  for  present  need,  and  not  grace  for  future  supposed  necessities. 
Grace  to  suffer  is  for  a  suffering  season ;  grace  to  die  is  for  dying  mo- 
ments ;  then,  but  not  before,  is  the  "  time  of  need."  Grace  for  present 
duty  or  trial  ought  to  be  the  immediate  object  of  our  prayer ;  grace 
proportioned  to  our  present  necessity;  either  to  resist  temptations,  to 
strengthen  and  guide  us  for  duty,  or  to  support  us  under  infirmity  and 
affliction.     R.  Walker.'] 

Unbelievers  besought  to  seek  the  grace  of  God.  2  Cor.  6:1. 
We  beseech  you  that  ye  receive  not  the  grace  of  God  in  vain.  XL 


ii8  Mercy  of  God. 

368.     Heb.  12:  15.  Lest  any  man  fail  of  the  grace  of  God.  XL  609. 
Heb.  10:  29. 


Other  Connections  of  Grace.  With  Law.  Rom.  6 :  14.  Not 
under  law  but  under  grace.  IP'ith  Christ's  death  for  all.  Heb.  2:9. 
By  the  grace  of  God  tasted  death  for  every  man.  With  the  Word. 
Acts  14 :  3 ;  20 :  32.  Word  of  His  grace.  With  peace,  i  Pet.  i :  2, 
etc.  With  glory,  i  Pet.  5:10.  The  God  of  grace  who  called  us  to 
glory.  Ps.  84:11.  Giveth  grace  and  glory.  With  Christlike  char- 
acter and  living,  i  Cor.  15:  10.  By  the  grace  of  God  I  am  what  I 
am.  Heb.  13 :  9.  Good  that  the  heart  be  established  by  grace.  With 
Christian  service.  Heb.  12 :  28.  Let  us  have  grace,  whereby  we  may 
offer  service  well-pleasing  to  God  with  reverence  and  awe.  With 
Christian  grozvth.  Grow  in  grace,  etc.  James  4:6.  He  giveth  more 
grace.  Prov.  3 :  34.  He  giveth  grace  to  the  lowly,  i  Pet.  5:5.  To 
the  humble.  With  prayer — an  "  exceeding  great  and  precious  prom- 
ise." Zech.  12:  10.  I  will  pour  the  Spirit  of  grace  and  of  supplication. 
IX.  603. 

MERCY. 

Infrequently  applied  to  the  beneficences  of  God  to  men  as  de- 
pendent and  needy.  Its  chief  and  specific  reference  is  to  men  as  sin- 
ners under  God's  frown  and  the  Law's  condemnation.  In  this  refer- 
ence it  expresses  God's  favor  to  the  ill-deserving,  or  guilty  and  con- 
demned. That  this  and  nothing  less  than  this  is  its  radical  and  vital 
meaning  in  all  the  great  texts  of  both  Testaments  will  appear  by  the 
thoughtful  reading  of  a  few  of  these  texts:  Ex.  20:  6  and  34:  7.  Keep- 
ing mercy  for  thousands,  taking  away  iniquity,  transgression,  and  sin. 
TI.  168,  9,  265.  Ps.  100:  5.  Mercy  endureth  forever.  V.  169.  Ps.  103: 
Ti,  17.  Mercy  from  everlasting  to  everlasting.  V.  182-185.  Ps.  13:5. 
IV.  105.  Ps.  32:  10.  IV.  245.  Ps.  51:  1-3.  IV.  367.  Ps.  57:  10.  IV. 
403.  Ps.  62:  12.  IV.  423.  Ps.  85:  ID.  Mercy  and  truth  have  met.  V. 
yj.  Ps.  loi :  I.  Mercy  and  judgment.  V.  170.  Ps.  103:  11.  As  heaven 
above  earth,  so  great  His  mercy.  V.  182.  Ps.  130:7,  8.  Mercy,  plen- 
teous redemption.  V.  403.  Ps.  145:8.  V.  473.  Prov.  28:13.  Ep^i- 
2:4.  Rich  in  mercy.  XL  419.  Titus  3:5.  According  to  His  mercy 
hath  saved  us.  XL  550.  Jude  21.  Looking  for  mercy  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ  unto  eternal  life. 

Thus  defined  as  favor  to  the  ill-deserving  or  the  guilty  and  con- 
demned, Mercy  includes  two  specific  acts  of  God  as  Lawgiver  and 
Father : 


Beatitudes. 


119 


1.  Pardon,  or  remission  of  the  penalty  of  sin,  i.e.,  of  the  pun- 
ishment pronounced  against  the  transgressor ;  together  with  restora- 
tion to  an  accepted  standing  before  the  Law. 

2.  Forgiveness,  whereby  the  Father's  disapproval  and  dis- 
pleasure are  replaced  by  His  approval  and  favor.  With  these  con- 
stituent elements  of  mercy  the  texts  will  be  found  in  harmony. 

Neh.  9:  17.  A  God  ready  to  pardon.  Micah  7:  18.  Who  is  a  God 
like  Thee,  that  pardoneth  iniquity  ?  IX.  490.  Isa.  55 :  5.  Abundantly 
pardon.  VIII.  305.  Ps.  25:  11.  For  Thy  name's  sake,  pardon  my  in- 
iquity. IV.  197.  Ps.  32:  I,  5.  I  acknowledged  my  sin,  and  Thou  for- 
gavest.' IV.  238-241.  Ps.  86:5.  Ready  to  forgive.  V.  82.  Ps.  99:8. 
V.  164.  Ps.  103:3.  Forgiveth  all  thine  iniquities.  V.  180.  Ps.  130:4. 
Forgiveness  with  Thee.  V.  400,  i.  Acts  13:38.  Through  Him  for- 
giveness of  sins.  XI.  97.  Eph.  4 :  2i2.  For  Christ's  sake,  forgiven  you- 
XI.  434.     I  John  I  :  9.  Faithful  and  just  to  forgive.  XL  684. 


BEATITUDES,  of  Old  and  New  Testaments.  Who  are 
Blessed,  or  Happy: 

Old  Testament.  In  the  Laws  of  Moses.  II.  682,  686,  694.  Ps. 
1 :  1-3.  The  man  whose  delight  is  in  the  law  of  Jehovah,  and  doth 
mediate  day  and  night.  Whatsoever  he  doeth  shall  prosper.  IV.  42, 
43,  45.  Ps.  2:  12.  They  that  put  their  trust  (take  refuge)  in  Him. 
Ps.  34:8.  IV.  253,  29S.  Ps.  40:4.  Ps.  41:1.  That  considereth  the 
poor.  Ps.  32 :  I,  2.  He  whose  transgression  is  forgiven,  imto  whom 
the  Lord  imputeth  not  iniquity.  IV.  238.  Ps.  84:  5,  12.  Whose  strength 
is  in  Thee;  in  whose  heart  are  the  highways  to  Zion.  V.  68.  Ps.  94: 
12.  The  man  whom  Thou  chastenest  and  teachest.  V.  136.  Ps.  106 : 
3.  They  that  keep  judgment  and  do  righteousness.  V.  212.  Ps.  112:  i. 
The  man  that  feareth  Jehovah,  that  delighteth  in  His  commandments. 
V.  248.  Ps.  119:  I,  2.  They  that  are  upright,  who  walk  in  the  Law, 
keep  His  testimonies,  seek  Him  with  the  whole  heart.  V.  287.  Ps. 
128:  I.  That  feareth  the  Lord  and  walketh  in  His  ways.  V.  391.  Isa. 
32:20.  That  sow  beside  all  waters.  VIII.  160.  Isa.  56:2.  That  keep- 
eth  'the  Sabbath,  from  profaning  it,  and  keepeth  his  hand  from  doing 
evil.  VIII.  315;  Jer.  17:7,  8.  That  trusteth  in,  and  whose  hope  the 
Lord  is.  VIII.  477. 

New  Testament.  Matt.  5 :  3-10.  The  poor  in  spirit,  for  theirs 
is  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven.     They  that  mourn,  for  they  shall  be  com- 


I20  Covenants  of  God. 

forted.  The  meek,  for  they  inherit  the  earth.  They  who  hunger  and 
thirst  after  righteousness,  for  they  shall  be  filled.  The  merciful,  for 
they  obtain  mercy.  The  pure  in  heart,  for  they  shall  see  God.  The 
peacemakers,  for  they  shall  be  children  of  God.  The  persecuted  for 
righteousness,  for  theirs  is  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven.  XL  143-147.  Luke 
11:28.  They  that  hear  the  Word  of  God  and  keep  it.  Luke  12:37. 
Those  whom  the  Lord  when  He  cometh  shall  find  watching.  John  20: 
29.  They  that  have  not  seen  (Me)  and  yet  have  believed.  X.  574. 
James  1:12.  The  man  that  endureth  temptation.  XL  621.  Rev.  14: 
13.  The  dead  who  die  in  the  Lord;  their  works  follow  them.  XL  759. 
Rev.  22 :  14.  They  that  do  His  commandments. 

These  gracious  Beatitudes  cover  every  phase,  touch  every  point 
and  reach  every  depth  of  experience  in  living  and  dying.  They  are 
Benedictions  in  promise,  and  to  the  soul  of  great  faith  in  effect  they 
are  Divine  realities. 


COVENANTS    OF    GOD. 

"  The  ways  of  God  with  man  take  the  particular  form  of  a  Cove- 
nant," etc.  I.  12. 

With  Noah  Personally.  Covenant  of  Preservation.  Gen.  6: 
18,  22.  I  establish  my  covenant  with  thee  ...  to  keep  alive.  L 
237,  251.  Heb.  11:7.  Prepared  an  ark  for  the  saving  of  his  house 
and  became  heir  of  righteousness  by  faith. 

With  Noah  for  the  Race.  Covenant  of  God's  Forbearance.  Gen. 
9:8-17.  The  waters  shall  no  more  destroy  all  flesh.  And  Gen.  8:  20- 
22.  Neither  will  I  smite  any  more  every  thing  living.  I.  251,  2,  255,  6. 
Flesh  for  food.  Gen.  9:  3,  4.     i  Tim.  4:  5.  XL  516. 

The  One  Unchangeable  Covenant  of  Grace.    Based  upon 

the  Promise  at  the  Fall.  Gen.  3:  15.  L  188-192.  Series  of  Covenant 
Promises  made  to  Abraham  as  Representative  Believer,  including  ( i ) 
the  Making  of  his  Seed  a  great  Nation  and  the  Gift  of  Canaan  for 
its  possession,  a  Promise  Typical  of  the  Innumerable  Host  in  the 
Heavenly  Canaan.  (2)  The  Spiritual  Blessing  to  come  to  All  Peo- 
ples through  Christ  the  Pre-eminent  Seed  of  Abraham.  Gal.  3:7-9. 
16.  29.  He  saith  not.  And  to  seeds,  as  of  many;  but  as  of  one.  And 
to  thy  seed,  which  is  Christ.     First  at  Haran.  Gen.  12:  1-3.  Will  show 


Covenants  of  God.  121 

thee  land  and  make  of  thee  a  great  nation,  and  in  thee  shall  all  the 
families  of  the  earth  be  blessed.  I.  288-292.  At  Bethel.  Gen.  13:  15, 
16.  Will  give  thee  land  and  make  thy  seed  as  the  dust  of  the  earth. 
I.  310.  At  Hebron.  Gen.  15:5,  18.  Thy  seed  as  the  stars,  that  day 
the  Lord  made  covenant  w^ith  Abraham.  Vs.  8-17.  Confirmed  by  sacri- 
ficial symbol,  as  a  sign  and  seal.  I.  321,  324-329.  Covenant  Renewed 
and  sealed  by  Circumcision.  Gen.  17:2-11,  19,  21.  I  will  establish  My 
covenant  between  Me  and  thee  and  thy  seed  after  thee  for  an  ever- 
lasting covenant,  to  be  a  God  to  thee  and  thy  seed  after  thee.  I.  339- 
342,  344,  347-350.  Gen.  18:  18.  All  nations  shall  be  blessed  in  him 
(Abraham).  I.  355.  At  Moriah.  Gen.  22:17.  18.  In  thy  seed  shall 
all  nations  of  the  earth  be  blessed.  I.  396,  398,  399.  Renewed  to  Isaac 
at  Gerar.  Gen.  26:  3,  4.  Renewed  to  Jacob  at  Bethel.  Gen.  28:  13,  14. 
I.  444.  A  second  time.  Gen.  35:  11,  12.  I.  480.  A  third  time.  Gen. 
46:  1-4.  I.  528.  Covenant  with  Abraham  referred  to:  2  Kings  13:23. 
VII.  241.  I  Chron.  16:16.  Neh.  9:8.  Luke  1:73.  Rom.  4:1,  12, 
13,  16.     Gal.  3:  16,  29.     Acts  7:8.  XI.  48. 

Covenant  Transaction 

between  Jehovah  and  the  newly  Redeemed  "  Church  in  the  Wilder- 
ness "  (Acts  7:38)  under  Moses.  A  covenant  with  this  Church  as  a 
representative  body,  standing  for  the  Church  in  all  ages,  made  at  Sinai 
and  founded  on  the  Covenant  made  with  Abraham.  Ex.  19:3-8.  11. 
122-127.  Ex.  24:3-8.  Ratified  by  sprinkling  of  sacrificial  blood  upon 
altar  and  people.  II.  234-237.  Read  II.  133-139  and  238-240.  Sum- 
mary of  Covenant  Engagements  between  God  and  His  people.  Deut. 
26:  16-18.  Thou  hast  avouched  the  Lord  to  be  thy  God,  and  the  Lord 
hath  avouched  thee,  to  be  a  peculiar  people  unto  Himself.  II.  677.  The 
vital  Relation  and  Significance  of  Blood  Sacrifice  in  connection  with 
the  "  Old  "'  Covenant  with  Israel,  under  and  after  Moses.  Read  II. 
358,  9,  362-364,  369,  370,  375,  389,  392,  416-418,  456-458. 

Covenant  with  David, 

whose  person  and  reign  were  typical  of  Messiah  and  His  Reign.  2 
Sam.  7:  12-16.  III.  387-390,  392.  Ezek.  37:22-26.  VIII.  166.  7.  V. 
102,  last  note. 

The  New  and  Better  Covenant  of  the  Gospel  Age. 

Full  Realization  of  Spiritual  Blessings  imperfectly  disclosed  to  Abra- 
ham and  Moses,  in  symbol  and  type  through  the  Sacrificial  Ritual, 
and  typically  through  David  and  his  reign.     Pre-announced  by  Jere- 


122  Promises  of  God. 

miah  and  Ezekiel.  Jer.  31 :  31-34.  I  will  make  a  new  covenant  with 
Israel.  This  is  the  covenant  that  I  will  make;  I  will  write  My  lav/ 
in  their  heart,  and  they  shall  know  Me,  for  I  will  forgive  their  iniquity. 
I  will  be  their  God  and  they  shall  be  My  people.  VIII.  546-550.  Ezek. 
11:19,  20.  I  will  put  a  new  spirit  within  you,  and  take  the  strong  heart 
out  of  their  flesh,  that  they  may  walk  in  My  statutes  and  do  them. 
IX.  56.  Ezek.  36:25-27.  I  will  sprinkle  clean  water  upon  you,  and 
ye  shall  be  clean.  A  new  heart  will  I  give  you.  And  I  will  put  My 
Spirit  within  you,  and  ye  shall  keep  My  judgments  and  do  them.  And 
ye  shall  be  My  people  and  I  will  be  your  God.  IX.  155-158,  160.  Clear 
statement  of  the  typical  and  temporary  character  of  the  Mosaic  Ritual, 
and  comparison  of  the  "  first,"  "  old "  Covenant  of  Sinai  with  the 
"new  and  better  covenant  established  upon  better  promises"  (Heb. 
8:6).  The  latter  is  described  in  the  words  of  Jeremiah,  given  above. 
Heb.  8:  I,  2,  6-13.  XI.  582-584.  Heb.  9:  1-26.  IX.  586-589.  Heb.  12: 
24.  XI.  611.  Many  assurances  that  the  covenant  is  "everlasting," 
and  that  God  is  "  ever  mindful  of  His  covenant."  Covenant  of  peace. 
Isa.  54:  10.  VIII.  295,  6.  Jer.  33:  19-22.  Sure.  VIII.  556.  See  XL 
474.  R.  W. 


PROMISES    OF    GOD. 


Promises  as  Related  to  Revealed  Truths. 

Promise  is  a  vital  element  of  all  essential  truth.  Every  Divine 
commandment  or  precept  is  a  commandment  or  precept  "  with  prom- 
ise." Every  truth  touching  God's  relations  with,  and  His  doings  to- 
ward men  discloses  His  love,  and  all  disclosures  of  His  love  involve 
and  express  large,  rich,  sweet  promises. 

An  Appropriating  Faith  the  Condition  that  Brings 
Fulfillment  to  Promise. 

Promises  are  vitalized  and  made  effectual  through  a  faith  that 
grasps  and  pleads  them  without  hesitation  or  faltering.  Heb.  6:  12, 
15.  That  ye  be  not  sluggish,  but  imitators  of  them  who  through  faith 
and  patience  inherit  the  promises.  XI.  576.  James  i :  6.  Ask  in  faith, 
nothing  wavering.  XI.  620.  Matt.  21:22.  X.  416.  Gal.  3:14.  We 
receive  the  promise  of  the  Spirit  through  faith.  XI.  399.  A  Faith 
that  purifies.  2  Cor.  7:  i.  Having  these  promises,  let  us  cleanse  our- 
selves. XL  369.  Promises  conditioned  upon  obedience  which  springs 
from  faith. 


Promises  of  God.  12-^ 

Effects  of  Promises  accepted,  trusted  in,  and  pleaded, 
in  obedient  spirit. 

Hope,  with  its  effective  results  of  encouragement,  inspiration 
and  stimulus  to  faithful  endeavor.  Rom.  15:4.  That  through  com- 
fort of  the  Scriptures  we  might  have  hope,  i  Pet.  3:  15.  Give  a  rea- 
son concerning  the  hope  that  is  in  you.     Ps.  119:40,  74.  81.  114,  147. 

Promise  a  Means  and  Instrument  of  increasing  Sanctifica- 
tion.  2  Pet.  1:4.  He  hath  granted  unto  us  His  precious  and  exceed- 
ing great  promises,  that  through  these  ye  may  become  partakers  of 
the  Divine  Nature.  XI.  671. 

Definite  Subjects  of  Promise. 

Covenants  of  Promise,     See  above,  Covenants. 

Promise  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  Luke  24 :  49.  Acts  i :  4.  Acts 
2:t,7i.  The  promise  of  the  Father.  XI.  9,  22. 

Other  Specific  Promises:  James  i :  12.  The  crown  of  life.  XI. 
621.  James  2:5.  The  kingdom.  XI.  627.  i  John  2:25.  Eternal  life. 
XL  688.     I  Tim.  4:8.     2  Tim.  i  :  i.  Promise'of  life. 

Divine  Promises  Surely  Fulfilled. 

Heb.  10:23.  He  is  faithful  that  promised.  XL  593.  Tit.  1:2. 
God,  who  cannot  lie,  .promised  before  times  eternal.  XL  545.  2  Cor. 
1:20.  How  many  soever  be  the  promises  of  God,  in  Him  (Christ)  is 
the  Yea,  also  through  Him  is  the  Ameu.  XL  349.  Illnsfrative  Testi- 
mony. Josh.  23:  14.  Not  one  thing  hath  failed.  HI.  151.  i  Kings  8: 
56.  Not  failed  one  word  of  all  His  good  promise.  III.  561.  Acts  7: 
17.  XL  50.  Acts  13 :  23,  32.  XL  96.  7.  Ps.  105  :  142.  He  remembered 
His  holy  promise. 

Some  Signal  Promises,  broad,  deep,  most  needful  and 
helpful. 

Set  down  here  as  suggestion  and  stimulus  to  further  research, 
especially  in  the  old  Testament. 

Deut.  33:25.  As  thy  days,  thy  strength  shall  be.  II.  735. 

Rom.  8:28.  To  then  that  love  God  all  things  work  together  for 
good. 

Josh.  I  :  5.  I  will  not  fail  thee,  nor  forsake  thee.  III.  ^y. 

Ps.  40:  17.  The  Lord  thinketh  upon  me.  IV.  304. 


124  ^^^^  °f  ^°^  ^°  Man. 

Isa.  41 : 9,  10.  Fear  not,  for  I  am  with  thee.  I  will  strengthen 
thee.  VIII.  214,  215. 

Isa.  43:1,  2.  I  have  redeemed  thee;  I  have  called  thee  by  thy 
name;  thou  art  Mine.  When  thou  passest  through  the  waters,  they 
shall  not  overflow  thee;  when  thou  walkest  through  the  fire,  thou 
shalt  not  be  burned.  VIII.  225.  Ps.  46:  i.  God  is  a  very  present  help 
in  time  of  trouble. 

Isa.  54:7,  8,  10.  With  everlasting  kindness  will  I  have  mercy 
upon  thee.  My  kindness  shall  not  depart  from  thee,  neither  shall  my 
covenant  of  peace  be  removed.  VIII.  294-296.  John  14:27.  Peace  I 
leave  with  you;  My  peace  I  give  unto  you.  XL  483.     Isa.  58:  11. 

Jer.  29 :  13.  Ye  shall  find  Me,  when  ye  search  with  all  your  heart. 
VIII.  520. 

Ezek.  II :  16.  I  will  be  to  them  a  sanctuary.  IX.  55. 

For  the  varied  and  abounding  Promises  of  God,  we  refer  to  al- 
most every  theme  treated  in  these  pages,  for,  as  stated  above,  promise 
is  interwoven  with  every  truth  that  touches  God's  gracious  relation 
with  man. 


CALL    OF    GOD    TO    MAN. 

Personal  and  Urgent;  Ever  Seeking  to  Win  Back  to 
Obedience,  Childship  and  Heart-Fellowship. 

Commenced  at  the  Fall.     God  Sought  Adam. 

Gen.  3  :  9.  The  Lord  God  called  linto  the  man.  I.  186.  God  sought 
Cain  the  first-born  man  and  offender.  Gen.  4:6,  7.  The  Lord  said  to 
Cain,  If  thou  doest  well,  shalt  thou  not  be  accepted?  I.  209.  God 
warns  the  evil  generation  of  Noah,  and  announces  a  period  of  patient 
waiting.  Gen.  6:3.  The  Lord  said.  My  Spirit  shall  not  strive  with 
man  forever,  yet  shall  his  days  be  an  hundred  and  twenty  years.  I. 
228-231.  The  Covenant  of  God's  forbearance  announced  to  Noah. 
Gen.  9:8-17.  I.  255,  256.  The  Covenant  of  Grace  made  with  Abra- 
ham. Gen.  15:9,  10.  1.  324.  Repeated  and  Expanded.  Gen.  17:4-7. 
L  339,  340,  347-350.  Gen.  22:  16-18.  In  thy  seed  shall  all  the  nations 
of  the  earth  be  blessed.  I.  395,  396,  398.  Renewed  to  Isaac.  Gen.  26: 
3,  4.     To  Jacob.  Gen.  28:  13,  14.  I.  444. 

Expressed  through  Moses. 

Ex.  19:  3-5.  II.  123.  II.  527,  8.  Deut.  11:26,  27.  I  set  before  you 
a  blessing  and  a  curse.  II.  658.    Deut.  30:  15,  19.  Choose  life.  II.  712- 


Call  of  God  to  Man.  125 

715.  Through  Joshua.  Josh.  22:5.  III.  143.  Josh.  24:  15.  Choose 
whom  ye  will  serve.  III.  152-155.  Elijah,  i  Kings  18:21.  How  long 
halt  ye?  If  the  Lord  be  God,  follow  Him.  VII.  no.  Proverbs  i: 
20-33.  VI.  238-242;  3:  17.  VI.  256;  21:29.  VI.  389;  8:4,  17.  To  you, 
O  men,  I  call.  Seek  Me  diligently.  VI.  287,  8.  Psalms  27:8.  IV. 
207-209.  95:7,  8.  To-day,  hear  His  voice.  V.  142,  3.  Ps.  119:6.  I 
made  haste  and  delayed  not.  V.  314.  Through  the  Prophets.  Isa. 
1:18-20.  Come,  let  us  reason  together.  VIII.  24.  Isa.  28:13.  Line 
upon  line.  VIII.  139.  Isa.  43:26.  Let  us  plead  together.  VIII.  228. 
Isa.  45:22.  Look  unto  Me,  and  be  ye  saved.  VIII.  240.  Isa.  48: 
17.  yill.  258.  Isa.  55:7.  Incline  your  ear  and  come  unto  Me. 
Hear  and  your  soul  shall  live.  Seek  ye  the  Lord  while  He  may 
be  found.  VIII.  298-306.  Jer.  6:  16.  VIII.  427,  8.  Jer.  7:  13,  25.  I 
spake  unto  you,  rising  up  early  and  speaking.  VIII.  435.  VII.  453. 
Jer.  21 : 8.  Set  before  you  the  way  of  life  and  the  way  of  death.  VII. 
438,  9.  Ezek.  18:31,  2)^.  Cast  away  your  transgressions,  for  why 
will  ye  die?  IX.  85-89.  Ezek.  33:10,  11.  Turn  ye  from  your  evil 
ways,  for  why  will  ye  die?  IX.  142,  3.  Hosea  6:  i.  Come,  return 
to  the  Lord.  IX.  352.  Joel  2 :  13.  Turn  unto  Me  with  all  your  heart. 
IX.  395,  6.  Amos  4:12.  IX.  415.  Amos  5:6.  Seek  the  Lord,  and 
ye  shall  live.  IX.  418.  See  also  Jer.  29:  12,  13.  VIII.  528,  529.  Hosea 
11:4.  IX.  368,  369. 

Christ's  Pleading  and  Warning  Words : 

Matt.  11:28.  Come  unto  Me,  and  I  will  give  you  rest.  X.  180, 
39O'  579-  John  7:37'.  If  any  man  thirst  let  him  come  unto  Me  and 
drink.  X.  307.  John  6:  37.  Him  that  cometh  to  Me  I  will  in  no  wise 
cast  out.  X.  252.  Matt.  6 :  33.  Seek  ye  first  the  Kingdom  of  God  and 
His  righteousness.  X.  163.  Matt.  6:24.  Luke  16:13.  Ye  cannot 
serve  God  and  mammon.  X.  162,  375.  Matt.  12:30.  He  that  is  not 
with  Me  is  against  Me.  X.  187.  John  5 :  40.  Ye  will  not  come  unto 
Me.  X.  133.  Lament  over  Jerusalem.  Luke  19:41.  X.  411.  Matt. 
23:37.  X.  434,  437.  Rev.  22:  17.  The  Spirit  and  the  bride  (church) 
say.  Come.  And  let  him  that  heareth  say,  Come.  (The  believer's 
great  commission.)  And  whosoever  will,  let  him  take  of  the  water 
of  life  freely.  XL  783,  785. 

All  these  words  of  direct  pleading  show  that  God  has  ever  been 
first  to  love  (Jer.  31 :  3.  IX.  539),  first  to  seek,  and  first  to  call  to  the 
salvation  promised  at  the  Fall,  through  His  own  sacrifice.  He  gives 
His  heart  to  every  sinning  child,  before  He  pleads,  "  My  son,  give 
Me  thy  heart !  "  VI.  389.  He  expresses  His  good  will  to  men  in  the 
abundance  of  natural  and  providential  gifts,  gratifying  every  sense 


T26  Call  of  God  to  Man. 

and  supplying  every  need.  Matt.  5 :  45.  Ps.  145 :  16.  His  very  law 
uttered  from  Sinai  is  prefaced  upon  an  assurance  of  past  goodness 
and  mercy,  and  followed  by  many  pledges  (conditioned  only  on  obedi- 
ence) of  all  possible  mercy  and  blessing.  Thus  the  Commandments 
(all  instinct  with  promise)  impressively  voice  His  call  to  men.  And 
the  chief  central  symbol  of  the  Ceremonial  Institutes,  the  Altar  for 
Sacrifice,  signifying  His  approach  to  man,  not  man's  approach  to  Him, 
gives  the  most  signal  and  sublime  emphasis  to  His  Call.  II.  362.  The 
altar  an  Oracle  of  Grace. 

And  the  whole  Bible  is  filled  with  the  spirit  of  this  great  truth 
and  fact.  It  finds  utterance  in  manifold  forms,  in  History,  Psalm  and 
Proverb,  Prophecy  and  Epistle.  Examples :  Ps.  34 : 8.  IV.  253.  Prov. 
23:  26.  VI.  383.     I  Cor.  6:  I,  2,  17.  XI.  368,  9. 

[To  every  penitent  soul  God  says,  "  Put  Me  in  remembrance ;  let 
us  plead  together."  Tell  Me  not  forever  of  thine  unworthiness,  thine 
unfitness  for  My  Kingdom.  Tell  me  of  My  invitations  to  the  guilty 
and  My  promises  to  the  lost.  Tell  Me  of  the  blood  that  was  shed 
to  save  thee.  Tell  Me  of  the  tears  and  prayers  and  righteousness, 
the  cross  and  passion,  of  My  Son.  Show  Me  that  thou  canst  trust  My 
word.  Only  believe,  and  though  thou  wert  as  sinful  as  the  cursing 
Peter  or  as  unworthy  as  the  persecuting  Saul,  I,  even  I,  am  He  that 
blotteth  out  thy  transgressions  for  Mine  own  sake,  and  will  not  re- 
member thy  sins."     C.  Bradley. 

The  "  Friend  of  publicans  and  sinners  "  invites  all  who  feel  their 
wretchedness  to  enter  His  communion;  and  announces  Himself  as  the 
"  meek  and  lowly  "  One,  repelling  none  because  of  their  misery,  con- 
descending to  the  necessities  of  all,  taking  off  the  load  from  the  weary 
and  burdened  soul,  and  giving  them  joy  and  rest  in  His  fellowship. 
He  makes  no  extravagant,  impracticable  demands.  Obedience,  in- 
deed, He  does  require ;  but  an  obedience  which  is  easy  and  pleasant, 
flowing  spontaneously  from  the  divine  life  within,  and  rendered  in 
the  spirit  of  love.  "Come  unto  Me  (He  says),  and  I  will  free  you 
from  your  burdens,  and  give  you  the  peace  for  which  you  sigh. 
Enter  the  fellowship  of  My  disciples,  and  you  shall  obtain  rest  for 
your  souls."    Meander.'] 


Foreknowledge — Foreordination.  127 


CALLING  AND  ELECTION  OF  GOD. 

FOREKNOWLEDGE;  FOREORDINATION;  CALLING; 

ELECTION. 

These  are  indissolubly  linked  in  the  order  of  Divine  Procedure. 
Rom.  8 :  29,  30.  Whom  He  foreknew,  He  also  foreordained,  .  .  . 
and  whom  He  foreordained,  He  also  called. 

Foreknow;  Foreknowledge. 

Mainly  five  texts :  Rom.  8 :  29.  Whom  He  did  foreknow.  He  also, 
foreordained.  Rom.  11:2.  God  has  not  cast  off  His  people,  whom 
He  did  foreknow.  Acts  2 :  23.  Him,  being  delivered  up  by  the  deter- 
minate (ordained,  orizo)  counsel  and  foreknowledge  of  God.  i  Pet. 
1:1,  2.  Elect  (eklcctos)  according  to  the  foreknowledge  of  God. 
I  Pet.  20:  20.  Christ  foreknown  before  foundation  of  world.  In  these 
only  Netv  Testament  references  to  God's  foreknowledge,  two,  the 
first  and  fourth,  intimate  some  connection  between  His  foreknowledge 
and  His  subsequent  acting  (foreordination  in  one  case  and  election 
in  the  other)  in  securing  the  believer's  salvation.  The  Second  text 
refers  to  His  foreknowledge  of  His  ancient  chosen  people.  The  Third 
and  Fifth  connect  His  ordaining  act  with  His  foreknowledge  in  the 
delivering  up  of  Christ  to  death  for  us.  In  all  the  explicit  references 
of  Scripture,  the  Foreknowledge  of  God  has  to  do  exclusively  v/ith 
His  merciful  and  gracious  action  in  behalf  of  the  saving  of  His  own 
chosen  people.  The  Scripture  is  utterly  silent  here,  and  in  all  other 
passages  which  refer  to  His  unsearchable  knowledge,  as  to  the  con- 
nection between  His  foreknowledge  and  foreordination.  It  is  surely 
wisdom  on  our  part  to  imitate  its  silence,  in  our  satisfaction  with  the 
result  of  that  connection  to  us  as  saved  believers.  Proof  of  the  fact 
of  God's  Foreknowledge  of  all  events,  thoughts  and  deeds  in  all  dura- 
tion we  find  in  His  Eternal  and  Omniscient  Being.  In  the  glad  con- 
viction of  the  fact,  we  may  find  comfort,  help  and  rest. 

Foreordination.  (A.  v.  renders  the  word  "predestinate"; 
R.  v.,  more  judiciously,-  "  foreordain,"  since  the  former  word  has 
with  many  minds  a  flavor  of  arbitrary  or  partial  acting.)  Here  also 
the  N.  T.  texts  are  very  few,  only  four.  Rom.  8 :  29,  30.  Foreordained 
to  be  conformed  to  the  image  of  His  Son.     Whom  He  did  foreordain, 


128  Calling  and  Election. 

He  called.  Eph.  1:5,  11.  Foreordained  us  unto  adoption  as  sons. 
Foreordained  according  to  the  purpose  of  Him,  made  a  heritage  in 
Christ.  XL  415.  With  even  greater  emphasis  it  should  be  noted  that 
these  only  direct  Scriptural  references  to  God's  forcordination  are 
connected  exclusively  with  .His  saving  processes,  and  immediately 
afifect  the  spiritual  transformation  and  adoption  of  the  saved  soul. 
While  the  Scripture  is  silent  as  to  God's  reasons,  it  plainly  unfolds 
the  gracious  end  or  object  of  His  foreordaining  action.  There  is 
absolutely  no  clue  to  His  motive  or  reason  except  as  we  gather  it 
from  the  end  or  its  effect  (holiness  and  sonship)  referred  to  above, 
and  from  His  revealed  character.  As  disclosed  it  is  a  gracious  fore- 
ordination,  and  cannot  be  partial  to  any.  Its  operation  must  be  im- 
partial and  universal,  since  no  one  is  entitled  by  character  or  deed  to 
more  than  any  other,  all  alike  being  sinners  and  unworthy.  It  should 
be  further  noted  that,  while  forcordination  respects  the  gracious  acts 
and  gifts  of  God  in  man's  behalf,  we  read  of  no  forcordination  to  faith 
or  repentance,  or  to  any  act  required  of  man  as  a  condition  of  salva- 
tion. Forcordination,  therefore,  cannot  possibly  infringe  upon  the 
free  action  with  which  man  is  solemnly  invested  by  God. 

That  God's  Forcordination  includes  the  absolute  and  unlimited 
control  over  all  events  and  over  the  actions  of  all  spiritual  creatures, 
appears  conclusively  in  the  fact  that  He  is  the  Self-existent.  Self- 
sufficient,  Eternal  and  Omnipotent  Upholder  and  Ruler  of  the  Uni- 
verse which  He  Himself  has  created.  In  this  assurance  also  our 
comfort,  help  and  rest  may  well  be  increased  and  our  satisfaction  in 
God  intensified.     Read  VIII.  488-492.     Jer.   18:1-10. 

Call,  Calling,  Called.     Gr.  Kalco.     Call  or  invite. 

Choose,  Gr.  Eklego.  Chosen,  Eklectos.  Elect,  Eklcctos. 
Election,  Ekloge.  Note  that  the  original  word  is  one  and  the  same 
for  all  these  renderings.     Its  primary  meaning  is  Laid  out  or  chosen. 

Scriptural  Uses  of  the  Words  Kaleo,  or  Calling,  and 
Eklego,  or  Choosing.  Three  texts  only  seem  to  discriminate  by 
combining  them :  Matt.  22 :  14.  Many  are  called  but  few  chosen.  2 
Pet.  i:  ID.  Make  your  calling  and  election  sure.  Rev.  17: 14.  Called 
and  chosen.  Careful  study  of  the  many  passages  containing  one  or 
other  of  these  words  (Kaleo  or  Eklego)  shows  an  almost  general  in- 
terchangeableness  in  the  use  and  in  the  application  (practically  in 
the  intent  or  meaning)  of  the  two  words.  Taken  together,  all  the 
passages   in   which   the   two   words   arc    found   suggest  and   seem   to 


Calling  and  Election.  129 

intimate  a  Threefold  Significance  in  the  Words  Kaleo  and 
Eklego,  as  interpreted  by  the  entire  text  and  context  in  each  case. 
In  plainer  words,  the  Scriptures  appear  to  intimate 

Three  Kinds  of  Calling  and  Election. 

1.  A  Calling  or  Choosing  to  Place,  Function  and  Service. 
Heb.  11:8.  Abraham,,  when  he  was  called,  obeyed  to  go  out  unto  a 
place.  Heb.  5 :  4.  Called  of  God,  as  was  Aaron.  John  6 :  70.  Have 
I  not  chosen  you  the  twelve,  and  one  of  you  is  a  devil.  John  15:  16. 
I  chose  you,  and  appointed  you,  that  ye  should  go,  etc.  Jacob  chosen 
before  Jiis  birth  as  the  progenitor  of  God's  elect  people.  Rom.  9:11. 
That  the  purpose  of  God  according  to  election  might  stand,  not  of 
works,  but  of  Him  that  calleth,  it  was  said  unto  her  (Rebecca),  The 
older  shall  serve  the  younger.  So  also  Pharaoh  was  appointed  to  his 
place  and  service.  Rom.  9:17.  Hosea  11  :i.  When  Israel  was  a 
child  I  loved  him,  and  called  My  Son  out  of  Egypt.  XI.  368.  Gal.  i  : 
15-19.  Paul's  call  to  apostleship  included  herein.  Also  Ex.  35:30, 
31.     Bezalel.  II.  284-286. 

2.  A  Calling  to  Salvation,  or  Invitation  to  the  Unsaved. 

Matt.  9:  13.  I  came  not  to  call  the  righteous,  but  sinners.  This  one 
utterance  of  Christ  at  least  is  clear  and  conclusive  upon  this  point. 
And  it  furnishes  a  large  interpretation  of  His  words  in  Matt.  22 :  14. 
Many  are  called  but  few  chosen.  The  substance  of  this  call  variously 
and  repeatedly  expressed  by  Christ,  in  personal  invitation,  "  Come 
unto  Me,"  etc.  In  the,  bidding  of  the  Parables  of  the  Great  Supper, 
etc.  The  call  addressed  to  every  one  who  wills  to  accept  it.  Matt. 
16:  24.     Rev.  22:  17. 

3.  An  Effectual  Call  and  Choice  of  God,  Based  upon  His 

Eternal  Gracious  Purpose,  and  carried  into  effect  by  His  own  Divine 
energy  through  the  Enlightening,  Renewing  and  Sanctifying  Spirit. 

All  the  texts  of  the  New  Testament  touching  this  subject,  in- 
cluding the  terms  Call  (Kaleo)  and  Choice  or  Election  (Eklego).. 
except  the  few  cited  above,  carry  this  profound  and  vital  meaning.. 
They  intimate  plainly  an  acting  of  God's  Spirit  within  the  soul,  a  call,, 
based  upon  an  eternal  choice,  that  is  efifective  in  the  result  of  bringing 
men  to  repentance  and  faith ;  an  actual  intervention  of  Divine  enero-y 
in  new-creating  and  sanctifying  the  spiritually  dead  and  natively  un- 
holy soul. 

In  reading  and  pondering  the  texts  which  follow  (and  which' 
include  the  main  essential  teachings  of  the  New  Testament  Epistles. 


i^o 


Calling  and  Election. 


upon  this  theme),  let  it  be  definitely  noted  that  they  are  addressed 
or  refer  distinctly  to  "  saints,"  i.e.,  actually  sanctified  believers. 

Rom.  8:28,  30,  33.  To  them  that  love  God  all  things  work  to- 
gether for  good,  even  to  them  that  are  called  according  to  His  pur- 
pose. Whom  He  foreordained,  them  He  also  called ;  and  whom  He 
called,  them  He  also  justified.  Who  shall  lay  anything  to  the  charge 
of  God's  elect?  XI.  240-242.  Rom.  11:47.  ^  Cor.  1:2,  2y,  28. 
Them  that  are  sanctified  in  Christ  Jesus,  called  to  be  saints.  God 
chose  the  foolish,  the  weak,  and  the  base  things  of  the  world,  that 
He  might  bring  to  nought  the  things  that  are,  that  no  flesh  should 
glory  before  God.  XI.  278.  Gal.  1:15.  It  was  the  good  pleasure  of 
God,  who  called  me  through  His  grace,  to  reveal  His  Son  in  me.  XI. 
393.  Eph.  1 : 4-7.  He  chose  us  in  Christ  before  the  foundation  of 
the  world,  that  we  should  be  holy  and  without  blemish  in  Him :  hav- 
ing in  love  foreordained  us  unto  adoption  as  sons,  through  Jesus 
Christ  unto  Himself,  according  to  the  good  pleasure  of  His  will,  to 
the  praise  of  the  glory  of  His  grace.  XI.  415,  416.  Phil.  3:14.  I 
press  on  toward  the  goal  unto  the  prize  of  the  high  (upward)  calling 
of  God  in  Christ  Jesus.  XI.  460.  i  Thes.  i :  4.  Knowing,  brethren 
beloved  of  God,  your  election,  because  our  gospel  came  not  unto  you 
in  word  only,  but  also  in  power  -^t--'  i'-  '■■  --  -  Ghost,  and  in  much 
assurance.  XI.  485.  i  Thes.  2:12.  Walk  worthily  of  God,  who 
calleth  you  into  His  Kingdom  and  glory,  i  Thes.  4:7.  God  called 
us  not  for  uncleanness,  but  in  sanctification.  i  Thes.  5 :  24.  Faithful 
is  He  that  calleth  you,  who  also  will  do  it.  XL  497.  2  Thes.  2:  13,  14. 
God  chose  you  from  the  beginning  unto  salvation  in  sanctification 
of  the  Spirit  and  belief  of  the  truth.  XI.  502.  2  Tim.  i :  9.  Who 
saved  us,  and  called  us  with  a  holy  calling,  not  according  to  our 
works,  but  according  to  His  own  purpose  and  grace,  which  was  given 
us  in  Christ  Jesus  before  times  eternal.  XI.  530.  Titus  1:1.  Ac- 
cording to  the  faith  of  God's  elect.  XL  545.  i  Pet.  i :  2.  Elect  ac- 
cording to  the  foreknowledge  of  God  the  Father,  in  sanctification  of 
the  Spirit,  unto  obedience  and  sprinkling  of  the  blood  of  Jesus  Christ. 
XL  645.  I  Pet.  2 :  9.  Ye  are  an  elect  race,  a  people  for  God's  own 
possession,  that  ye  may  show  forth  the  excellencies  of  Him  who 
called  you  out  of  darkness  into  His  marvelous  light.  XL  654.  i  Pet. 
5 :  ID.  The  God  of  all  grace,  who  calleth  you  unto  His  eternal  glory 
in  Christ,  after  that  ye  have  suffered  a  little  while,  shall  Himself 
perfect,  stablish,  strengthen  you.  XL  669.  2  Pet.  i :  10.  Give  the 
more  diligence  to  make  your  calling  and  election  sure.  XL  672.  Jude 
I.  To  them  that  are  called,  beloved  in  God  the  Father,  and  kept  for 
Jesus  Christ.  XL  708.     Rev.   17:14.  They  also  shall  overcome  that 


Election  of  God.  131 

are   with   Him    (the   Lamb,   Lord   of   lords)    called   and   chosen   and 
faithful. 

This  group  of  inspired  sentences,  containing  both  proof  and  ex- 
plication, may  be  fitly  closed  with  the  substance  of  Rom.  8:28-39, 
that  comprehensive  chain  of  vital  truths  which  sublimely  summarizes 
the  "  glorious  Gospel  of  the  blessed  God."  Note  the  successive  points 
in  this  marvelous  disclosure:  i.  Comprehensively.  To  the  called, 
those  that  love  God,  all  things  are  achieved  and  adjusted  of  God 
for  their  present  and  eternal  blessing.  2.  In  particular:  The  called, 
or  the  lovers  of  God,  are  foreknown  by  Him.  They  are  foreordained 
by  Him  to  a  restored  Childship.  They  are  effectually  called,  justi- 
fied (two- lacking  links:  regenerated,  sanctified),  and  glorified.  3. 
Wonderful  zvords  of  coniirmation  and  assurance:  None  can  harm, 
since  God  is  for  them.  Giving  His  unspared  and  devoted  Son  as 
our  Passover,  He  will  surely  and  freely  give  them  all  other  needful 
things.  None  shall  lay  any  charge  against  God's  elect,  since  God 
Himself  is  their  Justifier.  None  can  condemn,  for  Christ  has  died, 
has  risen,  and  evermore  intercedes  in  their  behalf.  Neither  suffer- 
ing, poverty,  peril,  nor  persecution  here  can  part  or  sever  them  from 
His  love.  And  from  that  everlasting  love,  neither  death  nor  life,  nor 
all  created  spirits  throuq-hout  all  duration,  shall  be  able  to  separate 
them.  All  these,  now  incomprehensible  blessings,  are  the  sequences 
of  God's  foreordination  and  election  of  believing,  loving,  quickened 
and  sanctified  men. 

Careful  study  of  the  above  points  and  texts,  of  the  entire  topic 
as  thus  far  treated,  suggests  certain  instructive  and  helpful 

Considerations  and  Conclusions  Respecting  this  Vital 
Ground-Truth  of  Divine  Election. 

I.  Suggestive  Considerations. 

(i)  The  spiritual  temper  and  tone  of  these  disclosures  are 
wholly  alien  to  the  thought  of  a  God  absorbed  in  the  mere  exercise 
of  sovereignty  or  satisfied  with  the  mere  indulgence  in  an  arbitrary 
will.  His  whole  willing  and  acting,  as  here  represented,  are  per- 
vaded with  the  thought  of  a  deep,  intense,  loving  sympathy  for,  and 
a  yearning  purpose  to  help  His  self-blinded  and  imperiled  creatures. 
It  is  the  heart  of  God  far  more  than  His  will  that  appears  in  His 
eternal  purpose  of  grace,  and  in  all  the  steps  His  electing  love  pursues 
to  assure  the  achievement  of  that  purpose  in  the  redemption  and 
sanctification  of  sinful  men. 

(2)   God  declares,  through  the  message  of  Moses  to  Israel,  that 


132  Election  of  God. 

His  choice  or  election  is  based  upon  His  love.  Deut.  y.  y,  8.  The 
Lord  did  choose  you  because  He  loveth  you.  This  message  is  re- 
peated and  emphasized  by  the  Prophets  and  Apostles,  and  even  more 
distinctly  and  tenderly  in  the  words  and  deeds  of  the  Christ.  And 
since  we  are  assured  that  "  God  so  loved  the  world  that  He  gave  His 
Son,"  and  that  "  He  by  the  grace  of  God  tasted  death  for  every  man," 
is  not  the  conclusion  natural  and  reasonable,  that  in  the  desire  and 
will  of  God  His  electing  grace  included  in  its  purposed  reach  the 
entire  race  of  sinners?  We  may  present  this  conclusion  in  another 
form. 

(3)  As  election  is  of  grace,  and  as  grace,  having  an  equal  reach 
with  promise,  includes  and  enspheres  the  entire  human  race,  it  would 
seem  that  in  the  desire  and  plan  and  will  of  God  there  is  no  limita- 
tion of  the  sphere  and  reach  of  His  gracious  election.  Acts  2 :  39. 
To  you  is  the  promise,  and  to  all  that  are  afar  ofif,  even  as  many  as 
the  Lord  our  God  shall  call  unto  Him.  Rom.  5:20,  21.  Where  sin 
abounded,  grace  did  abound  more  exceedingly.  Rom.  11:32.  God 
hath  shut  up  all  unto  disobedience,  that  He  might  have  mercy 
upon  all. 

(4)  Three  utterances  of  Christ  suffice  to  relieve  the  truth  of  the 
Divine  Election  from  possible  connection  with  the  conception  of  a 
Divine  "  fate."  "  He  that  cometh  unto  Me  shall  in  no  wise  be  cast 
out."  "  Ye  will  not  come  unto  Me  that  ye  may  have  life."  "  How 
often  would  I  have  gathered  thy  children,  etc.,  but  ye  would  not." 
Add  to  these  the  manifold  declarations  of  God  in  both  Testaments, 
concisely  expressed  2  Pet.  3:9.  "  The  Lord  is  not  slack  concerning 
His  promise,  but  is  longsufifering  to  you-ward,  not  wishing  that  any 
should  perish,  but  that  all  should  come  to  repentance."  These 
abounding  expressions  absolutely  rule  out  any  conception  or  inter- 
pretation of  Election  that  makes  it  proceed  from  the  mere  arbitrary 
decree  or  impassible  purpose  of  God,  irrespective  of  man's  responsive 
willing  and  acting.  They  assuredly  connect  it,  in  a  manner  unknown 
to  us,  with  the  response  of  the  individual  man  to  the  proffered  grace 
of  God.  And  we  know  that  in  no  inspired  statement  is  found  the 
least  intimation  that  God  has  planned,  purposed,  or  prepared  for  any 
human  soul  aught  but  salvation  and  everlasting  life.  Only  the  king- 
dom of  light  and  blessedness,  Christ  declares,  Matt.  25 :  34,  is  prepared 
for  men.  The  realm  of  darkness  and  woe,  to  which  the  willfully  dis- 
obedient evildoers  are  consigned,  was  prepared  for  the  devil  and  his 
angels,  v.  41.  It  would  seem,  then,  that  nothing  but  the  resisting 
rejecting  will  of  the  individual  man  has  caused  any  actual  limitation 
in  the  exercise  of  the  Divine  election  to  eternal  life. 


Election  of  God.  133 

(5)  Christ  indeed  says,  John  6:44,  No  man  can  come  to  Me, 
except  the  Father  draw  him.  But  note  here:  (a)  Whatever  the 
"drawing"  means,  it  is  God  as  a  Father  who  draws.  (&)  The 
"  drawing "  is  immediately,  v.  45,  explained :  Every  man  that  hath 
heard  (listened  and  heeded)  from  the  Father,  and  hath  learned  (ac- 
cepted the  Father's  gracious  revelation  of  the  Son)  cometh  unto  Me. 
Christ  Himself  strongly  confirms  this  interpretation,  John  12:32.  I, 
if  I  be  lifted  up  from  the  earth,  will  draw  all  men  unto  Me.  He 
further  illustrates  this  drawing  influence  in  the  Lost  Son's  remem- 
brance of  the  Father's  love,  sharply  emphasized  by  his  wretchedness; 
in  a  like  sense  of  sin  and  remembrance  of  God's  forgiving  mercy  that 
bows  the  Publican's  head  in  the  temple,  and  constrains  from  his  heart 
the  returning  cry,  "  God  be  merciful  to  me,  the  sinner !  "  On  the 
same  lines  of  loving  influence  and  gracious  inducement,  the  Old 
Testament  Prophets  explain  this  "  drawing  "  of  God.  "  I  drew  them," 
Jehovah  Himself  affirms,  "  with  cords  of  a  man,  zvitJi  bauds  of  love." 
Hosea  11:4.  IX.  368.  And  further,  to  show  the  impossibility  of  at- 
taching any  idea  of  arbitrariness  or  partiality  to  God's  electing  act, 
the  same  Jehovah  declares — and  the  declaration  summarizes  the  core 
and  substance  of  all  His  revealed  words  and  deeds — "  Yea,  I  have 
loved  thee  with  an  everlasting  love,  therefore  with  lovingkindness 
have  I  drawn  thee."  Jer.  31:3.  VHI.  539-541. 

(6)  Christ  teaches  the  supreme  unlimited  sovereignty  of  God 
always,  but  He  declares  it  to  be  the  sovereignty  of  a  Father,  whose 
tender  mercies  are  over  all  His  works ;  of  a  Master  an'd  King  who 
is  lonsiderate  and  equitable  as  well  as  benevolent  and  generous  in  all 
His  dealings  with  disciples  and  subjects ;  a  sovereignty  exercised  on 
earth  and  in  heaven  with  the  desired  end  and  designed  aim  of  es- 
tablishing a  final,  enduring  Celestial  Empire  of  pure,  active  and 
happy  spirits.  This  is  the  ultimate  object,  the  final  cause  for  which 
His  eternal,  unlimited  Sovereignty  exists,  for  which  it  ever  has  been 
and  ever  will  be  exercised. 

(7)  Other-  practical  questions  bearing  upon  the  truth  of  the 
Divine  Election  have  neither  statement  nor  reference  in  the  Scrip- 
ture. They  respect  the  inequalities  that  largely  characterize  and 
qualify  the  distribution  of  capacities,  opportunities  and  means  in  the 
realms  of  Providence  and  Grace.  The  figure  of  the  potter  and  the 
clay,  as  used  Jer.  18:4-10.  VHI.  488-490,  and  referred  to  Job  10:9, 
Isa.  64:8,  Rom.  9:20-23,  teaches  plainly  God's  absolute  sovereignty 
over  the  life  of  every  man.  while  as  plainly  it  intimates  that  God's 
action  is  determined  by  man's  conduct,  Jer.  18:7-10.  It  does  not 
teach  (as  has  been  said)  that,  since  He  is  under  no  obligation  to  any, 


134  Election  of  God. 

He  may  apportion  advantages  and  disadvantages  simply  as  He 
pleases;  that  is,  that  He  may  deal  arbitrarily  and  partially  in  dis- 
criminating His  gifts  to  men.  Such  action,  as  already  intimated 
above,  is  utterly  discordant  with  and  directly  opposed  to  the  entire 
Scriptural  revelation  of  His  character  and  acting  as  a  God  of  equity 
and  of  grace.  While  this  interpretation  and  these  considerations 
relieve  the  character  of  God  from  unjust  conceptions  in  this  matter 
of  the  unequal  distribution  of  His  gifts,  they  furnish  no  explanation 
of  the  inequalities  which  everywhere  exist.  In  the  silence  of  reve- 
lation, and  in  the  knowledge  of  His  abundantly  proved  wisdom,  fair- 
ness and  love,  we  may  wpII  refer  tho  "^nlution  of  all  unanswered  and 
unanswerable  problems  to  our  Lord's  promised  future  disclosure: 
"  What  I  do  thou  knowest  not  now,  but  thou  shalt  understand  here- 
after." And  let  us  rest  in  the  comforting  assurance  that  He  will  be 
justified  and  forever  praised  for  all  His  working  toward  every  man 
in  all  the  generations  of  time.  So  resting,  we  may  fervently  join  in 
the  triumphant  ascription  of  Paul  as  he  closes  his  exposition  of  this 
theme,  Rom.  ii  :  33-36.  O  the  depth  of  the  riches  both  of  the  zi'isdom 
and  the  knouiedge  of  God!  How  nnscarchablc  are  His  judgments, 
and  His  ways  past  tracing  out!  For  of  Him  and  through  Him,  and 
unto  Him,  are  all  things.     To  Him  be  the  glory  forever!     Amen! 

2.  Conclusions  of  Fact,  Confirmatory  and  Helpful. 

To  the  intelligent,  thoughtful,  experienced,  and  loyally  self-con- 
secrated believer,  the  truth  of  the  Divine  Election,  as  set  forth  above 
in  the  texts  and  their  suggestions,  must  become,  with  increasing  ap- 
preciativeness,  one  of  his  most  sublime,  vital  and  assuring  convictions. 
Such  a  believer  cannot  but  recognize  the  force  and  accept  the  help 
of  these  inspired  statements  with  all  their  instructive  inferences. 
Upon  the  face  of  these  Scriptures  he  reads  these  simple  confirmatory 
facts : 

(i)  That  the  actual  subjects  of  God's  electing  grace  are  those 
and  only  those  who  have  themselves  accep^orl  divinely  proffered  mercy 
and  fulfilled  the  conditions  of  repentance,  faith,  love  and  obedience, 
upon  which  the  proffer  was  based. 

(2)  That  all  who  have  so  accepted,  repented,  believed,  loved  and 
obeyed  are  Divinely  elected  unto  holiness  and  salvation.  These  two 
facts  intimate  a  vital,  though  not  causal  connection  between  God's 
choice  of  the  believer,  and  the  believer's  faith  and  obedience  toward 
God. 

(3)  The  further  fact  that  all  the  passages  that  distinctly  in- 
timate an  effectual  calling,  or  Divine  election— that  is,  His  gracious 


Election  of  God.  135 

ensuring  through  the  seeking,  teaching  and  winning  influences  of 
the  Holy  Spirit  the  acceptance  of  the  call — are  addressed  directly  and 
exclusively  to  saints  or  believers,  those  who  Jiave  already  accepted 
and  are  elect.  The  only  possible  aim  and  purpose  in  the  statement 
of  or  reference  to  the  doctrine  must  therefore  be  the  spiritual  in- 
struction and  help  of  those  who  are  addressed,  believers  and  saints. 
And  this  purpose  can  be  discerned  in  every  text  with  its  connections 
of  thought.  Not  only  the  reason  for  so  large  and  varied  a  statement 
of  the  doctrine,  but  its  only  legitimate  and  healthful  effect,  is  found 
in  the  inspiration,  courage,  strength,  peace  and  rest  which  it  brings 
into  the  heart  and  life  of  the  weak  and  wavering  but  true  believer. 
Such,  in  part,  was  its  effect  upon  the  penitent  Peter,  which  drew 
from  his  loyal  heart  in  to  the  searching  yet  loving  question 

of  the  Christ  the  pathetic  reply,  which  was  both  confession  of  his 
own  sin  and  a  new  confession  of  His  Incarnate  Lord,  "  Lord.  Thou 
knowcst  all  things;  Thou  knowest  that  I  love  Thee!"  And  such 
must  be  its  effect  in  every  watchful,  fervent,  trustful  spirit,  since  it 
assures  the  helping  eye  and  ear  and  arm  of  One  whose  wisdom, 
might  and  love  are  alike  infinite,  and  who  actively  puts  forth  all  for 
the  believer's  restoration  to  holy  character  and  to  an  eternal  heavenly 
fellowship. 

Urgent  Counsels  to  Believers,  as  Elect  of  God. 

Coh  3:  12-17.  Put  on  therefore,  as  God's  elect,  holy  and  beloved, 
a  heart  of  compassion,  kindness,  humility,  meekness,  long-suffering; 
forbearing  one  another  and  forgiving  one  another;  and  above  all 
these  things  love,  which  is  the  bond  of  perfectness.  And  let  the 
peace  of  God  rule  in  your  '----fc  nnd  be  ye  thankful.  Let  the  word 
of  Christ  dwell  in  you  richly.  And  whatsoever  ye  do,  in  word  or 
deed,  do  all  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  Jesus,  giving  thanks  to  God  the 
Father  through  Him.  XL  479.  Eph.  i  :  4.  He  chose  us  in  Him 
(Christ),  that  we  should  be  holy  and  without  blemish  before  Him. 
XL  415.  Eph.  2:  ID.  Created  in  Christ  Jesus  for  good  works  which 
God  afore  prepared  {Proctoiniazo,  here  and  Rom.  9:23),  that  wc 
should  walk  in  them.  XL  421.  Eph.  4:  i.  Walk  worthily  of  the  call- 
ing wherewith  ye  were  called,  with  all  lowliness  and  meekness,  giving 
diligence  to  keep  the  unity  of  the  Spirit  in  the  bond  of  peace.  XL 
530.  I  Thes.  2:  12.  Walk  worthily  of  God,  who  calleth  you  into  His 
own  kingdom  and  glory,  i  Thes.  4 :  7.  God  called  us  not  for  unclean- 
ness,  but  in  sanctification.  XL  491.  2  Tim.  2:  19.  XL  534.  Heb.  3: 
I.  Holy  brethren,  partakers  of  a  heavenly  calling,  consider  the  Apostle 
and  High  Priest  of  our  confession,  even  Jesus,     i  Pet.  i :  15.  Like  as 


136  Election  of  God. 

He  who  called  you  is  holy,  be  ye  yourselves  also  holy  in  all  manner  of 
living.  XI.  649.  I  Pet.  2:9.  Ye  are  an  elect  race,  that  ye  may  shew 
forth  the  excellencies  of  Him  who  called  you  out  of  darkness  into  His 
marvelous  light.  XI.  654.  2  Pet.  i :  10.  Give  the  more  diligence  to 
make  your  calling  and  election  sure.  XI.  672.  And  we  have  the  in- 
spiring assurance,  Faithful  is  he  that  calleth  you,  who  also  will  do  it. 
2  Thes.  5  :  24. 

No  Directly  Alternative  or  Converse  Statement  to  the 
Doctrine  of  Election  Discernible  in  the  Scriptures. 

There  is  no  corresponding  positive  statement  touching  those  who 
are  not  included  among  the  elect,  or  the  "  saved  by  grace  through 
faith."  No  sentence  or  passage  of  the  Bible  can  be  reasonably  con- 
strued into  a  positive  declaration  that  God  has  decreed  any  to  doom 
simply  in  the  exercise  of  His  own  will,  and  irrespective  of  the  char- 
acter and  conduct  of  the  doomed.  It  is  "  ungodly  men,  turning  the 
grace  of  God  into  lasciviousness,  and  denying  our  only  Master  and 
Lord,  Jesus  Christ,  who  were  of  old  set  forth  (ordained,  not  /pre- 
ordained) to  this  condemnation."  Jude  4.  It  is  "  for  such  as  dis- 
believe," who  "  stumble  at  the  word,  being  disobedient,"  to  whom 
Christ  becomes  "  a  stone  of  stumbling,"  "  whereunto  they  were  ap- 
pointed." I  Pet.  2:7,  8.  It  is  the  "wicked,  slothful  and  unprofitable 
servant"  who  is  "cast  into  the  outer  darkness"  (Matt.  25:26,  30)  ; 
"the  cursed"  who  "go  away  into  eternal  punishment"  (Matt.  25: 
41,  46).  In  other  words,  no  doctrine  of  "reprobation"  proceeding 
from  the  mere  arbitrary  will  or  decree  of  God  is  explicitly  stated,  nor 
can  it  be  exegetically  nor  reasonably  inferred  from  any  passage  in 
the  Word  of  God. 


As  presenting  further  confirmatory  and  helpful  consider- 
ations respecting  this  Doctrine,  and  even  more,  for  the  broad 
reach  and  large  practical  application  of  its  own  teachings, 
a  thoughtful  study  should  here  be  given  to  the  theme: 


Agency,  Divine  and  Human. 


137 


AGENCY,  DIVINE  AND  HUMAN,  in  Providence  and  Re- 
demption. Divine  Willing  and  Working  the  Source  and 
Cause.     Human  Willing  and  Doing  a  Condition  and  Means. 

Human  Agency  Demanded.     Divine  Agency  Assures  Results. 


In  Providence. 


Gen.  3:  19.  In  the  sweat  of  thy 
face  eat  bread. 

2  Tim.  2:  6.  Husbandman  that  la- 
boreth  must  be  the  first  to  par- 
take of  the  fruits. 

2  Thes.  3:  10.  If  any  will  not 
work,  neither  let  him  eat. 


Ps.  104:  14.  He  causeth  grass  to 
grow  and  herb  for  the  service 
of  man. 

Isa.  55 :  10.  Giveth  bread  to  the 
eater  and  seed  to  the  sower. 

Matt.  6:11.  Give  us  our  daily 
bread. 


In  Redemption. 


Phil.   2:  12.  Work  out  your  own 

salvation. 
Lev.   19:14.  Thou  shalt  fear  thy 

God. 
Isa.   1:16.  Wash  yoir,  make  you 

clean. 
Ezek.    18:31.  Make   you    a    new 

heart. 
Eph.    4 :  2^.  Be   renewed    in    the 

spirit  of  your  mind. 
Eph.  4 :  24.  Put  off  the  old  man, 

put  on  the  new. 
Prov.  4 :  23.  Keep  thy  heart. 

Prov.    3:1.  Let    thy    heart    keep 

My  commandments. 
I   Tim.  5 :  22.  Keep  thyself  pure. 

I    Pet.    1 :  5.  Kept   through   faith 
Phil.  4:  13.  I  can  do  all  things 


God  worketh  in  you  to  will  and 

to  do. 
Jer.  32 : 4.  I  will  put  my  fear  in 

their  hearts. 
Ps.   51  :  10.  Create  a  clean  heart 

in  me,  O  God. 
Ezek.  26 :  36.  A  new  heart  will  I 

give  you. 
2  Cor.  4:  16.  Our  inward  man  is 

renewed  day  by  day. 
Col.  3:  10.  The  new  man  is  being 

renewed. 
Phil.    4:7.    Peace    of    God    shall 

keep  your  hearts. 
Jer.  31:33.  I  will  write  My  law 

in   their   hearts. 
Jude  24.  To  Him  that  is  able  to 

keep  you. 
By  the  power  of  God. 
Through  Christ  who  strengthen- 

eth  me. 


138  Agency,  Divine  and  Human. 

Phil.  3:  12.  I  press  on  that  I  may 

apprehend  that  For  which  I  was  apprehended  by- 

Christ  Jesus. 
I    Cor.    16:13.    Stand    fast,    quit      2  Cor.   12.  My  strength  is  made 

you  like  men,  be  strong.  perfect  in  weakness. 

1  Pet.    1 :  22.  Ye    have    purified 

yourselves  through  the  Spirit. 

Rom.  8:  13.  Ye  mortify  the  deeds 

of  the  body  by  the  Spirit. 

2  Thes.  2:  13.  Belief  of  the  truth 

and  sanctification  of  the  Spirit. 

Luke  13:23.  Strive  to  enter  in  by      John    10:9.  By   Me   if   any   man 

the  narrow  door.  enter  in,  he  shall  be  saved. 

Matt.    11:28.      Come    unto    Me.     John  6:44.  No  man  can  come  to 
John  5 :  40.  Me    except    the    Father    draw 

him. 
Matt.  5:48.  Be  perfect,  Heb.  13:21.  God  make  you  per- 

fect. 
2    Tim.    1 :  14.  That   good    thing 

keep  By  the  Holy  Ghost  who  dwelleth 

in  us. 
Jude  21.  Keep  yourselves  in  the      Rom.   5:5.  The   love   of   God   is 
love  of  God.  shed  abroad  in  our  hearts  by 

the  Holy  Ghost. 
John  15:4.  Abide  in  Me  and  I  in  you. 

"  Demand  what  Thou  wilt,  only  give  what  Thou  demandest."' 
Augustine. 

The  Potter  and  clay.  Jer.  18:1-10.  Divine  side,  vs.  1-6.  God 
Sovereign  in  National  and  Individual  life.  VHI.  488.  Also  Job  10:  9. 
Isa.  64:8.  Rom.  9:  10.  Human  side,  vs.  7-10.  Influenced  by  man. 
VIII.  489-492. 

Intervolution  of  Divine  and  human  plans  illustrated:  VII.  61,  62, 
154,  211-214. 

A  careful  and  exhaustive  study  of  the  texts  and  points  presented 
above  can  hardly  fail  to  remove  all  real  practical  difficulties  touching 
the  seemingly  irreconcilable  facts  of  Divine  Sovereignty  and  Human 
Freedom.  The  Bible  neither  directly  presents,  nor  does  it  attempt 
to  harmonize  the  related  and  combined  action  of  God  and  man.  It 
simply  ignores  the  question  of  difficulties.  Only  curious  and  specu- 
lative  thinking   has    raised    and    interminably  discussed   these,   to   no 


Kingdom  of  God.  139 

spiritual  profit,  and  without  any  conclusive  or  advantageous  result. 
By  throwing  an  impenetrable  veil  over  this  question,  it  puts  it  out 
of  the  sphere  of  reasonable  consideration,  and  so  removes  it  out  of 
the  list  of  possible  perplexities  and  doubts  for  every  right-minded 
believer.  On  the  one  hand  the  Bible  claims  for  God  an  absolute 
Sovereignty  over  all  being  and  events.  On  the  other,  it  recognizes 
and  affirms  man's  freedom  by  its  direct  oft-repeated  demand  that  this 
freedom  itself  be  faithfully  exercised  in  meeting  and  fulfilling,  to  the 
utmost  of  his  ability  and  endeavor,  all  the  righteous  purposes  and 
gracious  provisions  of  the  Sovereign  God  in  redeeming,  sanctifying 
and.  saving  men.  And  in  vital  conjunction  with  this  demand  the 
Book  of  God  assures  the  compliant,  fervent,  believing  man  that  the 
Sovereign  power  and  grace  of  God  are  engaged  to  second  and  secure 
the  promised  blessed  result. 

[When  treating  of  the  divine  efficiency  in  redemption  and  of  the 
divine  origination  of  it,  Paul  speaks  freely  and  unreservedly  from 
the  standpoint  of  God's  good  pleasure  in  the  choice  of  men  to  salva- 
tion; when  speaking  of  the  human  conditions  of  its  appropriation  he 
speaks  as  unreservedly  from  that  point  of  view,  laying  full,  strong 
emphasis  upon  the  capacity  of  men  to  receive  or  reject  the  offered 
grace,  and  upon  their  responsibility  for  their  choice.  .  .  .  When 
the  aim  is  to  humble  human  pride  and  pretension  before  the  sovereign 
might  of  God,  he  overleaps  all  human  conditions,  and  without  defini- 
tion or  qualification  asserts  the  divine  absoluteness,  gs  though  God 
dealt  with  men  as  the  potter  deals  with  passive  clay.  But  when  the 
aim  is  to  silence  h'uman  excuses  for  neglect  and  disobedience,  he 
brings  into  full  prominence  the  free  wrong  choices  and  conduct  of 
men  as  the  reason  for  God's  rejection  and  condemnation.  These  two 
truths  Paul  asserts  with  equal  energy  and  plainness.  He  adds  no 
word  of  comment  upon  their  relation  to  each  other.  He  betrays  no 
consciousness  of  any  conflict  or  contradiction  between  them.  G.  B. 
Stevens.'] 


KINGDOM    OF    GOD. 


Messiah,  King  of  the  Kingdom;  Christ,  Head  of  the 
Church. 

Ps.  2:6.  I  set  My  King  upon  holy  hill.  IV.  51-54.  Ps.  no:  i,  2. 
V.  231-233.  Ps.  24:  10.  IV.  192.  Isa.  6:  5.  VIII.  44,  65,  66.  Jer.  23: 
5.  VIII.  504.     Ezek.  2)7 '■~^-  I^-  ^66.     Daniel.  IX.  237,  252,  3.     Zech. 


i^o  Kingdom  of  God. 

9:9.  John  12:15.  Thy  King  cometh.  IX.  589,  590.  John  11 :  13-15. 
John- 18:37.  Matt.  25:31-34.  i  Tim.  6:15.  Rev.  17:14-  King  of 
kings.     Rev.  11:  15.  XI.  753. 

The  Kingdom  of  the  Psalms. 

A  City,  Zion  or  Jerusalem.  Ps.  46:4-7-  IV.  333-337-  Ps.  48:  1-3, 
11-14.  IV.  342-346.     Ps.  87:  1-3.  V.  85-89. 

A  Universal  Dominion.  Ps.  72:1,  8.  IV.  479-486.  Ps.  89:36. 
V.  loi. 

A  Bride  of  the  King.     Ps.  45:  10-15.  V.  326-331. 

Sphere  of  the  Kingdom.  Not  outward  and  visible,  but  within 
the  spirit,  invisible.  Luke  17:20,  21.  Cometh  not  with  observation. 
Is  within  you.  X.  381.  i  Cor.  4:20.  Not  in  word,  but  in  power. 
John  18:36.  My  Kingdom  not  of  this  world. 

Regeneration  a  condition  of  membership.  John  3 :  5.  Ex- 
cept a  man  be  born  (anew)  of  the  Spirit,  he  cannot  enter.  X.  88. 
I  Cor.  6:9,  10.  Unrighteous  cannot  inherit  the  K.  Nor  extortioners, 
covetous,  drunkards,  etc.     Eph.  5  :  5. 

Fruits  of  membership,  and  quaUfications  for  it.  Rom.  14: 
17.  Not  meat  and  drink,  but  righteousness,  peace,  and  joy  in  the  Holy 
Ghost.  Mark  10:  14.  Of  such  (the  childlike)  is  the  K.  of  God.  Luke 
6:20.  Yours  (poor  in  spirit)  is  the  K.  Read  note  XL  467.  Ps.  15. 
IV.  113-117.     Ps.  24:3-6.  IV.  189-191. 

Extension  of  the  Kingdom  through  the  GospeL  Col.  1 : 
5,  6.  Gospel  in  all  the  world  bearing  fruit  and  increasing.  2  Thes. 
3:  I.  The  word  of  the  Lord  have  free  course.  Mark  16:  15.  Tn  all 
the  world,  preach  the  Gospel  to  the  whole  creation. 

Its  Ultimate  Reach  and  Final  Triumph.  Isa.  11:9.  Earth 
full  of  the  knowledge  of  God.  VIII.  80.  Jer.  31:34-  AH  shall  know 
the  Lord,  from  least  to  greatest.  VIII.  550.  Dan.  2:44,  45.  Stone 
cut  out  of  mountain.  IX.  234-237.  Rev.  11:15.  Kingdoms  of  this 
world  become  the  K.  of  our  Lord  and  His  Christ.  XT.  750,  753.  Ps. 
72:  II,  17.  All  nations  shall  serve  Him.  Call  Him  blessed.  IV.  483- 
486.  Isa.  45:23.  Rom.  14:11.  Phil.  2:10.  Every  knee  shall  bow 
and  every  tongue  confess.  VIII.  241.     Ps.  87.  V.  87-89. 

Other  Missionary  Passages:  Isa.  2:2-4.  VIII.  27,  28.  IX.  479- 
.481.     Isa.  42:4,  10-13.  VIII.  221,  223.     Isa.  60.  Golden  Age.  VIII. 


Heaven  of  God.  141 

345-352.  Isa.  62:1,  2,  7.  VIII.  359-361.  Isa.  65:17-25.  VIII.  378- 
380.  Zech.  4:7.  IX.  567.  Zech.  9:  10.  IX.  591.  Zech.  14:8-21.  IX. 
616-619.  Hag.  2:22.  Mai.  3:  10.  IX.  643.  (A  broad  and  assuring 
basis  for  the  prayer,  "Thy  Kingdom  come.")  Ps.  45.  For  full  treat- 
ment of  Missions,  sec  Top.  An.  pp. 

The  Kingdom  Stable  and  Enduring.  Heb.  12 :  28.  A  king- 
dom that  cannot  be  shaken.  XI.  612.  Ps.  145:  13.  Everlasting  through 
all  generations.  Dan.  4:34.  An  everlasting  dominion.  2  Pet.  i:  11. 
Of  Christ.  Luke  i :  t^t^.  Of  His  Kingdom  shall  be  no  end.  Tri- 
umphant over  Foes.  VII.  201-203. 

'  For  other  instructive  points,  see  Top.  An.,  pp.  258-263. 

[The  highest  Kingdom  we  can  conceive  to  exist  is  one  whicii 
aims  at  the  holiness  of  all  that  belong  to  it;  which  has  love  for  its 
common  principle;  which  has  for  its  head  a  Being  who  unites  all 
human  with  all  divine  perfections ;  who  has  himself  suffered  for  all 
the  members  of  this  Kingdom  and  in  their  stead;  and  who  will  reign 
over  and  within  them,  not  only  for  this  life,  but  also  for  that  which 
is  to  come.  In  such  a  Kingdom  all  are  bound  together  by  the  strongest 
ties  for  the  highest  objects.  And  such  is  the  Kingdom  of  which 
Jesus  Christ  is  the  Head  and  redeemed  men  the  body.  Beyond  the 
idea  of  such  a  system,  centering  in  such  a  Being,  human  thought  is 
impotent  to  advance  and  the  human  heart  has  nothing  real  to  desire: 
it  satisfies  all  within  us  which  is  not  sinful,  and  it  is  its  crowning 
glory  that  it  subdues  our  sinfulness  itself.  .  .  .  Never  is  the  soul 
so  conscious  of  its  -full  capacities  of  thought  and  feeling,  never  does 
it  throb  with  such  unwonted  and  divine  life,  as  when  it  has  most 
fully  grasped  the  majestic  reality  of  the  Christian  faith  as  a  wondrous 
and  harmonious  whole,  tending  to  the  highest  imaginable  end,  and 
centering  in  that  glorious  Being  who  unites  divinity  with  humanity 
and  reconciles  heaven  with  earth.  Henry  B.  Smith.']  Read  the  zvhole 
uplifting  and  inspiring  paragraph,  XL  467. 


HEAVEN    OF    GOD. 


The  word  is  Heavens  in  O.  T. ;  Hcavoi  in  the  N^ew.     It  has  two 
uses  or  meanings : 

I.  Definite.  The  immeasurable  Expanse  or  Universe,  enclosing 
innumerable  Stellar  Bodies  visible  and  invisible,  including  our  Sun 
and  its  Planetary  System.     Gen.   1:1.  God  created  the  heaven  and' 


142  Heaven  of  God. 

the  earth.  I.  93,  98.  Isa.  40:  12,  22,  26.  The  heavens  as  a  curtain. 
Bringeth  out  their  host  by  number,  calleth  them  all  by  name.  VIII. 
209-211,  V.  486.  Ps.  19:  1-6.  The  heavens  declare  the  glory  of  God. 
Firmament,  Sun.  IV.  146-151.  Ps.  8:3.  The  heavens,  the  moon  and 
stars  Thou  hast  ordained.  IV.  76-81.  Jer.  2-^:  24.  Do  not  I  fill  heaven 
and  earth?  VIII.  511.  Jer.  32:17.  VII.  445.  Isa.  34:4.  Host  of 
heaven  dissolved.  VIII.  169,  170.     2  Pet.  3:7,  10-13.  XI.  677,  8. 

2.  The  Undefined  Sphere  (Eternal  Dwelling-Place) 
of  the  Peculiar  Presence  of  the  Most  High  God,  in  Per- 
sonal Fellowship  with  Worshiping  Hosts,  Angels  and 
Saints,  and  in  Responsive  Relations  to  Redeemed  Men 
on  Earth. 

The  general  texts  are  many,  and  varied  in  points  of  appli- 
cation: Gen.  28:  17.  Gate  of  heaven.  I.  446.  2  Chron.  30:  27.  Prayer 
came  up  to  His  holy  habitation,  even  to  heaven.  Ps.  20 :  6.  Will  hear 
from  His  holy  heaven.  IV.  165.  Ps.  73:25.  In  heaven  but  Thee.  V. 
12.  Ezra  I  :  2.  God  of  heaven.  VII.  493.  Mai.  3 :  10.  Open  the  win- 
dows of  heaven.  Luke  3  :  3.  Kingdom  of  heaven.  X.  57.  John  3 :  3. 
Cannot  see  Kingdom.  Matt.  5  :  12.  Reward  in  heaven.  X.  147.  Father 
in  Heaven.  Matt.  5:45;  7:21;  6:9,  10.  X.  157,  8.  Matt.  6:20. 
Treasure  in  heaven.  X.  161.  Luke  20:36.  Angels  of  God  in  heaven. 
X.  428.     Luke  10:20.  Nam.es  written  in  heaven.  X.  321.     Luke  20: 

4.  Baptism  of  John,  from  heaven.  John  3:31.  Cometh  from  heaven. 
6:38.  I  came  down  from  heaven,  i  Cor.  15:47.  Second  man,  Lord 
from  heaven.  Eph.  3:15.  Family  in  heaven.  XL  425.  Col.  1:5. 
Hope  laid  up  in  heaven.  Heb.  9 :  24.  Christ  is  entered  into  heaven 
for  us.  Heb.  12:23.  First-born  written  in  heaven,  i  Pet.  1:4.  In- 
heritance in  heaven.  XL  646.  Rev.  4:2.  Throne  in  heaven.  XL  738.^ 
11:12.  Temple  in  heaven.  XL  753. 

Figurative  Representations:  Heavenly  Country.  Heb.  11: 
14-16.  They  seek,  desire  a  better  country,  even  an  heavenly.  XL  599. 
Heavenly  Places.  Eph.  i  :  3.  All  spiritual  blessings  in  the  heavenly 
places  in  Christ.  XL  415.  Eph.  2:6,  7.  Sit  together  with  Christ  in 
h.  p.  XL  420.  Eph.  3:  10.  Principalities  in  h.  p.  XL  424.  John  14:2. 
In  My  Father's  house  are  many  abiding  places.  I  go,  etc.  X.  480. 
Rest  for  God's  people. 

The  rest  that  remaineth  for  the  people  of  God.  Ps.  95:  11.  V.  144, 

5.  Heb.  3:  II,  18;  4:  I,  5,  9.  10,  II.  XL  566-568.    Job.  3:  17.  VI.  31. 


Heaven  of  God.  143 

2  Thes.  1:7.  To  troubled,  rest  with  us.  Rev.  14:13.  Blessed  who 
die  in  the  Lord;  they  rest  from  their  labors.  XI.  759.  An  Inheritance. 
I  Pet.  I  :  4.  An  inheritance  incorruptible,  undefiled,  that  fadeth  not 
away,  reserved  in  heaven.  XI.  645.  Rom.  8:  16,  17.  If  children,  heirs 
of  God  and  joint-heirs  with  Christ,  that  we  may  be  glorified  together. 
XI.  237.     A  Kingdom  that  cannot  he  moved.  Heb.  12 :  28.  XL  612. 

Chief  Figure,  Definite  and  Impressive.  The  City  of 
the  Living  God,  the  Heavenly  Jerusalem.    Heb.  12 :  22.  The 

Church  or  Kingdom  of  God,  on  earth  prefigured  by  the  Zion  and 
Jerusalem  of  David.  (IV.  343,  V.  85,  VIII.  123,  271,  349;  Ezek.  48: 
35.  IX.  198.)  The  Church,  or  Kingdom  in  heaven,  expands  the 
figure.  Heb.  11:  10,  16.  He  hath  prepared  for  them  a  city.  Whose 
builder  and  maker  is  God.  XL  598,  599.  Heb.  13 :  14.  Here  no  con- 
tinuing city,  but  seek  one  to  come.  XL  615.  Rev.  3:12.  Name  of 
the  City  of  my  God,  the  new  Jerusalem.  XL  734.  Rev.  21 :  2,  10-12, 
22,  etc.  Holy  City,  new  Jerusalem.  Great  City,  holy  Jerusalem.  XL 
775-779- 

Manifold  promises  of  deliverance  from  present  trial  refer 
to  the  soul's  entrance  into  the  Nev/  Jerusalem  above. 

From  that  Heavenly  City  of  God  it  is  declared  that  all  ills,  evils 
and  sufferings  shall  be  forever  banished.  Isa.  33 :  24.  The  inhabitant 
shall  not  say,  I  am  sick.  VIII.  166.  Rev.  21 : 4.  He  shall  wipe  away 
every  tear;  and  death  shall  be  no  more;  neither  shall  there  be  mourn- 
ing, nor  crying,  nor  {fain  any  more.  XL  778.  Rev.  22 :  3.  There  shall 
be  no  curse  any  more.  V.  4.  There  shall  be  night  no  more,  and  they 
need  no  light  of  lamp,  neither  light  of  sun.  XL  781,  2.  Rev.  7:  16. 
Hunger  no  more,  neither  thirst  any  more ;  neither  shall  the  sun  strike 
them,  nor  any  heat.  XL  7x7.  Isa.  49:  10.  Job  3:  17.  Wicked  cease 
from  troubling  (including  evil  spirits,  evil  men,  evil  thoughts,  desires, 
passions,  every  form  of  temptation  and  tempter  to  sin),  and  the  weary 
are  at  rest.  VI.  31.  32.  Rev.  21:27.  Nothing  that  defileth,  worketh 
abomination  or  maketh  a  lie.  Thus  the  Scriptures  affirm  the  removal 
of  all  known  sources  of  disquiet  and  unhappiness  in  the  present  life. 

Clear  and  Abundant  Intimations,  in  positive  forms, 
of  abiding  happiness  in  the  experiences  of  the  heavenly 

life,  (i)  At  the  outset  of  that  life  is  heard  the  zvelcome  of  Christ 
(Matt.  25:34)  :  Come,  ye  blessed  of  My  Father,  inherit  the  Kingdom 
prepared  for  you.  X.  462.     (2)  A  glorified  body  assured,     i  Cor.  15: 


144  Heaven  of  God. 

49-53.  We  shall  bear  the  image  of  the  heavenly.  XI.  339,  340.  Phil. 
3 :  21.  Who  shall  fashion  anew  the  body  of  our  humiliation,  conformed 
to  the  body  of  His  glory.  XL  461.  (3)  Immeasurably  augmented 
knowledge  for  the  adequately  enlarged  intellect,  i  Cor.  13:  9,  10,  12. 
Then  shall  I  know  (fully)  even  as  also  I  have  been  known  (fully). 
XL  325-327.  John  13:  7.  What  I  do  thou  knowest  not  now;  but  thou 
shalt  understand  hereafter.  X.  469.  (4)  Love  perfected  and  pure, 
with  an  abiding  vision  of  Christ,  a  restored  intimacy  with  the  loved 
on  earth,  and  an  unlimited  expansion  of  affectionate  fellowship  with 
all  pure  spirits,  angelic  and  redeemed.  Face  to  face.  IL  276.  i  Cor. 
13:  13.  Abideth  love.  XL  327.  Phil,  i :  23.  To  be  with  Christ  .  .  . 
is  very  far  better.  XL  449,  XL  610,  last  note.  Rev.  21 : 3.  He  will 
dwell  with  them.  XL  yyy.  (5)  Enlarged  capacities  and  opportunities 
for  service  by  the  utterly  consecrated  will.  Rev.  22 :  3.  His  servants 
shall  serve  Him.  XL  781.  Rev.  7:  15.  Serve  Him  day  and  night. 
And  herein  is  affirmed  a  changeless  spiritual  body,  and  is  implied  an 
endless  development  and  progression  in  force  and  exercise  of  every 
godlike  faculty  of  the  immortal  human  spirit. 

Other  Scriptures  intimating  the  positive  abiding 
blessedness  of  redeemed  saints,     isa.   35:10.  The  redeemed 

shall  walk  there;  and  everlasting  joy  shall  .  .  .  they  obtain. 
VHL  176,  7.  Dan.  12:3.  They  that  turn  many  to  righteousness  shall 
shine  as  the  stars  forever.  IX.  324,  5.  Rev.  14:  13.  Their  works  do 
follow  them.  XL  759.  Rom.  2:7.  To  them  who  by  patience  in  well- 
doing seek  for  glory,  honor,  and  incorruption,  eternal  life.  XL  205. 
Ps.  16:  II.  In  Thy  presence  is  fullness  of  iov.  in  Thy  right  hand  there 
are  pleasures  for  evermore.  IV.  122-125.  Ps.  17:  15.  I  shall  be  satis- 
fied, when  I  awake,  with  Thy  likeness.  IV.  129-133.  Ps.  23:6.  I  will 
dwell  in  the  house  of  the  Lord  forever.  IV.  186,  187.  Ps.  y^i  '■  ^4-  Anrf 
afterward  receive  me  to  glory.  V.  11-13.  Isa.  33:  17.  See  the  King 
in  His  beauty.  VIII.  165.  Mai.  3:17.  Mine  when  I  make  up  My 
jewels.  IX.  648. 

The  inspired  disclosures  touching  the  Heavenly  State  may  be 
summed  up  in  the 

Comprehensive  Affirmation  of  Heb.  12:23,  24,  illus- 
trated by  the  sublime  pictures  of  Rev.  5:  5-14;  7:9-17:  14:  1-5. 

Heb.  12:23,  24.  Ye  are  come  unto  the  city  of  the  Living  God, 
the  heavenly  Jerusalem.  Described  Rev.  21:  10-27;  22:  1-5.  XL  774- 
782.     To  innumerable  hosts  of  angels.    Rev.  5:11.  Many  angels  round 


Heaven  of  God.  145 

about  the  throne.  7:11.  To  the  general  assembly  and  church  of  the 
first-born  who  are  enrolled  in  heaven.  The  innumerable  Company  of 
the  Redeemed.  Rev.  7 :  9.  A  great  multitude,  which  no  man  could 
number,  of  all  nations,  kindreds,  peoples  and  tongues.  XI.  746.  Rev. 
14:  I,  3.  XL  759.  To  God  the  Judge  of  all.  Rev.  20:  11-15.  A  great 
white  throne.  The  dead,  small  and  great,  before  God.  XI.  770.  To  the 
spirits  of  just  {justified)  men  made  perfect.  XI.  610.  An  intimation, 
possibly,  of  special  fellowship  with  saints,  or  kindred  spirits. 

Supreme  emphasis  should  be  given  to  the  final  particular. 

To  Jesus,  the  Mediator  of  a  New  Covenant  and  to  the 

Blood  of  Sprinkling.  XI.  611.  Christ  the  One  Figure  and  His 
Sacrifice  the  One  Theme,  Central  and  Vital  to  the  Vision,  the  Sig- 
nificance, and  the  Realization  of  Heaven.  Rev.  5 :  6-14.  Lo,  in  the 
midst  of  the  throne  a  Lamb  standing,  as  though  it  had  been  slain. 
And  I  heard  a  voice  of  many  angels,  and  the  living  creatures  (repre- 
senting all  animate  and  sentient  creatures),  and  the  elders  (the 
church  of  all  ages)  ;  saying.  Worthy  is  the  Lamb  that  hath  been  slain 
to  receive  power,  riches,  wisdom,  might,  honor,  glory  and  blessing. 
XI.  741.  Rev.  7:9-12.  XI.  746,  7.  Rev.  14:  i,  4.  Behold  the  Lamb 
standing  on  the  Mount  Zion.  XI.  759.  Responsive  expressions  are 
many,  and  embody  most  precious  promises  and  hopes.  Isa.  33:17. 
See  the  King  in  His  beauty.  VIII.  165,  6.  John  14:3.  Receive  you 
unto  Myself.  X.  480.  John  17:24.  Be  with  Me  where  I  am,  that 
they  may  behold  My  glory.  X.  510.  Rom.  8:  17.  Glorified  together 
with  Him.  XI.  2T,y.  '  2  Cor.  5 :  8.  Willing  to  be  at  home  with  the 
Lord.  XL  362.  I  John  3 :  2.  We  know  that  we  shall  be  like  Him,  for 
we  shall  see  Him  as  He  is.  XI.  690.  Rev.  22:4.  His  servants  shall 
see  His  face.  XI.  774,  5.  i  Thes.  5:  10.  Who  died  for  us  that  we 
should  live  together  with  Him.  XI.  495.  i  Thes.  4:14-18.  Them 
that  are  fallen  asleep  in  Jesus  will  God  bring  with  Him.  And  so  shall 
zve  ever  be  with  the  Lord.  XI.  493.  V.  18.  Wherefore  comfort  one 
another  with  these  words.     Effect  of  the  Vision  of  God.  II.  276. 

Conclude  the  study  of  this  sublime  theme  with  the  impressive 
and  inspiring  comment  upon  Chapters  21  and  22  of  the  Revelation, 
Vol.  XI.  pp.  773-786. 


146  Man:  Creation  and  Constitution. 

PART  II. 
BIBLE  TEACHINGS  CONCERNING  MAN. 

MAN :    Creation  and  Constitution. 

Direct  Creation  by  God.  Hcb.  Bara,  prepare,  form,  fash- 
ion, create.  Gen.  1:27.  God  created  man.  I.  131-133.  Gen.  5:1. 
Deut.  4:32.  Isa.  45:  12.  Original  Estate  and  Antiquity  of  Man.  I. 
139-148.     Job  8:  9.  VI.  55,  6.     Dawson. 

Constituent  Elements  of  His  Complex  Being. 

I.  Body.  Heh.  Basar,  flesh;  Gr.  Soma.  Gen.  2:7.  And  the 
Lord  God  formed  man  of  the  dust  of  the  ground.  I.  132-134.  Eccles. 
12:  7.  The  dust  return  to  the  earth  as  it  was.  VI.  515.  Eccles.  3 :  18- 
20.  VI.  463. 

I  Cor.  15:44,  47,  49.  There  is  a  natural  body.  The  first  man 
is  of  the  earth,  earthy.  We  have  borne  the  image  of  the  earthy.  XI. 
338,  339.  I  Cor.  6:  15,  19.  Your  bodies  are  members  of  Christ. 
Your  body  is  the  temple  of  the  Holy  Ghost  which  is  in  you.  XL  298. 
Rom.  8 :  23.  Redemption  of  our  body.  XL  238. 

i  Soul,  Hcb.  Ncphesh;  Gr.  Psiikc  =  Animal  Soul. 
^'     \  Spirit,  Hcb.  Rnach,  Wind ;  Gr.  Pnciima. 

Gen.  2:';.  Breathed  into  his  nostrils  the  breath  of  life,  and  man 
became  a  Living  Soul.  I.  133-135.  Matt.  10:28;  16:26.  i  Thes.  5: 
23.  Num.  16:22.  The  God  of  the  spirits  of  all  flesh.  Heb.  12:9. 
The  Father  of  spirits.  Ps.  32:2;  51:  10.  Prov.  18:  14.  John  4:23. 
Rom.  8:16.  I  Cor.  2:  it;  6:20.  Glorify  God  in  your  body  and 
spirit.  I  Thes.  5 :  23.  Your  spirit,  soul  and  body.  XL  497.  Prov. 
20:  27.  The  spirit  {Heb.  neshamah)  of  man  is  the  candle  of  the  Lord. 
VI.  368. 

For  Scriptural  uses  of  the  zvords  "  Soul "  and  "  Spirit,"  see  Top. 
An.,  p.  299. 

Man  Made  in  the  Image  of  God. 

One  man  created,  superior  to  all  other  creatures.  I.  153-155.  Gen. 
26,  27.  And  God  said.  Let  Us  make  man  in  Our  image,  after  Our 


Spiritual  Faculties.  147 

likeness.  And  God  created  man  in  His  own  image,  in  the  image  of 
God  created  He  him.  I.  133-138.  Gen.  5:1.  God  created  man  in 
the  likeness  of  God.  Eph.  4 :  24.  Put  on  the  new  man,  which  is  after 
God,  created  in  righteousness  and  holiness  of  truth.  Col.  3 :  10.  Put 
on  the  new  man  which  is  being  renewed  unto  knowledge  after  the 
image  of  Him  that  created  him.  For  exposition  see  Top.  An.,  pp.  300- 
302. 

Elemental  Endowments,  or  Faculties,  of  Man's  Spir- 
itual Nature. 

1.  Intellect,  Reason,  Understanding.  Inchiding  powers  of 
Observation,  Perception,  Apprehension,  Conception,  Reflection,  Com- 
parison and  Judgment. 

2.  Heart  (in  restricted  sense)  or  Sensibility.  Including  the 
Affections,  Emotions  and  Desires. 

3.  Will,  or  Self-Determining  Power.  Including  Preference 
and  Choice,  Purpose  and  Decision. 

Of  these  three,  only  the  Intellect  may  be  exercised  alone,  and 
then  only  upon  abstract  themes  of  thought.  In  the  customary  pro- 
cesses of  mental  action,  the  relation  between  the  three  may  be  stated 
in  a  single  sentence :  The  wide-visioned  intellect  discloses  .to  and  im- 
presses upon  the  sensibilities  various  objects  of  interest  and  attrac- 
tion, and  so  excites  emotion,  affection  or  desire ;  while,  in  their  turn, 
stirred  feeling  and  excited  desire  act  with  motive  force  upon  the  will 
to  choose  and  seek  the  desired  objects. 

4.  Conscience,  the  Moral  Faculty  of  Man's  Nature. 

Besides  the  ordinary  mutual  relations,  just  referred  to,  of  the 
three  co-existing  and  co-acting  faculties  of  the  Mind  or  spiritual 
structure,  they  all  are  vitally  related  to  the  moral  element  which 
forms  the  chief  and  highest  characteristic  in  the  God-created  nature 
of  man.  As  a  responsible,  personally  accountable  being,  man  finds 
deeply  implanted  in  the  heart  of  his  consciousness  a  threefold  capa- 
city and  conviction  concerning  right  and  wrong,  good  and  evil.  He 
possesses,  and  knows  that  .he  possesses,  a  pozver  of  moral  knowledge, 
an  intuitive  knowledge  of  the  right  and  the  wrong,  the  good  and  the 
evil.  He  cherishes,  and  knows  that  he  cherishes,  in  his  inmost  heart 
a  power  of  moral  affection,  a  capacity  and  intuitive  demand  for  do 


148  Early  Spiritual  History. 

siring  and  loving  the  right  or  the  wrong,  the  good  or  the  evil.  And 
he  is  profoundly  conscious,  and  knows  that  he  is  conscious,  of  the 
possession  of  a  pozvcr  of  moral  freedom  in  his  every  choice  and  act, 
a  capacity  of  will  that  knowingly  determines  to  seek,  and  determinedly 
seeks  and  enacts  the  right  or  the  wrong,  the  good  or  the  evil.  This 
power,  with  its  threefold  media  of  acting,  the  Scripture  calls  Con- 
science. We  name  it,  according  to  the  faculty  through  which  it  acts, 
the  moral  judgment,  the  moral  feeling,  or  the  moral  force.  This 
Conscience,  in  its  normal  condition  and  attitude,  dictates  nothing 
other  than  the  seeking  and  yielding  obedience  to  the  right  and  the 
good.  And  the  actual  response  to  its  mandate  determines  the  moral 
character  of  every  human  soul,  that  which  he  is  in  the  sight  of  God, 
righteous  or  wicked,  justified  or  condemned. 

Endowed  with  an  Immortal  and  Indestructible  Exist- 
ence. 

This  is  a  part  of  the  original  gift  of  God  in  the  creation  of  man, 
entirely  distinct  from  the  faculties  included  in  his  spiritual  nature. 
It  is  an  added  endowment  to  his  being  and  powers,  a  bestowal  of  an 
eternal  existence  for  the  enjoyment  of  being,  in  the  exercise  and 
expansion  of  these  powers. 

Thus  far  as  respects  the  Creation  and  Constitution  of  Man.  Next 
as  to  his 

Early  Spiritual  Experiences  and  History. 

After  Creation,  Man  Blessed  with  Home  and  Work  in 
Eden. 

Under  the  conscious  smile,  the  fostering  care  and  the  manifest 
love  of  his  Divine  Creator,  he  enjoys  the  high,  sweet  privilege  of 
fellowship  and  communion  with  his  Father  God.  This  is  intimated 
in  Gen.  2:  18,  28,  31;  in  the  helpmeet  made  for  and  given  to  Adam, 
in  the  large  and  varied  blessing  of  God  upon  them,  and  in  the  declara- 
tion immediately  following,  "  God  saw  everything  that  He  had  made, 
and,  behold,  it  was  very  good."  It  is  also  intimated  in  Gen.  3:8-11, 
in  the  colloquy  of  God  with  Adam  "  in  the  garden  in  the  cool  of  the 
day."  The  voice  of  God  had  been  heard  before,  and  gladly  re- 
sponded to  in  the  previous  days  of  their  innocence,  and  those  days 
had,  doubtless,  been  many  enough  for  large  and  blessed  discourse, 
and  for  abundant  instruction  upon  every  needed  point  of  love  and 
duty  and  service.     Read  I.  166-168. 


Man's  Test  and  Failure.  149 

In  Eden  Man  Placed  under  Law  by  his  Creator  and 
Moral  Governor. 

He  was  subjected  to  a  simple  test  of  love  and  obedience ;  a  test 
of  zvillingncss  to  respond  to  his  Creator's  love,  to  conform  his  will 
to  the  Sovereign  Will  and  rightful  Authority  of  the  Infinite  and 
Eternal  God.  A  creature  of  intelligence,  affection  and  freedom  in 
choice  and  action,  knowing  himself  the  recipient  of  his  Creator's  af- 
fection and  bounty  as  shown  by  His  gift  of  godlike  capacities  and 
by  ample  Providential  blessings,  a  requital  of  affection  and  response 
of  obedience  was  known  and  felt  by  him  to  be  his  natural  and 
imperative  obligation.  And  this  love  and  obedience  were  the  only 
elements  of  the  Law  under  which  he  was  placed.  From  the  nature 
and  relations  of  God  and  His  spiritual  creatures,  there  can  be  no  other 
requirements  than  these.  The  particular  test  demanded  no  positive 
or  painful  exertion  and  achievement.  It  asked  only  a  small  self- 
denial,  the  abstinence  from  a  single  self-indulgence  which  itself  was 
absolutely  needless  for  his  comfort  or  enjoyment,  nay,  which  his 
Creator's  truthful  word  declared  would  prove  destructive  to  his  peace 
and  happiness.  Read  I.  169-171.  [The  thing  to  be  observed  is,  that 
obedience  alone  describes  the  original  probation  of  man.  It  matters 
not  at  all  whether  the  interdicted  act  be  in  itself  great  or  small— it 
was  a  test  of  obedience.     IV.  Adams.'] 

Man's  Failure  under  the  Test;  His  Disobedience 
through  Self-indulgence,  His  Rejection  of  Divine  Au- 
thority through  Self -Will. 

It  is  true  and  should  be  considered  on  the  side  of  Man,  not  as 
palliative  or  excuse  of  his  transgression,  but  in  simple  justice  to  the 
first  sinner  as  compared  with  multitudes  among  his  successors,  that 
his  first  movement  toward  disobedience  did  not  come  immediately 
from  his  own  reasonings,  impulses  and  determination.  Another  Agent, 
in  the  person  of  the  Head  of  already  Fallen  Angels,  intervened  to 
deceive  and  to  tempt  the  untried  and  unproved  man  by  false  state- 
ments and  insidious  appeals.  Thus,  through  the  strength  of  excited 
desires  in  man's  whole  nature,  and  the  weakness  of  his  whole  nature, 
a  newly  developed  force  of  Self-Pride,  Self-indulgence  and  Self-Will, 
led  the  first  pair  deliberately  and  determinedly  to  disobey  God,  to 
reject  His  Love  and  Fellowship,  to  set  at  nought  and  defy  His  Sov- 
ereign, wise  and  rightful  authority.     Read  I.   172-182. 


150  Man's  Changed  Character  and  Condition. 

Resulting  Transformation  of  Character  and  Condi- 
tion. Reversal  of  Standing  before  God  and  His  Law  of 
Love  and  Holiness. 

From  his  original  innocence,  righteousness  and  purity,  favor  with 
God,  and  blessedness  in  God's  companionship,  he  passed  at  once  into 
a  state  of  guilt  and  unrighteousness,  of  disfavor  with  God  and  of 
banishment  from  His  fellowship,  and  so  of  inward  wretchedness. 
From  thenceforth,  too,  he  stood  hopelessly,  helplessly  condemned  be- 
fore the  Law  and  the  Divine  Lawgiver,  looking  forward  only  to  the 
full  final  execution  of  the  sentence  of  eternal  death.  From  thence- 
forth all  his  high  faculties  were  marred  in  their  force  and  deranged 
in  their  acting.  The  reason  became  so  darkened  as  to  be  almost  im- 
pervious to  the  true  knowledge  of  God.  The  heart  became  hardened 
against  all  appeal  of  high,  pure  desire  and  affection.  The  will  became 
as  adamant  in  resistance  to  all  motive  and  urgency  on  the  part  of 
right  and  duty  and  love.  And  so  all  his  spiritual  powers  became 
misdirected  and  misused,  turned  backward  from  their  originally 
adapted  uses  and  appointed  purposes,  away  from  God  and  toward 
self,  independent  and  neglectful  of  God,  dependent  only  upon  and 
devoted  to  Self.  This  has  been  man's  condition,  as  the  result  of  the 
first  sin  of  the  first  man,  progenitor  of  the  race.  And  this  first  great 
change  was  the  metanoia  (change  of  mind)  of  the  pure  spirit  of  man, 
the  utter  reversal  of  his  previous  life  currents  of  thought,  feeling 
and  will. 

[With  the  substantial  reality  of  this  history  the  religion  of  Re- 
demption stands  and  falls.  Also  the  historical  verity  of  the  origin 
of  mankind  is  one  of  the  indispensable  presuppositions  of  Christianity, 
which,  without  it,  can  be  the  religion  of  the  most  perfect  morals  but 
not  the  religion  of  the  Redemption  of  mankind.  Dclitsch.']  See  L 
204.  A.  E. 

Man's  Changed  Character  and  Relations  with  God 
and  His  Law  the  Inheritance  of  His  Posterity. 

Simply  the  Fact  is  to  be  noted,  for  the  Scripture  goes  no  farther, 
and  reason  has  no  basis  for  inference  with  respect  to  the  "  nature 
of  the  transmitted  influence  which  connects  our  sin  with  the  sin  of 
Adam."  See  L  182.  But  the  truth  that  all  are  sinners  finds  frequent 
and  varied  expression  in  every  Book  of  the  Bible. 

Promise  of  Mercy  and  Deliverance  through  a  Per- 
sonal Deliverer,    embodied    in    the    Divine    Words    of    Sentence 


First  Root — Promise  of  God.  151 

against  Satan,  against  Eve  and  against  Adam.  Gen.  3:  14-19.  The 
promise  is  contained  in  the  sentence  of  Satan,  /  will  put  enmity  be- 
fzvcen  thee  and  the  zvoman  {zvhom  he  had  tempted),  and  between 
thy  seed  and  her  seed.  It  (or  He)  shall  bruise  thy  head,  and  thou 
shalt  bruise  His  heel.  I.  188-193. 

These  words  have  always  been  emphasized  as  the  Protcvangelion, 
or  First  Gospel,  the  original  Root-Promise  of  Jehovah.  Its  repetition 
and  expansion,  its  increasing  definiteness  as  to  the  Person  who  shall 
deliver  and  as  to  the  details  of  His  Deliverance,  and  its  final  fulfill- 
ment in  the  Incarnation  and  Atoning  Death  of  Christ,  comprise  the 
vital  substance  and  breathing  heart  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament 
Revelation.  IVe  subjoin  a  brief  of  points  for  the  reader's  investiga- 
tion: Gen.  9:27.  Person  limited  to  the  race  of  Shem.  Later,  to 
Abraham,  Isaac  and  Jacob  as  progenitors  of  the  nation  Israel.  To 
these  definite  covenant  promises  were  given,  affirming  the  world's 
blessing  through  a  descendant  from  them.  Again,  to  the  Tribe  of 
Judah  and  the  family  of  David  is  the  final  limitation.  The  method 
of  Deliverance  typically  but  effectually  intimated  in  Sacrifice — by 
the  Patriarchs  unto  Moses,  and  by  the  Sacrificial  System  from  Moses 
to  Christ.  Herein,  as  the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews  shows,  Christ  is 
disclosed  as  a  Priest,  Himself  offerer  and  victim.  By  Moses,  He  is 
revealed  as  a  Prophet  that  should  come.  By  David,  as  King.  While 
Psalmists  and  Prophets  unite  to  present  Him  in  all  these  relations, 
and  in  His  Mission  and  Office  Work  as  Deliverer,  with  manifold 
definite  details  of  wonderful  fullness  and  impressiveness.  At  length, 
in  the  exact  "  fullness  of  time  "  and  of  preparation  for  His  Coming, 
the  Deliverer  appeared  in  the  Person  of  Jesus  Christ,  the  Virgin- 
Born  Son  of  God,  God  manifest  in  flesh,  and  accomplished  by  His 
blameless  beneficent  life,  and  pre-eminently  by  His  Self-Sacrificial 
Death  the  great  and  long-promised  Deliverance.  XI.  586.  T.  B.  See 
Messianic  References,  p.  29.     Also  XI.  792,  3.  H.  B.  S. 

And  thus,  under  a  Dispensation  of  blended  Judgment  and  Mercy 
the  Race  of  Man  has  passed  in  successive  generations  through  the 
Ages  since  the  Creation  until  now.  All  have  been,  all  are  sinners, 
dead  "  in  Adam,"  all  with  a  Divinely  provided  and  proffered  life  "  in 
Christ."  From  the  first  "  Sethites  "  and  "  Cainites  "  onward,  separ- 
ated by  moral  and  spiritual  charg.cter  and  deeds  into  two  classes, 
known  in  the  Scripture  as  righteous  and  wicked,  pardoned  saints  and 
unforgiven  sinners,  believing  loving  children  of  God,  and  self-out- 
casts from  His  holy  blessed  fellowship.  XL  785.    Haydn. 


152  Sin  of  Man. 


MAN'S  SIN,  as  Disclosed  in  the  Scriptures. 

The  Source  of  Sin  is  a  Self -loving  Heart  and  a  Self- 
serving  Will. 

Its  Essence  consists  in  a  Supreme  Self-estimate  and  Self-regard, 
and  an  exclusive  Self-seeking,  which  utterly  disregards  and  directly 
antagonizes  God's  just  Supremacy  and  Holy  Law.  Hence,  all  Sin  is 
against  God  only,  whatever  wrong  to  man  many  be  included  in  its 
actual  issues.  Its  sole  determining  principle  is  Heart  estrangement 
from,  and  Will  rejection  of  God.  Its  manifestation  appears  in  actual 
transgression  of  His  Law  of  Love,  either  by  willful  disobedience,  or 
by  unbelieving  indifference  and  neglect.  Hence,  all  specific  sins  are 
breaches,  in  act  or  spirit,  of  one  or  more  of  the  Ten  Commandments 
as  interpreted  by  Christ.  Heb.  3:12.  An  evil  heart  of  unbelief  in 
departing  from  the  living  God.  XL  565.  Ps.  5 : 9.  Their  inward  part 
is  very  wickedness.  IV.  66.  Ps.  51:4.  Against  Thee,  Thee  only, 
have  I  sinned.  IV.  367,  8.  Gen.  20:6.  I.  376.  Gen.  39:9.  Do  this 
great  wickedness  and  sin  against  God.  I.  496,  7.  Luke  15:21.  I  have 
sinned  against  heaven  and  in  Thy  sight.  X.  371.  Ps.  10:4.  Job  21: 
14;  22:  17.  Depart  from  Me.  VI.  121.  i  John  3:4.  Sin  is  lawless- 
ness. Note.  In  doing  evil  we  injure  ourselves,  we  wrong  our  fellow- 
men,  but  we  sin  only  against  God,  because  He  alone  is  Lawgiver, 
Ruler  and  Judge.  "  Sin  may  be  regarded  as  an  Act,  as  a  Principle, 
enmity  against  God  and  as  a  State,  moral  unlikeness  to  God.  But  it 
is  transgression  of  the  law  as  a  principle,  since  the  law  demands  love, 
and  as  a  state,  since  the  law  demands  holiness.  It  says,  Thou  shalt 
love  the  Lord,  and,  Be  ye  holy,  for  I  am  holy."  II.  202-214.  See  VII. 
410.  2d  col.    See  Comment,  Top.  An.,  p.  489. 

Genesis  of  Sin  and  Process  of  Sinning. 

Most  clearly  shown  in  the  Fall  of  Adam  and  Eve  from  innocence. 
Gen.  3:6.  I.  176-180.  The  Process  explained  by  James  (i :  14,  15.  XI. 
622,  3).  Each  man  is  tempted  by  his  own  lust,  being  drawn  away 
by  it  and  enticed.  Then  the  lust  (or,  evil  desire)  when  it  hath  con- 
ceived, beareth  sin,  and  the  sin,  when  it  is  full  grown,  bringeth  forth 
death.  Illns.  Achan,  Josh.  7:  20,  21.  Saw,  coveted,  took.  III.  78-82. 
Also  by  universal  experience  since  the  Fall.  See  Comment,  Top.  An., 
p.  490. 


Sin  of  Man.  ic^ 

All  Sin  Referred  to  the  First,  as  Cause  and  Ground, 
through  Heredity. 

Rom.  5 :  12,  19.  Through  one  man  sin  entered  into  the  world. 
Through  one  man's  disobedience  many  were  made  sinners.  XI.  219- 
221.  Eph.  2:3,  5.  By  nature  children  of  wrath.  Dead  through  tres- 
passes. 

[The  great  pervading  thought  of  Paul  concerning  sin  is  that  it 
is  a  willful  perversion,  a  wrong  direction  and  wicked  depravation  of 
life.  Considered  as  a  principle,  he  holds  that  its  roots  lie  deep  in 
human  nature.  He  gives  no  theory  in  regard  to  the  origin  and 
spread  -of.  this  taint  and  depravation  of  human  nature.  That  which 
stands  in  the  foreground  of  his  thought  is  the  fact  of  sin  as  a  matter 
of  universal  human  experience,  and  of  fatal  consequences  to  man- 
kind. Of  this  he  has  a  deep  and  intense  feeling,  a  conviction  which 
powerfully  influences  his  whole  view  of  redemption.  G.  B.  Stevens. 
Paul  certainly  represents  a  corruption  of  human  nature  as  the  con- 
sequence of  the  first  sin,  and  admits  a  supremacy  of  the  sinful  prin- 
ciple in  the  human  race,  but  not  in  such  a  manner  that  the  original 
nature  of  man  as  the  offspring  of  God,  created  in  His  image,  has 
been  thereby  destroyed.     Neandcr.']     See  Top.  An.,  p.  491. 

All  are  Sinners. 

Gen.  6:5.  Every  imagination  of  the  thoughts  of  his.  heart  only 
evil  continually.  L  232.  Ps.  14:3.  None  doing  good,  not  one.  IV. 
no.  Ps.  53:3.  IV.  3B2.  Eccles.  7:20.  Not  a  righteous  man  on 
earth  that  sinneth  not.  VI.  487,  8.  Eccles.  9 :  3.  Heart  full  of  evil. 
VI.  495.  Isa.  6:5.  VIII.  43,  44.  Isa.  64:6.  All  unclean.  VIII.  372. 
Rom.  1:21-32.  XL  202,  3.  Rom.  3:9-18.  XL  208.  i  John  1:8.  If 
we  say  we  have  no  sin,  we  deceive  ourselves  and  the  truth  is  not  in 
us.  XL  683. 

Sin  as  Related  to  Thought,  Feeling  and  Action. 

Unresisted  evil  in  thought  and  feeling  carries  like  guilt  as  evil  in 
deed,  i  John  3:  15.  He  that  hateth  his  brother  is  a  murderer.  XL  693. 
Matt.  6:28.  Prov.  24:9.  The  thought  of  the  foolish  is  sin.  The 
moral  character  of  an  outward  act  is  determined  by  the  inward  spirit 
and  motive  of  the  actor.  'Apart  from  the  actuating  spirit  and  motive, 
no  external  act  has  any  moral  significance.  James  2:10.  Whoso 
shall  keep  the  whole  law  and  yet  stumble  in  one  point,  he  is  become 
guilty  in  all.  XL  628. 


154 


Sin  of  Man. 


Sin  and  Law.  Rom.  3 :  20.  By  the  law  is  the  knowledge  of 
sin.  Rom.  "]:"]•  I  had  not  known  sin,  except  through  the  law.  XI. 
229.  I  John  3:4.  Sin  is  the  transgression  of  the  law  (lawlessness). 
I  Cor.  15:  56.     Strength  of  sin  is  the  law.    Sec  Top.  An.  p.  493. 

Sin,  Variously  Characterized;  Kinds  Specially  Noted. 

Characterized:  Jer.  2:  19.  An  evil  and  bitter  thing.  VIII.  405, 
6.  Jer.  44:4.  Abominable  thing  that  I  hate.  VII.  464.  As  selfishness. 
Jer.  45.  5.  For  thyself.  VII.  410.  Isa.  26:  13.  VIII.  127.  ["Sin  is 
selfishness  plus  defiance  of  God  and  disregard  of  one's  fellow-men."] 
Rom.  7:  13.  Exceeding  sinful.  XI.  230.  As  disease.  Isa.  1:4-6.  VIII. 
20.  Illus.  Leprosy,  its  loathsomeness  intimated  by  ceremonial  de- 
filements and  purifications.  II.  446-456.  Jer.  17:9.  Desperately  sick. 
VIII.  478,  9.  As  madness.  Eccles.  9:3.  VI.  495.  As  bondage  or 
enslavement.  Isa.  49:9.  VIII.  258.  John  8:24,  32,  34,  36.  X.  315,  6. 
Rom.  6;  18,  20-22.  XI.  225,  6.  Rom.  8:2,  21.  XL  233.  i  Pet.  2:  16. 
XL  654.  2  Pet.  2:  19.  XL  675.  See  II.  385.  Sin  as  presented  in  the 
Hebrew   Scriptures. 

Kinds,  or  Particulars  Specially  Noted:  Secret  and  Presnnip- 
tuoiis  Sins.  Ps.  19:  12,  13.  IV.  156,  7.  Illus.  Ezek.  8:  12.  In  the  dark 
chambers.  IX.  50.  Little  Sins.  Song  2:15.  VI.  552.  A  great  basal 
sin.  Jer.  5:21.  Have  eyes  and  see  not,  ears  and  hear  not.  VIII.  424. 
Herein  is  included  the  failure  to  use  or  the  misdirection  and  inver- 
sion of  use,  of  all  our  powers  for  the  purposes  assigned  and  ends 
designed  in  the  gift  of  those  powers;  thus  subjugating  the  soul  itself 
to  self-indulging  passion  in  the  stead  of  self-denying  principle.  James 
4:  17.  To  him  that  knoweth  to  do  good  and  doetJi  it  not,  it  is  sin.  XL 
638,  9.  Sins  of  Omission.  VII.  134.  last  notes.  Prov.  24:  11,  12. 
VI.  396,  ^.  Judg.  5:23.  III.  192.  I  John  5:  17.  All  unrighteousness 
is  sin.  Illus.  Sins  charged  upon  Israel.  Hosea  4:1,  2.  No  truth, 
nor  mercy,  nor  knowledge  of  God  in  the  land ;  nought  but  swearing 
and  breaking  of  faith,  killing,  stealing,  and  committing  adultery;  and 
blood  toucheth  blood.  IX.  345,  6.  Hosea  10:  12,  13.  Plowed  wicked- 
ness, reaped  iniquity,  for  thou  didst  trust  in  thy  way.  IX.  365-368. 
Sin  against  the  Holy  Ghost.  Mark  3 :  29.  Whosoever  shall  blaspheme 
against  the  Holy  Spirit  is  guilty  of  an  eternal  sin,  hath  never  forgive- 
ness. X.  187,  8.  Jer.  6:14,  15.  VIII.  426,  7.  Jer.  15:1.  VIII.  466. 
Ezek.  14:14.  Two  evils.  Jer.  2:13.  Forsaken  Me.  the  fountain  of 
living  waters,  and  hewed  out  broken  cisterns.  IX.  404,  5.  See  IX. 
366,  7.  "  Self-Love  and  Selfishness."     The  signal  and  most  heinous 


Effects  of  Sin. 


155 


sin:  Unbelief  in  Christ.  John  3:18.  He  that  believeth  not  is  con- 
demned already,  because  he  hath  not  believed  on  the  name  of  the 
only  begotten  Son  of  God.  John  16:9.  Of  sin,  because  they  believe 
not  on  Me.     Heb.   10:29. 

Effects  of  Sin:  Upon  the  Transgressor;  As  Bearing 
upon  the  Honor  of  God,  and  the  Well-being  of  His  Moral 
Kingdom. 

•I.  Upon  the  Sinning  Soul. 

Results  to  Personal  Experience. 

The  soul  zvronged.  Prov.  8:36.  VI.  290.  Illits.  i  Kings  21:20. 
Sold  thyself.  VII.  140,  142.  God's  face  hidden.  Isa.  59:2.  VIII.  338. 
Good  withholden  and  zvoe  threatened.  Jer.  5:25.  Isa.  5:  18.  Loss  of 
self-respect,  of  heart  quiet,  of  sustaining  hope.  Jer.  3 :  25.  In  shame 
and  confusion,  for  we  have  sinned.  VIII.  416.  Rom.  6:21.  Pleasure 
zvon  by  sin  brings  loathing  and  disquiet.  VII.  140.  Prov.  13:  15.  Way 
of  transgressor  is  hard.  VI.  315.  Prov.  11:7.  Hope  of  unjust  per- 
isheth.  VI.  302.  Eph.  2:12.  Having  no  hope.  Isa.  48:22;  57:21. 
No  peace.  VIII.  254,  326.  Grozving  fear  of  conscience,  with  sense 
of  a  Nemesis,  or  pursuit  of  sin.  Jer.  16:  16-21.  VIII.  473.  Prov.  14: 
23.  Evil  pursueth  sinners.  VI.  316.  Illus.  2  Sam.  12:  10,  11.  III.  417. 
I  Kings  21 :  21-25.  VII.  140.  Heart-hardening.  Isa.  48:4.  VIII.  248. 
Eph.  4:  19.  Past  feeting.  XI.  431.  ["  When  sensitiveness  to  sin  goes, 
God's  mercy  goes  also."] 

Action  of  Sin  upon  the  Soul. 

That  sin  is  self-revealing  is  the  testimony  of  experience,  of  his- 
tory and  of  Scripture.  Num.  32 :  23.  Be  sure  your  sin  will  find  you 
out.  II.  617.  •  Sin  is  Self-Recording  and  Self-Punishing  here.  It 
produces  Self-mutilation,  Self-impoverishing  and  Self-Debasement,  of 
Body,  Mind  and  Heart.  The  manifold  scriptural  details  of  wicked- 
ness abundantly  prove  these  points.  James  3:15  intimates  the  nat- 
ural course  of  sin,  as  earthly  (given  up  to  worldliness),  sensual  (pro- 
ceeding to  extreme  self-indulgence),  devilish  (becoming  diabolical). 
The  Growth,  Power  and  Mastery  of  Sin  increases  with  unresisted 
indulgence.  Prov.  5 :  22.  His  own  iniquities  shall  take  the  wicked, 
and  he  shall  be  holden  with  the  cords  of  his  sin.  VI.  274,  5.  VI.  146, 
last  note.  VII.  149,  last  note.  Isa.  48 : 4,  5.  VIII.  248.  Prov.  13 :  6,. 
21.  Wickedness  overthroweth  the  sinner.  VI.  313,   16.  Habit  of  sin- 


156  Effects  of  Sin. 

ning:  Produces  shamelessness.  Jer.  6:  15.  They  were  not  ashamed, 
nor  could  they  blush.  VHI.  426.  Makes  almost  impossible  to  turn 
to  good  and  to  God.  Jcr.  13:23.  VIII.  459-461.  Hosea  5:4.  Their 
doings  will  not  suffer  them  to  turn  unto  their  God.  IX.  350.  Hardens 
the  heart.  Heb.  3:13.  Heart  hardened  by  the  deceitfulness  of  sin. 
Leads  to  deeper  guilt.  Eccles.  8:11.  Because  sentence  is  not  exe- 
cuted speedily  the  heart  is  set  to  do  evil.  VI.  492,  3.  Stages  of 
growth  in  evil  doing  indicated.  Ps.  1:1.  IV.  42.  Isa.  3:11.  Woe  to 
the  wicked;  it  shall  be  ill  with  him.  VIII.  30.  Eccles.  9:  18.  One 
sinner  destroyeth  much  good.  VI.  502.  Illus.  Ahar.  VII.  331.  Man- 
asseh.  VII.  374-378. 

The  Sinner's  Standing  before  the  Law.  Under  its  Con- 
demnation and  Exposed  to  its  Penalty. 

Ps.  143 : 2.  In  Thy  sight  no  man  living  is  justified.  V.  462. 
Rom.  3 :  20.  By  the  works  of  the  law  no  flesh  shall  be  justified  in 
His  sight.  XI.  209. 

Final  Issue  in  Death. 

Prov.  1:24-31.  VI.  239-241.  Prov.  29:1.  VI.  417.  Prov.  11: 
19.  He  that  pursueth  evil  doeth  it  to  his  own  death.  VI.  303.  Prov. 
14:32.  VT.  327.  Prov.  29:1.  VI.  417.  Ezek.  18:4.  Soul  that  sin- 
neth  it  shall  die.  IX.  82.  Rom.  6:23.  Wages  of  sin  is  death.  XI. 
226.  Heb.  10 :  26,  2y.  XI.  594.  i  Tim.  5 :  24.  XI.  522,  3.  Rom.  5 : 
12,  21.  Death  by  sin.  Sin  reigned  unto  death.  2  Cor.  15:56.  The 
sting  of  death  is  sin.  XI.  341.  James  i :  15.  Sin,  when  it  is  full 
grown,  bringeth  forth  death.  XI.  623.     Hos.  4:  17.  IX.  348,  362. 

Other  References  to  this  theme:  Ps.  11 :  6.  IV.  98.  Ps.  52:  5.  IV. 
377.  Prov.  1:24-31.  VI.  239-241.  Prov.  11:5,  19.  VI.  303.  Prov. 
18:  14.  VI.  353.  Prov.  29:  I.  VI.  417.  Eccl.  12:  14.  VI.  528-530.  Isa. 
66:24.  VIII.  387.  Jer.  6:29,  30.  VIII.  430.  Ezek.  18:4,  20.  IX.  81- 
84.  Hos.  4:17,  18.  IX.  348,  362.  Hos.  13:3.  IX.  375.  Joel  2:11. 
IX.  395.  Nahum  1:3-6.  IX.  495.  Matt.  25:46.  X.  463.  John  3: 
36.  X.  94.  Rom.  2:8.  2  Thes.  i :  7-9.  XI.  498.  Jude  10,  13.  XI.  709. 
Rev.  6:  16,  17.  XI.  745.     Rev.  20:  11-18.  XL  770-773. 

[The  doctrine  of  eternal  punishment  must  be  separated  from  the 
notion  of  a  Divine  vindictiveness.  God  has  no  pleasure  in  any  man's 
death.  He  wills  that  every  man  be  saved.  God  loves  all;  Christ 
died  for  all ;  truth  and  the  Holy  Spirit  are  for  all.  There  is  plenary 
ability  and  gracious  opportunity  for  all.  There  is  a  book  of  life; 
but,  it  has  well  been  added,  there  is  no  book  of  death.     When  a  soul 


Punishment  of  Sin.  157 

is  saved,  all  heaven  is  glad  and  God  records  the  name ;  but  when  a 
soul  is  lost,  God  has  no  heart  to  write  the  name  in  a  book  kept  for 
that  purpose.  We  do  read  of  names  which  are  blotted  out  of  the 
book  of  life,  a  thing  which  implies  record ;  but  we  read  of  no  erasure 
in  the  book  of  death,  because  there  is  no  such  book.  God  has  but 
one  book,  the  book  of  life.  In  that  book  every  name  is  written  in 
lines  of  blood,  and  when  any  name  is  blotted  out,  it  is  because  the 
grace  that  saves  has  been  willfully  and  wickedly  rejected.  God  wants 
no  victim  of  His  wrath.     God  is  not  vindictive. 

The  doctrine  of  eternal  punishment  must  be  separated  from  the 
notion  of  external  infliction.  When  the  Scriptures  speak  of  a  prison 
of  outer  darkness  and  a  bottomless  pit,  we  are  not  to  materialize 
these  phrases  as  if  they  were  definite  places  fitted  up  with  all  the 
means  of  inflicting  penalties.  The  soul  holds  all  these.  Heaven 
and  hell,  the  glory  and  the  shame,  are  in  us.  The  soul  is  its  own  and 
its  only  chamber  of  torture. 

God  saves  all  whom  He  can  save  from  sin,  and  redeems  to  holi- 
ness only  such  as  hunger  and  thirst  after  righteousness.  He  can 
save  only  those  who  want  to  be  saved.  The  eternal  ruin  of  a  soul, 
therefore,  is  something  for  which  He  is  in  no  way  responsible,  ex- 
cept so  far  as  He  is  responsible  for  making  us  free  and  responsible 
agents ;  or.  to  quote  from  Dean  Alford,  "  All  man's  salvation  is  of 
God,  and  all  his  condemnation  from  himself."  God  leaves  nothing 
undone"  that  can  be  done  to  save  every  man,  and  only  deliberate  and 
persistent  wickedness  can  doom  a  soul  to  eternal  death. 

There  is  but  on£  witness  whose  words  I  cannot  deal  with  as  rhe- 
torical and  exaggerated.  This  is  the  testimony  of  Jesus  Christ,  which 
checks  and  curbs  my  speculation,  and  He  checks  me  because  His  love 
is  so  intense.  My  love  for  men  cannot  be  compared  to  His;  my 
dread  of  their  possible  ruin  is  as  a  point  in  an  indefinite  line,  as  a 
single  drop  in  all  the  seas,  when  measured  against  His;  and  it  is  the 
authority  of  infinite  and  self-sacrificing  love  which  makes  His  word 
final  to  me ;  -and  He  tells  me  that  there  is  an  outer  darkness  from 
which  the  soul  never  returns,  a  second  death  from  which  there  is 
no  resurrection.  The  utmost  that  God  and  Christ  can  do  is  done  to 
prevent  it.    Bchrends. 

Isaiah  says,  3:  11,  "  Woe  unto  the  wicked!  for  the  reward  of  his 
hands  shall  be  given  him."  This  is  the  great  and  fundamental  prin- 
ciple of  certain  retribution  for  sin,  a  principle  we  cannot  hold  tocf 
clearly  or  too  strongly.  Whatever  tends  to  tamper  with  this  prin-. 
ciple,  or  to  weaken  its  hold  upon  the  conscience,  is  alien  to  the  true 
Christian  view.     By  unalterable  laws  impressed  upon  the  nature  of 


158  Effects  of  Sin. 

man  and  on  the  universe,  righteousness  is  life,  and  sin  is  inevitable 
misery  and  death.  Omnipotence  itself  could  not  reverse  this  law, 
<^hat  so  long  as  a  sinner  continues  in  his  sin  he  must  suffer.  On  the 
other  hand,  where  this  principle  is  firmly  grasped,  there  ought  to  be 
much  room  for  difference  of  views  on  points  which,  from  the  nature 
of  the  case,  are  obscure  and  tentative.  In  regard  to  those  things  on 
which  the  Scripture  gives  no  light  and  is  silent,  our  wisdom  is  to 
imitate  its  caution,  and  refrain  from  dogmatism.  In  respect  of  so 
appalling  a  subject  as  the  future  fate  of  the  lost,  there  is  room  for  a 
wise  Agnosticism.  I  prefer  to  say  that,  so  far  as  my  light  goes,  I 
see  no  end,  and  there  to  stop.  Concerning  the  untold  millions  who 
have  never  heard  of  Christ  at  all,  and  the  multitudes  within  the 
limits  of  Christendom,  who  give  no  evidence  of  true  regeneration, 
vast  numbers  of  whom  are  living  worldly  and  godless  lives,  we  feel 
instinctively  that  the  last  word  has  not  been — cannot  be — spoken  by 
us  here.  It  may  be  said,  and  with  much  truth,  that  for  those  who 
have  the  light,  there  is  no  excuse.  Salvation  has  been  put  within 
their  reach,  and  they  have  deliberately  rejected  it.  But  even  here  are 
there  not  elements  we  dare  not  overlook  ?  Men  are  responsible  for 
the  use  they  make  of  light,  but  how  much  here  also  is  not  due  to  the 
individual  will,  which  is  crossed  by  influences  from  heredity,  from 
environment,  from  up-bringing,  from  pressure  of  events !  God  alone 
can  disentangle  the  threads  of  freedom  in  the  web  of  character  and 
action,  and  say  how  much  is  a  man's  individual  responsibility  in  the 
result,  as  distinguished  from  his  share  in  the  common  guilt  of  the 
race.  It  is  certain,  from  Christ's  own  statement,  that,  in  the  judg- 
ment of  omniscience,  all  these  things  are  taken  into  account,  and 
that  even  in  the  administration  of  punishment  there  are  gradations 
of  penalty  (Luke  12:47,  4^)  proportionate  to  men's  knowledge  and 
opportunities ;  that,  as  Paul  says,  there  is  a  distinction  made  between 
those  who  have  "  sinned  without  law,"  and  those  who  have  "  sinned 
under  law."    /.  Orr.] 

For  a  judicious  treatment  of  the  so-called  "  Future  Probation," 
see  Christian  View  of  God  and  the  World,  by  Professor  James  Orr, 
of  Edinburgh,  an  admirable  work  throughout. 

2.  Sin  Dishonors  God,  by  Hatred,  Rejection  and  Defiance. 

Mai.  1:6.  Where  is  Mine  honor?  IX.  627.  Prov.  8:36.  That  hate 
Me  love  death.  VI.  290.  Isa.  59:  13.  Denying  the  Lord  and  turning 
away  from  God.  VIII.  340,  i.  Job  21:  14.  Say  to  God,  Depart  from 
us.  VI.  121.  John  8:49.  John  15:23.  Rom.  1:3.  Rom.  2:23. 
Heb.  3:  12.  XL  564.  XL  710.     L.  B. 


God's  Mercy  to  the  Sinner.  159 

3.  Sin  a  public  wrong  and  hurt  to  Moral  Society,  an  En- 
ergy of  Destruction  to  the  Moral  Order  of  the  Universe.  Un- 
checked, it  would  bring  anarchy  into  God's  Law-ordered  Moral  Em- 
pire. Of  this  we  have  manifold  and  convincing  suggestions  in  the 
entire  history  of  families,  communities  and  nations  on  the  earth.  The 
conclusive  and  awful  proof  is  found  in  the  veiled  story  of  Satan  and 
his  hosts. 

God's  Merciful  Relation  to  the  Sinner  and  Gracious 
Dealing's  in  his  Behalf. 

He  makes  direct  Appeal  to  the  Conscience  and  the  Heart. 

He  makes  "  every  man  to  know  the  plague  of  his  own  heart."  i  Kings 
8 :  38.  By  "  the  law  "  He  reveals  "  the  knowledge  of  sin."  Rom.  3  : 
20.  By  His  Spirit  He  convinces  the  conscience  and  the  heart  of  the 
fact  of  sin,  emphatically  of  the  sin  of  unbelief  and  rejection  of  Him. 
John  16:8,  9.  This  knowledge  and  conviction  of  sin  is  the  work 
of  God  by  the  Holy  Spirit.  This  precedes  and  lays  the  basis  for  the 
disclosure  of  Christ's  redemptive  work,  and  for  the  sinner's  response 
of  repentance  and  faith. 

He  unfolds,  throughout  both  Testaments  as  their  central 
and  vital  theme,  His  own  provision  in  the  suffering  and  offer- 
ing of  Christ  for  the  pardon  of  the  sinner,  for  His  cleansing 
from  the  guilt  and  deliverance  from  the  power  of  sin,  and  for 
His  restoration  to  childship  and  fellowship  with  Himself. 
This  unfolded  Gospel,  whose  gracious  message  permeates  and  gives 
value  and  preciousness  to  the  whole  Revelation  from  God,  we  find 
condensed  in  many  "faithful  sayings":  John  3:  16.  God  so  loved  the 
world  that  He  gave  His  only  begotten  Son,  that  whosoever  believeth 
on  Him  should  have  eternal  life.  Isa.  53 :  3,  10,  12.  He  bore  the  sin 
of  many.  VIII.  276-293.  Zech.  13:1.  Fountain  opened  for  sin  and 
uncleanness.  IX.  605.  i  Cor.  15:4.  Christ  died  for  our  sins  occord- 
ing  to  the  Scriptures.  XI.  331.  2  Cor.  5:21.  Made  Him  to  be  sin 
for  us,  that  we  might  be  the  righteousness  of  God  in  Him.  Gal.  i  :  4. 
Gave  Himself  for  our  sins.  Col.  i  :  14.  In  whom  we  have  our  redemp- 
tion, the  forgiveness  of  our  sins.  Titus  2:14.  That  He  might  re- 
deem us  from  all  iniquity.  Heb.  1:3.  He  by  Himself  purged  our 
sins.  Heb.  9:26,  28.  Hath  He  been  manifested  to  put  away  sin  by 
the  sacrifice  of  Himself.  Christ  having  been  once  offered  to  bear 
the  sins  of  many  shall  appear  the  second  time  to  them  that  wait  for 
Him,  unto  salvation.  XI.  588.     Heb.  10:  10,  14.  We  have  been  sane- 


i6o  God's  Mercy  to  the  Sinner. 

lified  through  the  offering  of  the  body  of  Jesus  Christ  once  for  all. 
For  by  one  offering  He  hath  perfected  forever  them  that  are  sancti- 
fied. I  Pet.  2 :  24.  Who  His  own  self  bare  our  sins  in  His  body  upon 
the  tree,  that  we,  having  died  unto  sins,  might  live  unto  righteous- 
ness. I  Pet.  3:18.  Christ  suffered  for  sins  once,  the  righteous  for 
the  unrighteous,  that  He  might  bring  us  unto  God.  i  John  i :  7.  The 
blood  of  Jesus  Christ  cleanseth  us  from  all  sin.  XI.  683.  i  Tim.  i  : 
15.  Faithful  is  the  saying  and  worthy  of  all  acceptation,  that  Christ 
Jesus  came  into  the  world  to  save  sinners.     Jer.  8:22.  VHI.  438. 

God  Commands,  Invites  and  Entreats  the   Sinner, 
knowing  and  trusting  in  Christ  as  the  Saviour  from  Sin, 
to  acknowledge  and  penitently  confess,  and  to  turn  froi: 
and  forsake  his  sin. 

This  is  the  burden  of  His  message  to  men  by  Moses  and  the 
Prophets,  by  Christ  and  His  Apostles.  Josh.  7:  19.  Give  glory  to  the 
Lord,  and  make  confession  unto  Him.  HI.  78.  Jer.  13:  16.  VIII.  457. 
Ezek.  18:30.  Repent  and  turn  yourselves  from  your  transgressions. 
IX.  86.  Luke  13:3.  Except  ye  repent,  ye  shall  perish.  Acts  17:20. 
God  commandeth  all  men  to  repent.  2  Cor.  7:10.  Godly  sorrow 
worketh  repentance.  XI.  370-372. 

He  pledges  forgiveness  and  remission  of  Sins  to  every 
penitent  soul  who  rests  upon  Christ's  atoning  Sacrifice. 

This  theme,  too,  finds  expression  everywhere  in  the  utterances 
of  God  to  men,  and  the  happy  results  of  true  confession  are  recorded 
in  many  personal  experiences.  Isa.  43:25.  I,  even  I,  am  He  that 
blotteth  out  my  transgressions  for  Mine  own  sake,  and  will  not  re- 
member thy  sins.  Also  Isa.  44:22.  I  have  blotted  out  as  a  thick 
cloud  thy  transgressions,  for  I  have  redeemed  thee.  VIII.  227,  232. 
Ps.  103:3.  Who  forgiveth  all  thy  sins.  V.  180,  181.  Ps.  130:4.  There 
is  forgiveness  with  Thee,  that  Thou  mayest  be  feared.  V.  400-402. 
I  John  1:9.  If  we  confess  our  sins,  He  is  faithful  and  just  to  for- 
give, and  to  cleanse  from  all  unrighteousness.  XL  683,  684.  Isa.  i  : 
l8.  Though  your  sins  be  as  scarlet,  they  shall  be  white  as  wool.  VIII. 
22-24.  Micah  7:  19.  Cast  all  their  sins  into  the  depths  of  the  sea. 
IX.  491.  Prov.  28:  13.  He  that  confesseth  and  forsaketh  his  sins 
shall   have  mercy.  VI.  413.     Luke  9:2.  Thy   sins  be   forgiven   thee. 

J  lilts.  Sin  confessed  and  forgiven:  Ps.  32:  i,  5.  IV.  237-242.  Ps. 
38:3-8.  I\'.  286.     P^.  41:4.  IV.  307.     Ps.  51:  1-17.  IV.  363-376.  III. 


God's  Mercy  to  the  Sinner.  i6i 

416-419.  Mercy  signally  exercised  toward  Manassah.  VII.  376-379. 
Even  external  manifestation  of  penitence  finds  some  return  from 
God's  mercy. 

Other  Ample,  Varied  and  Exceedingly  Precious  Pas- 
sages 

Show  how  considerate  He  is  of  the  weaknesses  and  tempta- 
tions of  the  returning  penitent,  and  how  tenderly  He  helps  the  trust- 
ing spirit  in  his  desire  and  purpose  of  uttc/  deliverance  from  the 
dominion  and  effects  of  sin.  Ps.  103 :  13,  14.  Like  as  a  father  piticth 
his  children,  so  the  Lord  pitieth  them  that  fear  Him.  For  He  know- 
eth  our  frame;  He  remcmbcreth  that  we  are  dust.  V.  184.  James 
5:  II.  The  Lord  is  full  of  pity,  and  merciful.  James  1:5.  He  giveth 
to  all  liberally,  and  upbraidcth  not.  XL  620.  i  Cor.  10:13.  God  is 
faithful,  who  will  not  suffer  you  to  be  tempted  above  that  ye  are 
able;  but  ivill  ivith  the  temptation  make  also  the  zvay  of  escape,  that 
ye  may  be  able  lo  endure  it.  XL  310.  Luke  22:31.  Satan  hath  de- 
sired to  have  you,  that  he  might  sift  you  as  wheat;  but  /  have  prayed 
for  thee,  that  thy  failh  fail  not.  Matt.  26:41.  Watch  and  pray  that 
ye  enter  not  into  temptation;  the  spirit  indeed  is  zvilling,  but  the 
flesh  is  zueak.  (This  said  Jesus  to  disciples  who  slept  while  He  was 
in  anguish,  even  in  such  a  crisis 'of  suffering  considerate  of  and  ex- 
cusing their  lack  of  loving  sympathy.)   X.  513. 

Add  to  these  explicit  utterances  the  many  references -to  God  as 
full  of  compassion,  long-suffering  and  tender  mercy:  Ps.  86:  15.  Ps. 
111:4.  Ps.  112:4.  Ps.  145:8.  Lam.  3:22.  Micah  7:19.  Luke 
15 :  20.  His  father  had  compassion  on  him,  and  ran  and  fell  on  his 
neck,  and  kissed  him.     Ex.  34:  16.     Ps.  86:  15.     2  Pet.  3:9,  15. 

The  Realization  of  the  Evil  of  Sin  Increasing  with  the  Be- 
liever's Progress  in  Sanctification. 

Illustrated  by  Paul's  self-estimate  expressed  in  the  order  of  time. 
I  Cor.  15.  I  am  the  least  of  the  apostles,  that  am  not  meet  to  be 
called  an  apostle.  Eph.  3:8.  Unto  me,  who  am  less  than  the  least 
of  all  saints,     i  Tim.  'i  :  15.  Of  sinners  I  am  chief. 

Pardon  does  not  affect  the  natural  results  or  consequences  of  sin. 
The  habit  formexl  asserts  its  power.     Job  4 :  8.  VL  36,  7. 

For  other  instructive  comment  upon  this  theme,  see  Top.  An.,, 
pp.  496-500. 


1 62  Man's  Greatness  and  Responsibility. 


SUGGESTIVE   TRUTHS   BEARING   UPON    MAN'S 

LIFE. 

Man's  Dignity,  Greatness  and  Worth.    Prov. 20:27.  vi. 

367,  8.  IX.  226.  This  is  to  be  measured  as  it  is  abundantly  and  con- 
vincingly shown:  i.  By  the  mere  fact  of  his  Divine  creation.  2.  By 
his  native  capacities  of  thought,  affection  and  self-action,  in  which 
he  is  made  in  the  image  of  God.  XI.  739,  last  note.  H.  P.  L.  3.  By 
his  deputed  sovereignty  over  the  earth  and  the  animal  races,  and 
by  the  effective  results  wrought  through  the  generations,  and  by  his 
immense  progress  and  advance  in  knowledge  and  literary  production, 
in  the  Sciences  and  Arts.  4.  By  his  disobedience  to  God  and  rejec- 
tion of  His  Law  and  Authority,  indicating  a  force  of  will  that  as- 
similates him  to  God.  5.  Pre-eminently,  by  the  Divine  Intervention 
for  his  Redemption,  and  this  in  its  every  particular:  in  the  Incarna- 
tion, Life,  Suffering,  Death  and  Resurrection  of  Christ;  in  the  Re- 
generation and  Sanctification  of  the  Holy  Spirit;  and  in  the  Union 
of  Christ  with  the  believer.  6.  By  his  Resurrection  unto  Immortal 
Life  and  Admission  to  an  abiding  Divine  Fellowship.  See  Job  33: 
4.  VL  172.     Ps.  8:5-8.  IV.  77,  81-83. 

Man's  Earthly  Life  a  Sphere  of  Obligation,  Influence 
and  Responsibility. 

Man  knows  himself  a  dependent  creature,  and  therefore  under 
obligation  to  his  upholding  Creator.  He  knows  that  his  life  means 
more  than  his  own  personal  enjoyment  or  gain,  that  he  acts  upon 
other  lives  for  good  or  ill.  And  he  knows  that  he  is  accoimtable  for 
the  result  of  his  influence  and  action.  He  knows  himself  personally 
responsible  to  a  Creator  and  Upholder  who  has  rightful  authority  to 
order  and  control  his  life,  and  to  hold  him  to  account  for  its  use  or 
waste  in  the  doing  of  good  or  evil.  Luke  12:23.  The  life  is  more 
than  meat.  X.  198.  Luke  12:  15.  A  man's  life  consisteth  not  in  the 
abundance  of  the  things  which  he  possesseth.  X.  196.  John  6:27. 
Labor  not  for  the  meat  which  perisheth,  but  for  the  meat  which 
abideth  unto  eternal  life.  Rom.  14:  10,  12.  We  shall  all  stand  before 
the  judgment-seat  of  God.  Each  one  of  us  shall  give  account  of 
himself  to  God.  XL  268.  i  Pet.  4:5.  Shall  give  account  to  Him 
that  is  ready  to  judge  the  quick  and  dead.  Matt.  12:36.  Every  idle 
word  .  .  .  shall  give  account  in  the  day  of  judgment.  Heb.  13: 
17.     As  they  that  shall   give  account.     Eccles.   3:  15.  God   requireth 


Man's  Life  a  Plan  of  God.  163 

(seeketh  again)  the  past.  VI.  462.  Eccles.  11:9.  VI.  511.  Eccles. 
12:  14.  VI.  528.  Matt.  25.  15.  To  every  man  according  to  his  abiHty. 
Prov.  9:  12.  Wise  for  thyself,  if  thou  scornest  thou  alone  shalt  bear 
it.  VI.  293.  Job  34:  II.  The  work  of  a  man  shall  He  render  to  him, 
and  cause  every  man  to  find  according  to  his  way.  VI.  179.  Ps.  62: 
12.  Rom.  2:  5.  Who  will  render  to  every  man  according  to  his  deeds. 
2  Cor.  5:10.  We  must  be  made  manifest  before  the  judgment-seat 
of  Christ,  that  every  one  may  receive  according  to  that  he  hath  done. 
XI.  362.  [There  is  a  mingled  blessedness  and  awfulness  in  our  life. 
To  live  here  at  all  as  a  human  being,  to  possess  or  rather  to  be  the 
center  of  self-reflecting  thought  and  of  self-determining  will,  a  center 
of  life  w'hich  under  some  conditions  will  be  perpetuated  indefinitely — 
this,  when  we  think  of  it  steadily  and  in  good  earnest,  is,  next  to  the 
spiritual  sight  of  God  Himself,  the  most  solemn,  the  most  chastening, 
the  most  stimulating  consideration  that  can  open  upon  us.  Let  us 
make  much  of  it,  in  the  interests  both  of  the  present  and  the  future, 
for  the  sake  of  God  and  truth  and  humanity,  as  well  as  of  our  own 
lasting  happiness.     H.  P.  Liddon.~\ 

Man's  Earthly  Life  a  Period  of  Alternations  in  Experience. 

Toil  and  rest,  disquiet  and  peace,  disappointment  and  success,  gain 
and  loss,  gladness  and  sadness,  with  their  lights  and  shades,  days  of 
joy  and  nights  of  anguish,  indicate  the  mixed  character  of  all  human 
experiences  in  actual  living.  And  each  has  its  needed  mission  and 
ministry  of  discipline  and  training  for  the  perfecting  of  character  and 
condition  here  and  hereafter.  The  Preacher  dwells  suggestively  upon 
these  particulars,  Eccles.  3:  1-15.  VI.  453-462.  See  also  Zech.  14:6, 
7.  IX.  614. 

Man's  Life  a  Plan  of  God,  and  his  Way  Ordered  by  God. 

Eccl.  3:1-8.  VI.  453,  4.  Jer.  1:4,  5.  Before  I  formed  thee  I 
sanctified  thee.  VIII.  398.  Gal.  i :  15,  16.  XI.  393.  Prov.  16:  3,  9.  A 
man's  heart  deviseth  his  way,  but  the  Lord  directeth  his  steps.  VI. 
337'  339-  Prov.  19:21.  Many  devices  in  a  man's  heart,  but  the 
counsel  of  the  Lord  shall  stand.  VI.  361.  Prov.  20:24.  A  man's 
goings  are  of  the  Lord.  VI.  367.  Job  31:4.  VI.  162.  Ps.  37:23. 
The  steps  of  a  good  man  are  ordered  by  the  Lord.  IV.  280,  284.  Ps. 
139:  1-5.  V.  442.-  Jer.  10:23.  The  way  of  man  is  not  in  himself;  it 
is  not  in  man  that  walkcth  to  direct  his  steps.  VIII.  446.  i  Cor.  7: 
17,  24.  As  the  Lord  hath  distributed  to  each  man,  as  God  has  called 
each,  so  let  him  walk.  Ezek.  18:4.  All  souls  are  Mine.  IX.  82. 
God's  plans  and  man's.  VII.  426,  7.     Phelps. 


164  God  and  Man  Face  to  Face. 

Man  Ever  Face  to  Face  with  God.  His  Inner  Life  Alone 
with  God.  I  Kings  17:1.  As  the  Lord  liveth,  before  whom  I 
stand.  VII.  96.  Ps.  16:  8.  I  have  set  the  Lord  always  before  nie.  He 
is  at  my  right  hand.  IV.  120.  Ps.  27:8.  IV.  208.  Ps.  54:3.  They 
have  not  set  God  before  them.  IV.  385.  Ps.  90:  i.  The  Lord  .  .  . 
our  dwelling-place.  V.  106.  Deut.  33:27.  The  eternal  God  is  thy 
dwelling-place.  II.  736.  Job  42:5.  Now  mine  eye  seeth  Thee.  VI. 
220.     Gen.  16:  13.  Thou,  God,  seest  me. 

Prov.  9:  12.  Thou  alone.  VI.  294.  Prov.  14:  10.  VI.  321.  Prov. 
15:  3.  VI.  331.  I  Cor.  2:11.  Who  among  men  knoweth  the  things  of 
a  man  save  the  spirit  of  the  man  that  is  in  him.  XI.  286.     Acts  10:  4. 

God  ever  Face  to  Face  with  Man,  beholding,  search- 
ing, testing  and  judging  his  heart  and  his  actions.   Prov. 

15:3.  The  eyes  of  the  Lord  are  in  every  place,  keeping  watch  upon 
the  evil  and  the  good.  VI.  331.  Prov.  16:2.  The  Lord  weigheth  the 
spirits.  VI.  337.  VI.  221,  last  note.  VII.  215,  6.  i  Sam.  2 :  3.  A  God 
of  knowledge,  by  Him  actions  are  weighed.  Prov.  17:3.  Trieth  the 
hearts.  Ps.  139:  1-4.  V.  442,  443.  Ps.  94:9-11.  The  Lord  knoweth 
the  thoughts  of  man.  V.  135,  136.  Matt.  12:25.  Jesus  knew  their 
thoughts.  Heb.  4:  13.  All  things  are  naked  and  laid  open  before 
the  eyes  of  Him  with  whom  we  have  to  do.  XI.  568.  God's  behold- 
ing and  testing  is  in  order  to  help  and  to  bless,  to  lead  men  to  con- 
sider His  character.  His  ways  and  His  will,  to  compare  themselves 
and  their  ways  with  His,  and  to  win  them  to  obedience  to  His  will 
and  to  conformity  with  His  Ways,  that  they  may  walk  with  Him  in 
"  paths  of  pleasantness  and  peace." 


As  naturally  linked  with  the  two  preceding  points  we  subjoin 
the  Scripture  treatment  of  the 

HEART    OF    MAN. 

In  restricted  sense.  Seat  of  Desires,  Affections,  Emotions,  Pas- 
sions. In  Hebrew  usage.  Seat  of  Intellect  (Mind,  Understanding). 
In  both  Testaments  largely  used  to  include  the  entire  inner  man. 
Reason.  Will,  Conscience  or  Moral  Judgment,  and  Affection.  Illits. 
Matt.  8:15.  Understands  with  heart.  Mark  2:8.  Reasons.  Rom. 
10:  10.  Believes.  Ps.  19:14;  49:3.  Meditates,  i  Cor.  7:37.  2  Cor. 
9:7.  Wills,  i.e.,  Decrees,  Purposes,  i  John  3:20.  Condemns.  Matt. 
12:34.     Speaks.     Shown  also  Mark  7:21. 


Heart  of  Man.  165 

The  Heeirt  by  Nature,  Characterized: 

Froward.  Prov.  6:14.  Perverse.  Prov.  12:8.  Proud.  Prov.  16: 
5;  28:25.  Double.  Ps.  12:2.  I  Chron.  12:13,  33-  Deceitful.  Jer. 
17:9.  VIII.  478,  9.  Heb.  3:  12.  Evil  heart  of  unbelief.  XL  564.  Jer. 
16:12.     Wicked.  Prov.  26:23.     Stony.  Ezek.   11:19. 

Elements  of  evil  in  the  natural  heart.  Mark  7:  14-23.  Out 
of  the  heart  evil  thoughts,  murders,  adulteries,  covetings,  deceit, 
pride,  etc.  X.  258.  Jas.  4:14.  XL  418.  Atheism.  Ps.  14:1;  53:1. 
IV.  106-109,  381-  Gal.  5:  19.  20.  Illus.  Envious  Jealousy.  III.  310, 
338.  Covetousness.  VII.  195-199.  Dark  chamber  in  every  heart. 
Ezek.  8:  12.  IX.  50.  Self-hardening.  Isa.  47:4.  VIII.  248.  Ps.  95: 
8.  Harden  not  your  heart.  V.  143. 

The  Changed  Heart:  New.  Ezek.  18:31.  Broken  and  Con- 
trite. Ps.  34:18;  51:17.  Clean.  Ps.  51:10.  Pure.  Prov.  22:11. 
Ezek.  11:19.  I  Pet.  1:22.  Upright.  Ps.  32:11.  Perfect,  i  Chron. 
28:9.  True.  Heb.  10:22.  Prudent.  Prov.  18:15.  Wise.  Ex.  31:6; 
35:35.  Understanding,  i  Kings  3:5,  12.  One,  or  single.  Jer.  32: 
39.  Fixed,  trusthig.  Ps.  57:7;  112:7.  8.  Willing.  Ex.  35:5.  Free. 
2  Chron.  29:31.  Merry.  Prov.  15:  13;  17:22.  Also  Eph.  6:6.  Doing 
the  will  of  God  from  the  heart. 

God  and  the  Heart. 

What  He  Does  and  Pledges:  Searches,  Knows  and  Tries,  i 
Sam.  16:7.  III.  298,  9.  Ps.  139.  V.  441-452.  Ps.  11:4.  IV.  97. 
2  Chron.  6:30.  Thou  only  knowest  the  hearts.  2  Chron.  16:9.  VII. 
285.  Prov.  17:3.  Trieth  the  hearts.  VI.  345.  6.  Jer.  17:10.  VIII. 
481.  Opens  to  attention  and  thought.  Acts  16:  14.  Neh.  2:  12.  Re- 
places old  with  new.  Ezek.  36:26.  Col.  3 :  10.  2  Cor.  5:  17.  Sends 
the  Spirit.  Gal.  4:6.  Creates  clean  and  renews.  Ps.  51:  10.  Dwells 
in.  Eph.  3:17.  Maketh  soft.  Job  23:16.  Puts  gladness.  Ps.  4:7. 
Makes  peace  rule  in.  Col.  3:15.  Sets  eternity  in.  Eccles.  3:11. 
Grants  desires.  Ps.  37:4.  Phil.  4:6,  7.  He  is,  further,  said  to 
harden  the  heart.  See  I.  592,  601-605,  610,  617,  620.  VIII.  45.  Show- 
ing how  God  and  man  are  related  to  heart-hardening.  Also  XL 
246,  7. 

What  God  Demands:  The  heart's  loving  surrender.  Prov.  23: 
26.  My  son,  give  Me  thy  heart.  The  whole  man,  thoughts  (2  Cor. 
10:5),  desires  and  affections,  will  and  life.  VIII.  389.     ]\Iatt.  22-  ^7. 


1 66  Two  Types  of  Life 

Love  with  all  thy  heart,  etc.  Deut.  32 :  46.  Set  our  hearts  to  all  His 
words.  Deut.  15:7.  Not  harden  thy  heart.  Ps.  62:  10.  Set  not  heart 
on  riches.  Prov.  4:23.  Keep  thy  heart  with  all  diligence,  for.  VI. 
269,  270.  I  Pet.  1 :  22.  Love  one  another  with  pure  heart  fervently. 
XL  651.  Jer.  29:11-13.  Ye  shall  seek  Me  and  find  Me,  when  ye 
shall  search  for  Me  with  all  your  heart.  VIII.  529. 

Man  and  the  Heart:  Character  measured  and  determined  by 
thoughts  of  heart,  i.e.,  by  accepted  estimates  and  judgments,  ruling 
desires  and  affections,  controlling  aims  and  acts.  Prov.  23 :  7.  As  he 
thinketh  in  his  heart  (within  himself)  so  is  he.  VI.  385,  6.  Heart  like 
heart.  Prov.  27:19.  Only  knows  itself.  Prov.  14:10.  Sickened  by 
deferred  hope.  Prov.  13:12.  Bettered  by  sadness  and  reflection. 
Eccles.  7:2-4.  Full  of  devices.  Prov.  19:21.  Hardened  by  delay 
of  judgment.  Eccles.  8:11. 


Man  Subjected  to  the  Evil  Influence  of  Satan  and  of 
Wicked  Men. 

The  agency  of  the  soul's  enemies  is  a  fearful  fact  running 
through  man's  earthly  history,  involving  a  ceaseless  conflict.  What 
we  call  the  "  world "  and  "  earthly  things,"  the  pleasures,  gains, 
honors  and  ambitions  that  touch  and  fascinate  man's  native  uncurbed 
"  desires  of  the  flesh  and  the  mind,"  furnish  baits  and  allurements  to 
draw  him  away  from  God,  from  duty  and  from  good.  And  the  Evil 
Spirit,  with  already  seduced  evil  men,  use  these  baits  with  insidious 
assiduity  to  corrupt  yet  more  the  springs  of  thought  and  feeling  in 
order  to  enlarge  their  own  kingdom  of  darkness,  guilt  and  doom. 
For  texts,  see  pp.  19,  71,  130-132.  i  John  5:4,  5.  James  4:4.  2 
Cor.  2:11.  Eph.  6:12.  I  Pet.  5:8.  But  we  read:  2  Kings  6:16, 
17.  Fear  not,  for  they  that  be  with  us  are  more  than  they  that  be 
with  them.  .  .  .  And  behold,  the  mountain  was  full  of  horses  and 
chariots  of  fire.  VII.  201-203.  Rom.  8:  31,  38.  If  God  be  for  us,  who 
is  against  us?  Neither  angels,  nor  principalities,  nor  powers,  nor 
any  other  creature  shall  be  able  to  separate  us  from  the  love  of  God, 
which  is  in  Christ  Jesus  our  Lord. 

Two  Types  of  Life  comprise  all  Living  Men. 
The  True  God-Centered  Life. 

In  this  life,  the  knowledge  of  God  and  His  grace,  the  revealed 
truths  and  promises  of  His  Word,  and  all  questions  of  daily  personal 


True  and  False.  167 

duty  are  the  predominant  themes  of  thought  and  of  prayerful  study. 
In  this  life,  God  Himself,  as  the  source  of  all  being,  purity  and  bless- 
edness, is  the  central  and  supreme  object  of  the  heart's  deepest  af- 
fection and  longing,  so  that  its  impassioned  cry  is,  Whom  have  I  in 
heaven  hut  Thee,  and  there  is  none  on  earth  that  I  desire  beside 
Thee?  And  in  this  life,  the  will  of  God,  as  expressed  in  His  Law  of 
Holiness  and  Love,  is  the  single,  all-inclusive,  overruling  principle  of 
choice  and  of  action,  so  that  the  subjected,  believing,  obedient  man 
looking  ever  in  the  face  of  God  can  honestly  say.  Thy  will,  not  mine, 
be  done.  And  to  such  an  one  Christ  affirms,  He  shall  knoiv  the 
teaching;  We  will  love  him,  and  come  unto  him;  and,  He  that  shall 
lose  his'  life  for  My  sake  shall  find  it. 

2.  The  False  Self-Centered  Life. 

The  exact  contrast  to  the  true,  at  every  point.  Self  is  the  only 
reality.  Self  alone  is  the  theme  of  chief  ever-present  consideration; 
the  supreme  and  exclusive  object  of  affection  and  desire;  the  ultimate 
sole  end  of  his  daily  aims,  plans  and  intense  pursuit.  God  is  far 
from  his  inmost  controlling  thoughts  and  desires,  and  his  life  is  or- 
dered without  reference  to  the  will  or  the  spiritual  command  of  God. 
In  truth,  though  he  may  not  realize  it  because  of  a  Christian  en- 
vironment in  the  household  and  in  society,  there  is  to  him  no  God,  or 
a  far-away  God  indifferent  to  and  in  no  way  related  to  him.  This 
is  really  the  condition  of  one  who  leads  a  self-centered  life  in  a  Chris- 
tian community. 

The  effects  of  that,  life  upon  the  man  himself  and  upon  the  com- 
munity we  can  but  briefly  summarize.  Upon  himself,  increasing  de- 
tachment froiu  and  aversion  to  the  God  who  is  his  true  and  eternal" 
life;  increasing  grasp  of  the  spirit  of  selfishness,  narrowing  his  mental 
vision  of  vital  truths  and  realities,  dwarfing  and  crushing  out  all  high 
and  holy,  natively  human  and  godlike  affections,  and  all  spiritual 
cravings  for  satisfying  and  abiding  good ;  and  utter  collapse  and 
destruction  of  all  moral  capacity  for  return  to  God,  and  for  re-en- 
gagement in  His  free,  glad  and  eternally  rewarding  service.  Upon 
the  community,  his  influence  is  in  the  direction  of  his  own  sad  experi- 
ence, under  the  force  of  his  ever-active  example,  and  his  positive 
agency  in  daily  fellowship  of  word  and  deed.  So  that  the  self-cen- 
tered man  involves  in  his  own  downward  progress  and  final  destiny 
all  with  whom  his  own  selfish  interest  has  led  him  to  make  and  hold 
association.  Nor  can  he  do  other  than  sow  thus  widely  the  seeds 
of  baleful  influence,  since  no  life  is  isolated,  no  man  liveth  to  him- 
self alone,  though  he  live  in  utter  selfishness.     See  VI.  464,  5.     Gates. 


1 68  Self-Exaltation  and  Self-Pleasing. 

We  may  expand  and  more  fully  explain  this  outline  of  a  Self- 
centered  and  a  God-centered  life  from  another  standpoint,  presenting 


SELF.     Under  Two  Contrasted  Aspects: 

1.  Self-Exaltation  and  Self-Pleasing,  the  State  of 
Man  by  Nature. 

These  are  concentrated  in  the  term  ScIfisJuicss,  or  its  recent  but 
fit  equivalent,  Sclfism,  which  is  the  root  and  essence  of  Sin.  In  these 
equivalent  terms  is  described  the  permanent  moral  condition  of  a 
man  whose  supreme  and  ruling  estimates,  desires,  choices  and  actions 
are  exercised  with  sole  reference  to  his  own  gratification  or  advan- 
tage. It  is  a  state  of  will  and  heart  wherein  the  spirit  and  the  life 
of  the  man  has  become  exclusively  and  utterly  self-centered.  Such 
a  man  neither  recognizes  nor  regards  the  supreme  obligation  of  Duty 
to  God,  and  to  his  fellow-man.  His  thoughts  and  purposes,  his 
ambitions  and  pursuits,  are  limited  to  the  interests,  occupations,  gains 
and  pleasures  of  this  brief  life.  Heedless  of  God  and  of  the  future, 
he  makes  no  provision  for  the  judgment  and  the  life  to  come.  Such 
are  the  men  oft  referred  to  by  the  inspired  moralists  in  Job,  Eccle- 
siastes  and  the  Proverbs,  by  the  Psalmists  and  Prophets,  by  Christ 
in  many  Parables  and  warning  utterances,  and  hinted  at  in  the 
Epistles  and  the  Revelation.  In  a  word,  the  Bible  abounds  in  the 
plainest  illustrations  and  pitying  denunciations  of  Selfishness  and 
Selfism,  as  the  source  and  ever-flowing  fountain  of  moral  evil  and 
of  its  consequent  experience  of  abiding  misery. 

We  can  only  note  a  few  texts  and  points  of  so  broad  a  theme, 
in  aid  of  the  reader's  larger  investigation:  Hosea  lo:  12.  Read  care- 
fully VII.  365-367,  410.  James  4 :  4-7.  XI.  635,  636.  Touching  self- 
conceit  and  vainglory.  Prov.  3 :  5,  7.  VI.  248.  Prov.  26:  12.  VI.  404. 
405.  Prov.  27:2.  VI.  407,  408.  Gal.  5:26.  Desire  of  "vainglory'" 
leads  to  "  provoking  and  envying  one  another."  XI.  408.  Touching 
self-pleasing.  Rom.  15:1-3.  We  ought  not  to  please  ourselves.  XI. 
271.  Phil.  2:21.  XI.  455.  2  Tim.  3:2.  XI.  537.  Self-seekers  are 
self-losers  and  self-destroyers,  according  to  Christ's  word.  Luke  17: 
33.  Whosoever  shall  seek  to  gain  his  life  shall  lose  it.  Matt.  16:26. 
For  what  shall  a  man  be  profited,  if  he  shall  gain  the  whole  world, 
and  lose  his  own  soul  ?  Prominent  illustrations :  Saul,  III.  356.  Ab- 
salom, Ahithophel,  Haman,  Judas  and  Ananias.  Amos  6:  i.  Woe  to 
those  at  ease.  IX.  422. 


Self-Surrender  and  Self- Denial.  i6q 

2.  Self-Surrender  and  Self-Denial,  the  State  of  Re- 
newed Man  by  Grace. 

This  is  a  complete  reversal  of  man's  normal  moral  state,  and,  on 
the  human  side,  is  the  sole  remedy  and  relief  from  the  disastrous 
effects  of  moral  evil.  It  means  a  radical  change  in  the  supreme 
center  of  thought  and  desire,  of  aim  and  action,  from  self  to  God. 

Self-Surrender  is  simply  Rightful  and  Reasonable  Sub- 
anission  to  God. 

It  is  rightful  and  reasonable,  since  God  is  the  Author  and  Sus- 
tainer  of  bur  being,  as  our  condition  of  conscious  absolute  dependence 
assures  us;  since  He  is  the  Ruler  of  our  spirits,  as  the  conscience 
within  us  unv\^averingly  affirms ;  since  He  sustains  the  higher  char- 
acters and  dearer  relations  of  Father,  Redeemer  by  voluntary  suft'er- 
ing  and  self-sacrifice,  and  Renewer  and  Sanctifier.  And  these  sub- 
lime relations,  with  their  inestimably  precious  effects,  not  only  make 
the  response  of  Submission  rightful  and  reasonable,  but  they  exalt 
and  ennoble  the  gladly  self-humbled  and  submitting  spirit.  By  no 
other  act  can  man,  in  his  state  of  nature,  more  honor  and  glorify  God 
than  in  his  displacing  of  Self  by  the  enthronement  of  God  in  the 
Person  of  the  Kingly  Saviour,  Christ,  in  heart  and  will  and  life. 

Hence  the  foremost  command  of  God  in  all  His  word  is,  Submis- 
sion and  Obedience.  Upon  its  honest,  prompt  and  hearty  acceptance 
all  hope  and  all  promise  of  blessing  is  conditioned  and  realized.  Of 
this  fact,  the  testimony  of  Scripture  is  uniform  and  abundant.  Upon 
every  page  of  Israel's  history,  by  Moses  and  Joshua,  by  Samuel  and 
all  the  faithful  Kings  and  Prophets,  we  read  this  one  demand:  "  Obey 
My  Voice !  "  And  the  record  everywhere  reveals  blessings  following 
submissive  obedience,  and  afflictions  attending  willful  disobedience. 
"  Be  not  stiff-necked,  as  your  fathers  were,  but  yield  yourselves  to 
the  Lord,"  was  the  message  of  Hezekiah,  which  expresses  the  sub- 
stance of  God's  demand  through  all  the  centuries  of  Old  Testament 
history.     2Chron.  30:8.  VII.  340. 

James  4:4.  7,  10.  Submit  yourselves  unto  God.  Humble  your- 
selves in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  and  He  shall  lift  you  up.  XL  636. 
637.  I  Pet.  5:5,  6.  Humble  yourselves  under  the  mighty  hand  of 
God,  that  He  may  exalt  you  in  due  time.  XL  667.  Also  read  Ps.  iig: 
94.  V.  325,  326.  Ps.  131.' V.  406-409.  Prov.  16:32.  VI.  343-345.  VII. 
416.  IX.  628,  642. 


170  Man's  True  Glory. 

Self-Denial  Adds  to  Surrender  the  Positive  Element  of 
Resistance  to  Self. 

Self-Sacrifice  and  Self-Crucifixion  (Gal  6:  14.  XL  409,  413)  are 
only  more  intense  equivalent  expressions.  The  deliberate  and  prin- 
cipled Denial  of  Self-demands,  even  to  the  measure  of  sacrifice  and 
suffering,  springs  from  and  is  actuated  solely  by  a  ruling  principle 
of  unselfish  love  and  devotion  to  God  and  to  man.  Self-sacrifice  is 
an  essential  precedent  and  condition  of  self-control  and  of  self-con- 
secration. In  the  present  circumstances  of  man's  existence,  it  is  a 
law  of  spiritual  life  and  progress.  Even  in  mere  human  associations, 
it  affords  the  only  impressive  evidence  of  an  unselfish  spirit.  By  its 
costly  fruits  of  cheer  and  help,  it  commends  itself  as  beautiful,  elevat- 
ing and  ennobling,  even  to  a  selfish  soul.  Hence  it  finds  such  fre- 
quent expression  among  the  earnest  injunctions  of  the  Master,  whose 
whole  life  was  its  perfect  illustration.  "  Sell  thy  goods,  and  dis- 
tribute to  the  poor,  and  follow  Me,"  said  Jesus  to  the  rich  young 
ruler,  whom  for  his  human  excellences  He  loved.  In  principle  He 
requires  a  corresponding  sacrifice  of  all.  "If  any  man  would  come 
after  Me,  let  him  deny  himself."     Luke  9:23,  24.  X.  276,  7. 

Man's  True  Glory;  the  Knowledge,  Love,  Likeness 
and  Service  of  God. 

Jer.  9:23,  24.  Let  not  the  wise  man  glory  in  his  wisdom,  the 
rich  man  in  his  riches,  the  mighty  man  in  his  might;  but  let  him  in 
this,  that  he  understandeth  and  knoweth  Me.  that  I  am  the  Lord 
which  exercise  lovingkindness,  judgment,  and  righteousness,  in  the 
earth;  for  in  these  things  I  delight.  VIII.  441-443.  i  Cor.  1:31.  Ho 
that  glorieth,  let  him  glory  in  the  Lord.  Rom.  2:7.  To  them  that 
by  patience  in  well-doing  seek  for  glory  and  honor  and  incorruption., 
eternal  life.  XL  205.  Rom.  5:3.  We  glory  in  tribulations;  knowing 
that  tribulation  worketh  patience,  etc.  Rom.  15  :  17.  I  have  my  glory- 
ing in  Christ  Jesus  in  things  pertaining  to  God.  Gal.  6:  13.  Far  be  it 
from  me  to  glory,  save  in  the  cross  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  i  Pet. 
1:24.  The  glory  of  man  as  the  flower  of  grass,  i  Pet.  5:  i,  10.  A 
partaker  of  the  glory  that  shall  be  revealed.  The  God  of  all  grace 
hath  called  you  unto  His  eternal  glory  in  Christ. 

All  the  above  Points  lead  up  to  that  which  is  supreme  and  of 
immeasurable   significance : 

Man's  Changeless  and  Immortal  Life. 

This  consists  in  the  endless  continuity  and  expansion  of  all  his 
spiritual  faculties,  and  of  perpetuated  and  increasing  energy  for  their 


Immortal  Life  in  Christ.  171 

larger  exercise  and  development,  with  results  of  ever-widening  knowl- 
edge, affection  and  service.  The  essential  worth  and  use  of  this  life  is 
found  in  its  relation  to  and  preparation  for  the  life  to  come.  Every- 
thing possessed,  experienced,  or  done  on  earth  has  value  only  as  it 
contributes  to  the  attainment  of  eternal  life.  A  single  statement  ex- 
presses and  exhausts  the  substance  and  significance  of  this  final  and 
vital  Point: 

The  Incarnate,  Atoning,  Risen  and  Glorified  Christ  is 
the  Source  and  the  Giver  of  Man's  Perfected  and  Abiding- 
Life.  ■ 

To  vitalize  the  dead  human  soul  by  deliverance  from  death-pro- 
ducing sin,  to  bring  into  the  spirit  a  new  Divine  life  by  His  Holy 
Spirit,  to  nourish  that  life  and  re-enforce  its  energies  by  "  daily 
Divine  renewing  in  the  inner  man,"  in  order  to  the  working  out  of 
the  fruits  of  righteousness  on  earth  to  the  glory  of  God,  and  to  ripen 
and  mature  the  renewed  spirit  into  a  final  condition  of  perfected  like- 
ness to  God,  so  that  the  sanctified  man  might  be  welcomed  to  the 
freedom  and  the  privileges  of  the  child  in  the  Father's  heavenly 
household,  all  this  Christ  Himself  declared  to  be  the  blessed  purpose 
and  end  for  which  He  came,  and  died,  and  rose  again  to  reign  in 
glory.  And  this  is  the  central  cardinal  theme  of  all  His  authorized 
and  inspired  interpreters.  Such  is  the  high,  glad  destiny  of  Man 
as  a  believer  in  Christ,  saved  and  glorified  by  Grace.  But'the  Theme 
is  incomplete  without, reference  to  the  alternative  destiny  which 
awaits  the  willfully  unbelieving  man : 

Man's  Irreparable  and  Enduring  Shame  and  Loss. 

Christ's  own  words  produce  the  clearest  conviction  and  deepest 
impression.  He  charges  the  final  death  of  the  soul,  the  second  death, 
to  the  man's  determined  withdrawal  from  and  rejection  of  His  loving 
call.  "I  am  come  that  ye  may  have  life  in  abundance."  "Ye  will 
not  come  unto  Me,  that  ye  may  have  life."  John  5:40;  10:  10.  And 
He  it  is.  the  inviting,  self-sacrificing,  loving  Christ,  whose  declara- 
tions concerning  the  unbelieving  man's  final  destiny  are  plainest  and 
most  awful.  IVIatt.  25:41,  46.  Mark  9:44;  10:28,  etc.  And  very 
strong  and  impressive  are  the  questions  He  propounds:  Mark  8:36. 
37.  What  shall  it  profit  a  man,  if  he  shall  gain  the  whole  world,  and 
lose  his  own  soul?  Or  what  shall  a  man  give  in  exchange  for  his 
soul?  X.  2yy. 


iy2  Sowing  and  Reaping. 


ENTIRE  LIFE  A  MORAL  SOWING  AND  REAPING. 

Conscious,  responsible  living,  before  God  and  among  men,  im- 
plies manifold  obligations  and  imposes  definite  duties,  toward  God, 
toward  men,  and  toward  the  moral  agent  himself.  Of  necessity,  there- 
fore, the  whole  life-period  is  a  moral  sowing  and  reaping,  and  all  are 
sowers  and  reapers.  Hence,  the  wide  command,  Eccles.  1 1 :  6.  In 
the  morning  sow  thy  seed,  and  in  the  evening  withhold  not  thine 
hand.  VI.  509. 

"  We  sow  a  thought  and  reap  an  act ; 
We  sow  an  act  and  reap  a  habit ; 
We  sow  a  habit  and  reap  a  character  ; 
We  sow  a  character  and  reap  a  destiny." 

Reaping  invariably  like  in  kind  to  the  Sowing. 

Gal.  6:  7.  Whatsoever  a  man  soweth,  that  shall  he  reap.  XI.  410. 
2Cor.  9:6,  10.  Soweth  sparingly,  .  .  .  bountifully,  shall  reap  also. 
XI.  377.  Hos.  8:7.  Sow  in  righteousness,  reap  according  to  mercy. 
IX.  365,  6.  Job.  4 :  8.  They  that  plow  iniquity,  and  sow  trouble,  reap 
the  same.  VI.  36.     Prov.  11 :  19.  VI.  303,  4. 

Two  Diverse  Kinds  of  Sowing,  with  differing  but  appro- 
priate Fruit. 

I.  To  God  and  Good.  Gal.  6:8.  He  that  soweth  unto  the  Spirit 
shall  of  the  Spirit  reap  eternal  life;  2.  To  Self  and  Evil.  Gal.  6:8. 
He  that  soweth  unto  his  own  flesh  (to  himself)  shall  of  the  flesh  reap 
corruption.  XL  411.  Prov.  1:31.  They  eat  the  fruit  of  their  own 
way.  VI.  240.  Prov.  22 :  8.  He  that  soweth  iniquity  shall  reap  calam- 
ity. Hos.  8:7.  Have  sown  the  wind,  reap  the  whirlwind.  IX.  360. 
Hos.  10:  12.  IX.  365,  7. 

Courage  and  persistent  fidelity  in  right  sowing  surely 
rewarded. 

Gal.  6:9.  Let  us  not  be  weary  in  well-doing;  for  in  due  season 
w^e  shall  reap,  if  we  faint  not.  XL  411.  Ps.  126:  5,  6.  They  that  sow 
in  tears  shall  reap  in  joy.  Though  he  goeth  weeping,  bearing  seed, 
"he  shall  come  again  with  joy,  bringing  his  sheaves.  V.  382-385.  Prov. 
11:  18.  To  him  that  soweth  righteousness  a  sure  reward.  VI.  303. 
Isa.  32:20.  Blessed  ye  that  sow  beside  all  waters.  VITI.  160.  James 
3:  18.  Fruit  of  righteousness  sown  in  peace,  etc.  XL  634. 


Life's  Brevity.     Death.  175. 

Every  man  a  Reaper  of  others'  Sowing,  and  a  Sower  for 
others'  Reaping. 

John  4:36,  ly,  38.  One  soweth,  another  reapcth.  X.  105.  John 
12:  24.  Except  a  grain  of  wheat  fall  into  the  earth  and  die,  it  abideth 
by  itself  alone;  but  if  it  die,  it  beareth  much  fruit.  X.  440. 

LIFE'S   BREVITY   AND   FRAILTY. 

Gen.  47:9.  Few  and  evil  the  days  of  my  life.  I.  534.  i  Chron. 
29:  15.  Our  days  are  as  a  shadow,  and  there  is  no  abiding.  III.  492. 
Ps.  39:4-6.  My  days  as  handbreadths.     Every  man  (Heb.)  a  breath. 

IV.  290.  .  Ps.  90:4-6,  9,  10.  Our  years  as  a  tale  that  is  told  (a  sound 
or  sigh).  V.  109,  no,  112,  113.     Ps.  102:  11.  A  shadow  that  declineth. 

V.  175.  Ps.  103:  15,  16.  As  grass,  as  a  flower  of  the  field.  V.  185. 
Job  7:6,  7,  9.  My  days  swifter  than  a  weaver's  shuttle.  My  life  a 
breath.  As  a  cloud  is  consumed  and  vanisheth.  VI.  51.  Job  9:25, 
26.  Days  swifter  than  a  post.  Passed  away  as  the  swift  ships.  VI. 
65.  Job  14:  I,  2.  Of  few  days  and  full  of  trouble.  A  flower  is  cut 
down.  A  shadow  and  continueth  not.  VI.  86,  7.  Isa.  40;  6,  7.  Grass 
withereth.  the  flower  fadeth.  VIII.  206.  Isa.  64:6.  All  do  fade  as  a 
leaf.  VIII.  372.  James  4:  u..  Ye  are  a  vapor,  that  appeareth  for  a 
little  time,  and  then  vanisK'-^^-  -^way.  XI.  638.  i  Pet.  1:24.  XI.  651. 
I  John  2:  17.  XI.  687.  Isa.  2:'22.  Whose  breath  is  in  his  nostrils. 
VIII.  29.-  Micah  2:  10.  This  is  not  your  rest.  IX.  472.  Heb.  13:  14. 
We  have  not  here  an  abiding  city.  XI.  615.  2  Cor.  5:4.  In  this 
tabernacle  we  groan,  ^being  burdened.  XL  361.  Ezek.  7:6.  IX.  40. 
Job  37:21.  A  mixed  experience.  VI.  193,  4. 

Time  to  be  Redeemed.'  Eccl.  9:7-10.  How  to  live.  VI.  497- 
501.  Ps.  90:  12.  So  teach  us  to  number  our  days  that  we  may  get  us 
an  heart  of  wisdom.  V.  111-113.  Eph.  5:  15,  16.  Look  carefully  hov/ 
ye  walk,  not  as  unwise  but  as  wise;  redeeming  the  time,  because  the 
days  are  evil.  XL  437.  Col.  4:  5.  Walk  in  wisdom  toward  them  that 
are  without,  redeeming  the  time.  XL  483.  Wasted  years  restored. 
Joel  2:  25.  IX.  397.  Effect  of  unveiling  the  hidden  life.  2  Kings  8:11. 
VIII.  215,  216.     Uncertainty.     Prov.  27:  i.  VI.  407.     Jas.  4:  13.  XL 

For  Life's  Periods  (Youth  and  Age),  sec  Top.  An.,  p.  282. 

DEATH. 

Appointed  unto  AH. 

Gen.  3:19.  Unto  dust  shalt  thou  return.  I.  194.  Appointed  to 
all.    Heb.  9 :  27.     Appointed  unto  men  once  to  die.     Eccles.  3:2.  A 


174  Death, 

time  to  die.  VI.  455.  Eccles.  8 :  8.  No  man  hath  power  to  retain  the 
spirit.  VI.  490,  I.  Eccles.  9:5.  Living  know  that  they  shall  die.  VI. 
496.  Eccles.  12:7.  Dust  to  dust.  VI.  515-517.  Jer.  16:6.  Great  and 
small  shall  die.  i  Sam.  14 :  14.  We  must  needs  die.  III.  428.  Deut. 
31  :  14,  16.  II.  718,  719,  729.  XI.  361.     Job  4:20.  VI.  39.     16:22.  VI. 

lOI. 


The  Event  Determined  by  God. 

Job  30:23.  Thou   wilt  bring  me  to  death.  VI.   159.     Job   14:5. 
Number  of  his  months  is  with  Thee.  VI.  87.     Ps.  68:20.  Unto  Jeho 
vah  the  Lord  belongs  the  issues  from  death.  V.  465.     John  14:3. 

Christ,  Victor  over  Death. 

Heb.  2:  14,  15.  Through  death  destroyed  the  power  of  death.  XI. 
561,  2.  I  Cor.  15:26.  The  last  enemy  destroyed  is  death.  XL  335. 
Isa.  25:8.  He  hath  swallowed  up  death.  VIII.  118-121,  9.  Isa.  26: 
19.  VIII.  129,  130.  2  Tim.  i:  10.  Abolished  death,  i  Cor.  15:54-57. 
Swallowed  up  death  in  victory.  XL  340.  Hosea  13:14.  IX.  377. 
Rev.  21:4.  No  more  death. 

Death  of  Righteous — of  Saints. 

"Dead  with  Christ."  Rom.  6:8.  Col.  2:20.  "Dead  in  Christ." 
I  Thes.  4:  16.  Prov.  14:32.  Righteous  hath  hope  in  his  death.  VT. 
327.  Isa.  57:1,  2.  Righteous  taken  away  from  evil.  He  entereth 
into  peace.  VIII.  320.  Ps.  37:37.  Latter  end  of  the  upright  is  peace. 
IV.  283.  I  Cor.  3:22.  Death  is  yours.  XL  291.  Rom.  8:38.  Nor 
death  can  separate  from  love  of  God.  XL  243.  Ps.  73 :  24-26.  After- 
ward receive  me  to  glory.  V.  11-14.  Ps.  116:15.  Precious  in  the 
sight  of  the  Lord  is  the  death  of  His  saints.  V.  269-276.  Rev.  14:  13. 
Blessed  the  dead  who  die  in  the  Lord.  XI.  759.  John  11 :  25.  Though 
dead  yet  shall  he  live.  X.  347.  John  14:3.  I  will  receive  you  unto 
Myself.  X.  480.  XL  530  (A.  M.).  XL  610,  11.  Dying  grace.  Heb. 
2:15.     XL  561.     Also  VI.  497.     VIII.  225. 

The  Saint's  Death  a  Sleep,  with  Blissful  Awaking. 

Ps.  13:3.  The  sleep  of  death.  IV.  104.  i  Thes.  4:14,  17,  18. 
Them  that  are  fallen  asleep  in  Jesus  will  God  bring  with  Him.  So 
be  ever  with  the  Lord.  XL  492,  3.  Acts  7:60.  He  fell  asleep.  XL 
54.     Ps.  17:  15.  Satisfied  when  I  awake  in  Thy  likeness.  IV.  129-133. 


Judgment  of  God.  17^ 

State  of  the  Blessed  Dead. 

Immediate  and  Intermediate.  Luke  2^ :  43.  To-day  shalt  thou  be 
with  Me  in  Paradise.  X.  546.  Ps.  7;^ :  24.  Thou  shalt  receive  me  to 
glory.  V.  II,  275,  6.  Phil,  i  :  21,  2^.  To  die  is  gain.  To  depart  and 
be  with  Christ.  XI.  448,  9.  Also  read  XI.  331,  340,  759.  X.  349. 
Isa.  26:  19.  VIII.  129.     Zech.  14:6.  IX.  614.     Hos.  13:  14.  376,  7. 

Helpful   References  and  Sue^estive  Thought. 

Job  14:  10,   14.   Where  is  He?     Shall  He  live  again?  \T.  88-90. 

Death  to  the  aged.  Job  5 :  26.  As  a  shock  of  corn  in  its  season. 
VI.  43.,  4-     Of  the  strong.     Jer.  48.  Stafif  broken.  VIII.  568. 

Condition  of  the  Infant  dead.  XI.  221.  Death  by  Translation. 
Enoch  and  Elijah.  I.  225,  6.  VII.  159,  160. 

The  righteous  dead  still  live  in  their  influence.  Ps.  112:6.  The 
righteous  shall  be  had  in  everlasting  remembrance.  V.  252.  Heb.  11  : 
4.  Dead,  yet  speaketh.  XI.  597. 

God  glorified  in  the  manner  of  dying.  John  21 :  19.  By  what 
death  he  should  glorify  God. 

Further  Suggestive  Thought.  II.  597,  8.  718,  9.  729.  Wisdom 
of  preparation.  VII.  346-348.     Ps.  90:  12. 


JUDGMENT   OF   GOD. 

1.  God's  Judgments  upon  Peoples  and  Persons  on 
Earth. 

Judgment  His  "strange  work."  Isa.  28:21.  VIII.  141,  2.  Ps.  9: 
16.  Lord  is  known  by  the  judgments  He  executeth.  IV.  89.  Ps.  99: 
4.  Thou  executest  judgment.  V.  163.  Ps.  103:6.  Executeth  judg- 
ment for  oppressed.  V.  182.  Prov.  29:26.  Every  man's  judgment 
cometh  from  the  Lord.  VI.  419.  Isa.  3:  10,  11.  VIII.  ^o.  ler.  23:  S- 
He  shall  execute"  judgment  in  the  land.  VIII.  505.  Rev.  16-  17.  True 
and  righteous  are  His  judgments.  Dan.  7:9-14.  IX.  274-277.  All 
His  Judgments  executed  solely  in  the  interest  of  Righteousness  and 
Mercy,  of  Man's  Redemption.  Isa.  26.  9.  When  Thy  judgments  are 
ni  the  earth  the  inhabitants  will  learn  righteousness.  VIII.  127. 
Isa.  30:18.  God  of  judgment  that  He  may  have  mercy.  VIII.  152. 
Ps.  loi:  I.  Mercy  and  judgment.  V.  170.  Ps.  89:  14.  Righteousness 
and  judgment  the  habitation  of  Thy  throne.  IVIercy  and  truth  go 
before  (as  heralds).  V.  98.  Joel  2:  11-14.  IX.  395.  396.  Isa.  63:4. 
The  day  of  vengeance  was  in  Mine  heart,  and  the  year  of  My  re- 


ij6  Judgment — Resurrection. 

deemed  is  come.  VIII.  365,  6.  James  2:  13.  Mercy  glorieth  against 
judgment.  Amos  4:  12.  Because  I  will  do  this,  prepare  to  meet  thy 
God.  IX.  415. 

2.  Final  Judgment;   Christ  the  Judge. 

Ps.  9:8.  He  shall  judge  the  world  in  righteousness.  IV.  88. 
Acts  17:31.  XI.  127.  Eccles.  3:  15,  16,  17.  God  shall  judge  the  right- 
eous and  the  wicked.  VI.  462,  3.  John  5 :  22.  Hath  committed  all 
judgment  to  the  Son.  X.  130.  Description  of  the  Judgment.  Matt. 
25:31-46.  Note  the  determining  principle  of  vs.  40,  45:  Done  it 
.  .  .  did  it  not  unto  Me.  X.  460.  2  Cor.  5:10.  All  made  manifest 
before  the  judgment  seat  of  Christ.  XI.  362.  Rom.  14:  10.  XI.  268. 
Heb.  9:27.  After  death  the  judgment.  Rev.  20:11-15.  The  dead, 
small  and  great,  stand  before  God.     The  books  opened.  XI.  768-773. 

References  to  the  Day  of  Judgment: 

Day  of  the  Lord:  Joel  i  :  15.  Read  IX.  389-392.  Zeph.  i  :  14.  IX. 
526.  Isa.  13:9.  Zech.  14:  i.  Mai.  4:5.  i  Cor.  5:5.  2  Cor.  1:14. 
I  Thes.  5  :  2. 

Great  Day:  Rev.  6:  17.  Of  His  wrath.  Jude  6.  Judgment  of  the 
great  day. 

The  Day:  Mai.  4:  i.  Cometh.  Heb.  10:25.  Approaching.  2  Pet. 
3:  10.  Will  come  as.     i  Cor.  3:  13.  Shall  declare  it. 

That  Day:  Mai.  3:  17.  When  I  make  up  My  jewels.  Matt.  7:  22. 
Will  say,  Lord.  Matt.  24:  36.  Knoweth  no  man.  2  Tim.  i  :  12.-  Com- 
mitted to  Him  against.  Vs.  13.  Find  mercy  in.  2  Tim.  4:8.  Crown 
the  Lord  shall  give  me  in  that  day. 

Day  of  Christ:  Phil.  2:  16.  May  rejoice  in  the  day  of  Christ. 

Day  of  Judgment:  Eccles.  12:14.  Matt.  10:15;  12:36.  Acts 
17:31.  2  Pet.  2:9.  I  John  4:7.  Jude  6.  Described.  Matt.  25:31- 
46.     Rom.  2:5,  6,  16.     2  Cor.  5:10.     Rev.  20:11-18.  XI.  770-773. 


RESURRECTION    OF    THE    BODY. 

Old  Testament.  Isa.  26:  19.  Dead  shall  live  .  .  .  dead 
bodies  shall  arise.  VIII.  128-130.  Hos.  6:2.  IX.  352.  Hos.  13:14- 
I  will  ransom  from  the  grave,  redeem  from  death.  TX.  376,  7.  Dan. 
12:2.  Them  that  sleep  shall  awake,  some  to  everlasting  life,  some  to 
shame.  IX.  322. 

New  Testament.  Luke  20 :  37,  38.  That  the  dead  arc  raised, 
even   Moses  showed.  X.  427,  8.     John  5 :  29.  Come   forth,   unto  the 


Immortality.  i  y  7 

resurrection  of  life,  of  condemnation.  John  11:23-26.  Thy  brother 
shall  rise  again.  X.  347-349.  John  6:  39,  40,  45,  54.  I  will  raise  him  up 
at  the  last  day.  X.  255.  i  Cor.  15:  12-58.  Argument.  X.  330-341.  Par- 
ticular statements:  Vs.  42-44.  Sown — raised — a  natural  and  spiritual 
body.  388,  9.  Vs.  49.  Image  of  Heavenly.  339.  Vs.  53,  54.  340,  i. 
Rom.  8:  11.  Shall  quicken  your  mortal  bodies.  XI.  235.  2  Cor.  5:  1-4. 
Clothed  upon  with  our  habitation  which  is  from  heaven.  XI.  361.  Phil. 
3:  21.  Who  shall  fashion  anew  the  body  of  our  humiliation,  that  it  may 
be  conformed  to  the  body  of  His  glory.  XI.  461.  i  Thes.  4:  14,  16.  If 
Jesus  died  and  rose  again,  even  so  them  that  are  fallen  asleep  in 
Jesus  will  God  bring  with  Him.  XI.  492,  3.  Rev.  14:13.  Blessed 
who  die  in  the  Lord,  they  rest,  etc.  XI.  759.  Rev.  20:  12.  The  dead 
stand  before  God.  XI.  771.  Order  of  Resurrection.  1  Cor.  15:23,  51, 
52.     See  comment.  Top.  An.,  p.  456,  7. 

IMMORTALITY,  ETERNAL  LIFE. 

Old  Testament  Intimations: 

Gen.  37:35.  I.  493.  Ps.  16:8-11.  Thou  wilt  show  me  the  path 
of  life.  In  Thy  right  hand  there  are  pleasures  for  evermore.  IV. 
121-125.  Ps.  17:  14,  15.  I  shall  behold  Thy  face  in  righteousness;  I 
shall  be  satisfied,  when  I  awake,  with  Thy  likeness.  IV.  129-133.  Ps. 
41:  12.  Thou  settest  me  before  Thy  face  forever.  IV.  308.  Ps.  49: 
14,  15.  God  will  redeem  my  soul  from  the  power  of  Sh^ol,  for  He 
shall  receive  me.  IV.  352.  Ps.  jt,  :  24-26.  Shalt  receive  me  to  glory. 
God  is  my  portion  forever.  V.  11-14.  Ps.  112:6.  V.  252.  Job  14:7- 
T2.  VI.  88.  89,  90.  Job  19:25-27.  After  my  skin,  even  this  body,  is 
destroyed,  then  without  my  flesh  I  shall  see  God.  VI.  110-115.  Eccles. 
3:  II,  15,  21.  He  hath  set  eternity  in  their  heart.  God  seeketh  again 
that  which  is  passed  away.  VI.  459,  460,  462-466.  Eccles.  12:7.  The 
spirit  return  xmto  God  who  gave  it.  VI.  516-520,  555.  Isa.  25:8.  He 
hath  swallowed  .up  death  forever.  VIII.  118-120.  Isa.  26:19.  Thy 
dead  shall  live.  VIII.  128-130.  Dan.  12:2,  3.  Shall  awake,  some  to 
everlasting  life,  and  some  to  everlasting  contempt.  And  they  that  be 
wise  shall  shine  as  the  brightness  of  the  firmament ;  and  they  that 
turn  many  to  righteousness  as  the  stars  for  ever  and  ever.  IX.  322- 
325.  Hos.  13:  14.  I  will  ransom  them  from  the  power  of  the  grave; 
I  will  redeem  them  from  death.  IX.  376,  377. 

New  Testament  Affirmations: 

Words  of  Christ.  Matt.  19:  29.  Shall  inherit  eternal  life.  Luke  18: 
30.  Shall  receive  in  the  world  to  come  eternal  life.    John  3 :  16,  36.  X^ot 


178  Immortality. 

perish,  but  have  eternal  life.  He  that  believeth  on  the  Son  hath  eternal 
life.  John  4 :  14.  John  5  124,  25.  He  that  heareth  and  believeth  hath  eter- 
nal life.  John  6:  47.  He  that  believeth  hath  eternal  life.  John  11 :  24, 
25.  He  that  believeth  on  Me,  though  he  die,  yet  shall  he  live;  and 
whosoever  liveth  and  believeth  on  Me  shall  never  die.  John  14:  3,  19. 
I  will  receive  you  unto  Myself;  that  where  I  am,  there  ye  may  be 
also.  Because  I  live,  ye  shall  live  also.  John  17:24.  I  will  that 
where  I  am  they  also  may  be  with  Me.  Luke  23 :  43.  Verily  I  say 
unto  thee.  To-day  shalt  thou  be  with  Me  in  Paradise.  X.  341. 

Apostolic  Writers.  Rom.  8 :  38,  39.  Neither  death  nor  life,  nor 
things  to  come  shall  be  able  to  separate  us  from  the  love  of  God 
which  is  in  Christ  Jesus  our  Lord.  XL  243.  i  Cor.  15:21,  22,  49,  53, 
54.  As  in  Adam  all  die,  so  also  in  Christ  shall  all  be  made  alive.  As 
we  have  borne  the  image  of  the  earthy,  we  shall  also  bear  the  image 
of  the  heavenly.  For  this  corruptible  must  put  on  incorruption,  and 
this  mortal  must  put  on  immortality.  Then  shall  come  to  pass  the 
saying  that  is  written.  Death  is  swallowed  up  in  victory.  XL  341.  i 
Thes.  4:  17.  The  dead  in  Christ  shall  rise  ...  to  meet  the  Lord; 
and  so  shall  we  ever  be  with  the  Lord.  2  Tim.  Christ  Jesus,  who 
abolished  death,  and  brought  life  and  incorruption  to  light.  XL  530. 
Rev.  14:  13.  Blessed  are  the  dead  which  die  in  the  Lord  from  hence- 
forth ;  yea,  saith  the  Spirit,  that  they  may  rest  from  their  labors ;  for 
their  works  follow  with  them.  XL  759.  Rev.  21 :  3,  4.  Behold,  the 
tabernacle  of  God  is  with  men,  and  He  shall  dwell  with  them ;  and 
death  shall  be  no  more,  neither  mourning  nor  pain  any  more ;  the  first 
things  are  passed  away.  XL  778. 

Immortality  would  seem  to  be  a  necessary  implication  from  man's 
structural  likeness  to  God.  From  the  marvelous  gifts  of  intelligence, 
affection,  a  sense  of  moral  obligation,  and  capacities  for  moral  action, 
we  must  infer  that  God  made  man  for  His  own  abiding  fellowship 
and  service.  And  this  the  Scriptures  affirm.  Another  reasonable  in- 
ference :  A  being  made  by  God  Itkc  unto  Himself  He  would  not  suffer 
to  die,  much  less  annihilate.  Such  a  being  He  would  not  make  for 
an  ephemeral,  aimless  existence. 

See  comment,  Top.  An.,  pp.  204-207. 


Christian  Life.  179 


MAN   AS    SPIRITUALLY   TRANSFORMED. 

Process  and  Results  of   Transformation  Presented 
Comprehensively  under  tJie  Heading 

CHRISTIAN    LIFE. 
INTRODUCTORY. 
1.  Scripture  Terms  Applied  to  Christian  Believers. 

Christian,  One  belonging  to  Christ  ( N.  T.).  Acts  11:26.  Dis- 
ciples called  Christians.  XI.  82.  Acts  26:28.  To  be  a  Christian.  XI. 
172.  I  Pet.  4:  16.  Suffer  as  a  Christian.  XI.  664.  Described.  2  Pet. 
3:  II.  XL  679  {HilV). 

Disciple,  Taught  or  trained  one.  (In  Gospels  and  Acts.) 
;Matt.  10:  24,  25.  Not  above  ...  as  his  Master.  X.  237. 
Matt.  12:49.  X.  191-  John  8:31.  If  ye  continue  .  ...  My  dis- 
ciples. X.  315.  John  15:8.  Bear  fruit,  so  My  disciples.  X.  491.  Love 
to  brethren  a  chief  test  and  evidence.  John  13:35.  X.  474.  i  John 
3:  14.  XL  693. 

Believer,  or  one  that  trusteth  in  Christ  (N.  T.). 

John  3:  16.  Believeth  in  Him.  X.  90.  John  11:25,  26.  He  that 
believeth  in  me  shall  never  die.  X.  348.  Acts  13 :  39.  By  Him  all  that 
believe  are  justified.  XL  97.  Rom.  i  :  16.  Gospel  power  of  God  to 
every  one  that  believeth.  XL  199.  2  Tim.  i :  12.  Know  whom  I  have 
believed.  XL  531.  i  Pet.  i  :  8.  Believing,  ye  rejoice.  XL  647.  Be- 
liever a  temple  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  i  Cor.  3 :  16.  XL  290.  Also  III. 
571.  5/2- 

Follower  (Imitator)  of  Christ   (N.  T.). 

Matt.  19:  21.  Come,  follow  Me.  X.  390.  John  8:  12.  He  that  fol- 
loweth  Me  shall  have  the  light  of  life.  X.  310,  313.  Eph.  5:1.  Be 
followers  of  God,  as  dear  children.  XL  435. 


i8o  Christian  Life. 

Servant  (Slave)  of  Christ    (N.  T.). 

John  12:26.  Where  I  am,  there  shall  My  servant  be.  X.  441. 
John  15:  15.  I  call  you  not  servants,  but  friends.  X.  493. 

Righteous,  upright  (O.  T.  chiefly). 

Ps.  5:  12.  Lord  will  bless.  IV.  67.  Ps.  11:5,  7.  IV.  98,  99.  Ps. 
15:2-5.  IV.  113.  Ps.  24:4.  IV.  189.  Ps.  34:  15.  IV.  257,  8.  Ps.  37: 
30,  31.  IV.  282.  Ps.  64:  10.  IV.  434.  Ps.  97:  II,  12.  A\  157,  8,  249, 
254.  Ps.  146:8.  Lord  loveth  the  righteous.  Prov.  4:18.  Path  as 
light.  VI.  266-8.  Prov.  14 :  32.  Hope  in  his  death.  VI.  327,  8.  Prov. 
15:29.  VI.  334.  Prov.  18:10.  Is  safe.  VI.  352.  Isa.  3:10.  It  shall 
be  well.  VIII.  30.  Isa.  33:  15.  VIII.  164,  5.  Matt.  13:43.  Shall  shine 
forth  in  the  Kingdom.  Matt.  25:37,  46.  Life  eternal.  X.  462.  (All 
"great  and  precious  promises.") 

Good  Man. 

Prov.  12:2.  Shall  obtain  favor  of  the  Lord.  Prov.  13:22.  Leav- 
eth  inheritance  to  his  children's  children.  VI.  317.  Prov.  14:  14.  Shall 
be  satisfied  from  himself.  VI.  323.  Acts  11  :  24.  Full  of  faith  and  the 
Holy  Ghost.  XI.  82.  2  Kings  4:9.  Man  of  God.  VII.  178.  Godly. 
Ps.  12:  I.  IV.  100.     Ps.  86:2.  V.  80.     2  Pet.  2:9. 

Saints.  Set  apart.  Holy,  Beloved,  or  Gracious  Ones.  (The 
term  most  frequently  used  in  both  Testaments.) 

Passages  full  of  helpful  promise:  i  Sam.  2:  9.  III.  251.  Ps.  16:  3 
IV.  118.  Ps.  31:23.  IV.  235.  Ps.  34:9.  IV.  254.  Ps.  52:9.  IV 
379.  ■  Ps.  79 :  2.  V.  48.  Ps.  85  :  8.  V.  75,  6.  Ps.  89 :  5,  7.  V.  96.  Ps 
97:10.  V.  157.  Ps.  106:16.  V.  212.  Ps.  116:15.  V.  269-276.  Ps 
132:9,  16.  V.  412,  3.  Ps.  145:10.  V.  473.  Ps.  148:14.  V.  496 
Ps.  149:  I,  9.  V.  497,  499.  Dan.  7:  18-27.  IX.  279.  Zech.  14:5.  IX 
614.  Matt.  27:52.  X.  551.  I  Cor.  1:2.  Called  to  be  saints.  XI.  278 
I  Cor.  6:2,  3.  Shall  judge  world,  angels.  XI.  296.  Eph.  4:  12.  Per- 
fecting of.  XI.  429.  Eph.  5:3.  As  becometh.  XL  436.  Phil.  4:22. 
XI.  466.  Col.  1 :  12,  26.  Inheritance  of.  XL  469,  471.  2  Thes.  i  :  10. 
Glorified  in  His  Saints.  XI.  498,  9.     Jude  3.  XL  709. 

Children,  or  Sons,  of  God. 

Ps.  103:  13.  V.  183.  Rom.  8:  15-17,  21.  XL  236-238.  i  Pet.  i: 
14.  XI.  649.  Matt.  5:9,  45.  X.  147,  154.  Luke  20:36.  X.  428.  Gal. 
3:26.  XT.  400.  Gal.  4:6.  XT.  402.  Phil.  2:  15.  XL  454.  i  John  3: 
I,  2.  Behold  what  love,  .  .  .  that  we  should  be  called  children 
of  God.     .     .     .     Now  are  we.  XL  690. 


Figures  of  Christian  Life.  i8i 

2.  Christian  Life  a  Period  of  Education  for  Future, 
Perfected  Being,  involving  a  process  of  discipline,  train- 
ing and  testing  unto  the  end. 

Some  Characteristics  and  Processes  as  represented  under 
famihar  figures,  showing  hardships,  temptations,  perils  and 
obligations,  with  methods  of  meeting,  fulfilling,  enduring  and 
overcoming. 

Life  as  a  Warfare;  the  Christian  as  a  Soldier. 

Opposing  and  assaulting  powers :  The  Flesh,  or  the  old  nature  in 
life-long  conflict  with  the  new.  i  Pet.  2:11.  James  4:1.  Fleshly 
lusts  which  war  against  the  soul.  XI.  635,  654.  Supreme  devotion  to 
worldly  associations  and  interests.  Rom.  12 : 2.  Conformed  to  this 
world.  XL  257.  2  Cor.  6:  14-18.  Come  ye  out  from  among  them.  XI. 
369.  Powers  of  darkness.  2  Cor.  10:3-5.  XI.  380.  Eph.  6:  11,  12. 
Against  the  wiles  of  the  devil.  Against  rulers,  etc.  XI.  442,  3.  James 
4:7.  Resist  the  devil.  XL  637.  i  Pet.  5 : 8,  9.  Resist  steadfast  in  the 
faith.  XL  668.  Rom.  16:20.  God  shall  bruise  Satan  under  your  feet. 
XL  275.  The  Soldier's  Armor.  Eph.  6:  14-17.  Helmet  (the  hope  of, 
I  Thes.  5:9),  Salvation;  Breastplate  of  righteousness  (faith  and  love, 

1  Thes.  5:8);  Shield  of  faith;  Girdle  (binding  all  together),  truth; 
sword  of  the  Spirit,  the  Word  of  God.  XL  443,  4.  Divine  Orders  and 
Counsels;  2  Tim.  2:3,  4.  Suffer  hardship  as  a  good  soldier  of  Jesus 
Chri.st.  XL  533.  i  Tim.  i:  18.  War  a  good  warfare,  i  -Tim.  6:  12. 
Fight  the  good  5ght  of  the  faith,  lay  hold  on  eternal  life.  XL  526. 

2  Tim.  4 :  7.  I  have  fought  the  good  fight.  Watching  and  Waiting  in 
Trust  and  Prayer,  and  standing  fast  in  the  good  fight,  is  the  order 
and  detail  of  the  Christian  Soldier's  duty.  Loyalty  to  truth  and  duty, 
and  devotion  to  the  Sovereign  and  to  the  interests  of  the  Kingdom, 
are  the  principles  that  inspire  and  sustain  him  in  the  discomfort  and 
weariness  of  camp  and  march,  and  in  the  sacrament  of  conflict,  i 
Cor.  16:  13.  Watch  ye,  stand  fast  in  the  faith,  quit  you  like  men,  be 
strong.  XL  344.  Eph.  6:  10,  11.  Be  strong  in  the  Lord.  Put  on  the 
whole  armor  of  God.  XL  442,  3.  O.  T.  Texts:  Ex.  14:  13.  2  Chron. 
20:  T5-17.  VII.  294.  2  Sam.  to:  t2.  III.  407.  i  Kings  2:2.  III.  481. 
Josh.  1:6,  8.  III.  38,  40.  Christ  the  Captain.  Josh.  5:  14.  III.  58-60. 
Heb.  2:  10.  XL  560. 

Life  as  a  competitive  Contest;  the  Christian  as  an  Athlete,    seeking 
the  crown-laurel  in  the  Games. 

Chief  passages  and  points:  i  Cor.  9:  24-27.  XL  307.     Phil.  3:  12- 


1 82  Christian  Experience. 

14.  XL  459,  460.     Heb.  12:  I,  2.  XI.  603-605.     2  Tim.  2:5.  XI.  533. 
2  Tim.  4:7.  XL  541.     Allusions:  Gal.  2:2;  5:7.     Phil.  2:16. 

Life  as  a  Journey  or  Pilgrimage;  the  Christian  a  Pilgrim,  Sojourner. 

Lev.  25:23.  II.  425.     Ps.  39:  12.  IV.  294.     Ps.   119:  19.  Y.  296. 

Ps.  119:  54.  V.  310,  311.     Heb.  II :  13.  XL  599.     i  Pet.  2:  11.  XL  654. 

Life  as  a  Trust,  Stewardship  to  be  Accounted  for;  the  Christian 
a  Trustee,  Tradesman,  Steward. 

Luke  12:42,  48.'  X.  199,  200.  Luke  16:2-4,  11.  X.  373-375.  Luke 
19:  13.  X.  402.  I  Cor.  4:  I,  2.  XL  292.  I  Thes.  2:4.  XL  487.  i  Tim. 
6:20.  2  Tim.  1:12-14.  2  Tim.  4:7.  Kept  the  faith,  i  Pet.  4:10. 
Job  34:  II.  VI.  179. 

Life  as  a  Witnessing  or  Testimony  for  God,  for  His  truth  and  His 
claims.  The  Christian  a  Witness  in  life  and  character,  an  Epistle  of 
Christ,  a  Light-bearer. 

Ps.  66:  16.  IV.  444.  Isa.  43:  10.  Ye  are  My  witnesses.  VIII.  226. 
Luke  24:48.  Acts  1:8.  X.  580.  Acts  4:13,  33.  XL  10.  32,  36.  2 
Cor.  3:2,  3.  Epistle  of  Christ.  XL  353.  Matt.  5:  14-16.  Ye  the  light 
of  the  world.  X.  147,  8.  Phil.  2:  15.  Lights  in  the  world.  XL  454. 
I  Thes.  5:  5.  Sons  of  light.  XL  495. 

Other  Minor  Figures  applied  to  Believers. 

Members  of  Christ's  Body.  Eph.  5 :  30.  Temple  of  God.  i  Cor. 
3:  16.  Builders.  Matt.  7:24.  X.  169.  i  Thes.  5:  11.  XL  495.  "Liv- 
ing stones  in  a  Spiritual  house."  i  Pet.  2 :  5.  XL  653.  "  Kings  and 
Priests  unto  God,"  implying  the  highest  service  as  well  as  place,  i  Pet. 
2:5,  9.  Eph.  2:20-22.  XL  421.  Rev.  1:6.  XL  653.  Citizens  of 
heaven.  Phil.  3:20.  XL  461.     Fellozv  Helpers.  3  John  8.     Phil.  4:3. 

In  all  these  Relations  and  Conditions  God's  guidance,  help  and 
deliverance  are  assured  to  the  Christian. 


CHRISTIAN    EXPERIENCE.       I.  Inauguration.       II. 
Progress.     III.  Assured    Results    and    Limitations. 

I.  Inauguration  of  the  New  Spiritual  Life.  The  Agents, 

Means  and  Results  of  the  Vital  Change  in  Spiritual  Character  and 
Condition:  The  Agents  are  God,  Whose  action  is  efficient  and  initia- 
tive,  and    Man,   whose   agency   is   conditional    and   responsive.     The 


Inauguration.  183 

Means  are  the  Revealed  Word  made  clear  and  impressive  by  the  Holy 
Spirit,  together  with  man's  heedful  attention,  willing  reception  and 
heartfelt  response  to  its  gracious  recjuirements.  The  Results  are 
man's  turning  back  to  God  by  reversing  the  course  of  his  life-control- 
ling estimates,  affections,  desires  and  choices,  from  self-loving  and 
seeking  to  supreme  love  and  devotion  to  God;  this  reversal  achieved 
only  and  surely  under  the  efficient  leading  and  drawing  of  the  Holy 
Spirit.  The  Scriptural  terms  applied  to  man's  action  in  this  radical 
change  are  Mctanoia  (misrendered  Repentance),  meaning  change  of 
mind,  heart,  ivill,  life  and  Conversion,  or  turning  back  to  God,  both 
of  which,  the  inward  change  and  the  actual  turning,  are  demanded  by 
God  from  man  as  his  own  willing  act.  The  efficient,  vital  influence 
of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  the  renewal  and  transformation  of  the  willing 
human  spirit,  is  Scripturally  represented  under  the  terms  Regenera- 
tion, or  New  Creation  from  above. 

Man's  part  in  the  process  of  Spiritual  Transformation: 

Attention  to  and  reflection  upon  the  truth  "  able  to  make  wise 
unto  salvation."  Ps.  119:  59.  I  thought  and  turned.  V.  312.  Isa.  55: 
2,  3.  Vni.  30T.  Heb.  2:  I.  XI.  559.  Glad  reception  and  heart  belief 
of  this  truth,  under  the  illumining  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  Acts  16: 
14.  Whose  heart  the  Lord  opened  to  give  heed  unto  the  things  spoken. 
XI.  113.  Decision  to  surrender  mind,  heart,  and  will,  under  the  same 
gracious  influence.  Acts  9 :  6.  What  wilt  Thou  have  me  to  do  ?  XI.  63. 
171.  Luke  15:  17-20.  X.  370.  X.  650,  I.  Vs.  22.  Coincident  with  the 
choice  or  decision,  and  under  the  same  gracious  influence,  is  the  act 
of  penitent  surrender,  the  actual  change  of  mind  or  "  uietanoia  toward 
God"  (Acts  20:21),  together  with  "faith  toivard  the  Lord  Jesus 
Christ."  This  faitJi,  which  is  also  a  vital  element  in  man's  "  v/ork- 
ing,"  means  heart  confidence  in  Christ  the  God-man,  and  reliance  upon 
His  one  perfect  sacrificial  offering  for  sin,  whereby  the  trusting  man 
is  pardoned  and  the  pardoned  man  is  justified  by  God  Himself  as 
against  all  demands  of  a  holy  but  broken  law,  and  is  henceforth  to 
be  reckoned  and  treated  as  righteous,  by  reason  of  the  righteousness 
of  his  Divine  Ransomer  and  Substitute.  While  justification  is  "  the 
form.al  act  of  God  by  which  one  is  admitted  to  the  Christian  life,"  yet 
faith,  the  condition  of  this  admission,  is  developed  and  exercised  under 
a  Divine  leading  and  influence.  So  it  is  that  in  all  stages  of  the 
great  spiritual  transformation,  man's  part  is  performed  under  the 
gracious  breathings,  the  helpful  suggestions  and  the  prompting  ap- 
peals of  the  Spirit  of  God.  Repentance  and  Faith  fully  treated  on 
pages  74,  78. 


184  Christian  Experience. 

Work  of  the  Holy  Spirit, 

crowning  His  illumining  and  drawing  influence,  in  the  production 
of  a  vital  spiritual  change  in  the  willing,  penitent,  believing  man. 
This  is  explicitly  declared  in  the  words,  "  born  anew,  or  from  above," 
"  born  of  the  Spirit."  John  3 :  3-8.  X.  88.  Titus  3 :  5.  Renewing  of 
the  Holy  Ghost.  XL  551.  VH.  201.  Ezek.  11:19;  36:26.  IX.  56, 
155-157-  I  Cor.  5:  17.  New  creation.  XI.  365.  i  Cor.  6:  11.  Sancti- 
fied, justified  in  name  of  Christ  and  by  the  Spirit.  XI.  297.  Through 
the  truth,  acting  upon  the  reason,  conscience  and  heart.  2  Thes.  2:  13, 
14.  Chosen  to  salvation,  through  sanctification  of  the  Spirit,  and  belief 
of  the  truth.  XI.  502.  James  i :  18.  XI.  624.  i  Pet.  i :  23.  Begotten 
through  the  word  of  God.  XL  651.     See  Sanctification,  p.  89. 

Effects  Divinely  Wrought 

in  the  changed  believing  man  by  reason  of  God's  Acts  of  formal  Justi- 
fication and  spiritual  Regeneration,  comprising  all  precious  and  satis- 
fying elements  of  heart-experience.  Paul  calls  them  the  "  Fruit  of 
the  Spirit."  Gal.  5 :  22,  23.  Love,  joy,  peace,  long-suffering,  kindness, 
goodness,  faithfulness,  meekness,  self-control.  XL  407,  8.  Rom.  8:7. 
XL  234.     Col.  3:  12-15.  X^-  479-     ^  P^t.  1:3-9.  XL  645-648. 

II.  Continuity  of  the  Renewing  or  Sanctifying  Pro- 
cess, and  Progress  of  the  New  Created  Spiritual  Life. 

Llere  also  are  the  same  Agents  and  methods  of  action,  the  same  de- 
mand of  God  to  "  work  out  our  own  salvation,"  "  to  keep  ourselves 
in  the  love  of  God  "  (Jude  21),  and  the  same  sure  pledge  that  "  God 
worketh  in  us  to  will  and  to  do,"  Phil.  2:12;  that  He  will  '"shed 
abroad  His  love  in  our  hearts  by  the  Holy  Spirit."  Rom.  5:5.  So 
with  reference  to  purity,  i  Tim.  5:22.  i  Pet.  1:22.  Rom.  8:13. 
And  to  perfection.  Matt.  5:48  and  Heb.  13:21.  Here  also  the  same 
means,  the  Word  of  truth,  through  which  we  are  sanctified.  John  17: 
17.  X.  536.  I  Pet.  2:2.  XL  653.  2  Pet.  1:4.  To  the  word  may  be 
added  the  ordinances  of  worship,  the  opportunities  of  fellowship  and 
effects  of  service,  which  pertain  to  the  new  Christian  Life.  Wor- 
ship, Fellowship  and  Work,  like  the  truths  and  promises  of  the  Word, 
not  only  bring  privilege  and  blessing,  but  in  their  daily  practice  are 
eminent  means  of  spiritual  growth,  progress  and  efficiency,  by  stimu- 
lating all  high  and  holy  desires,  affections  and  aims  to  more  vigorous 
and  fruitful  exercise  and  to  larger  results.  Furthermore,  we  know 
that  spiritual  life,  like  all  other  life,  is  dependent  upon  its  own  un- 
ceasing energy  and  productiveness.  James  2 :  26.  As  the  body  apart 


Continuity  and  Progress.  185 

from  the  spirit  is  dead,  so  faith  apart  from  (its  own  proper)  works 
is  dead.     Matt.  7:  16;  21:20. 

Hence  the  Divine  command  to  activity,  growth,  progress  in  the 
'Christian  life  finds  direct,  full  and  frequent  expression  under  mani- 
fold forms  and  often  with  promise  attached.  Ex.  14:  15.  Go  forward. 
II.  48.  Hosea  6:3.  Follow  on  to  know  the  Lord,  and  He  shall 
come  to  us,  etc.  IX.  353-355.  2  Pet.  3:  18.  Grow  in  the  grace  and 
knowledge  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  XL  679,  680. 
Eph.  4:  16.  Grow  up  in  all  things  into  Christ.  XL  429,  430.  Phil. 
3:13,  14.  Forgetting  the  things  behind  and  stretching  forward  to 
the  things  before,  press  on  toward  the  goal.  XL  459,  460.  Heb.  6:  i. 
Press  on  to  perfection.  XL  574.  Col.  i  :  10.  Increasing  in  knowledge 
of  God.  XL  469.  I  Thes.  3:12.  Increase  and  abound  in  love.  2 
Thes.  I  :  3.  Faith  groweth  exceedingly.  Jer.  12 :  2.  Grow,  bring  forth 
fruit.  VIII.  452.  John  15:5.  He  that  abideth  in  Me  bringeth  forth 
fruit.  X.  489.  Judges  8:4.  Faint  yet  pursuing.  III.  220.  2  Pet.  i: 
5-8.  XL  671,  2.     Phil.  4:8.  XL  464.  XL  661.  2d  parag. 

Accompanying  these  Divine  commands  to  movement  and  progress 
we  find  many  promises  and  encouragements  of  the  sanctifying  Spirit 
in  behalf  of  the  earnest,  though  weak  and  weary.  Christian.  Deut. 
33:25.  As  thy  days,  so  shall  thy  strength  be.  II.  735.  Job  17:9. 
Wax  stronger  and  stronger.  YL  103.  Ps.  84:7.  They  go  from 
strength  to  strength.  V.  69.  Ps.  103:13,  14.  Pitieth,  rememberelh 
that  we  are  dust.  V.  183,  4.  Matt.  26:41.  Spirit  willing  but  the 
flesh  weak.  James  1:5.  Upbraideth  not.  i  Cor.  10:13.  Will  with 
the  temptation  also  mak^  the  way  of  escape,  that  ye  may  be  able  to 
endure.  XL  310.  2  Cor.  4:  16.  Our  inward  man  is  renewed  day  by 
day.  XL  360.  2  Cor.  3:  18.  Transformed  into  the  same  image  from 
glory  to  glory  by  the  Spirit.  XL  355.  i  Thes.  5 :  23.  The  God  of 
peace  Himself  sanctify  you  wholly.  XL  497.  Isa.  40:31.  They  that 
wait  upon  the  Lord  shall  renew  their  strength,  shall  nm  and  not  be 
weary.  VIII.  211,  2.  Matt.  25:29.  Unto  every  one  that  hath  shall 
be  given,  and  he  shall  have  abundance.  Other  and  abounding  texts : 
Deliverance.  Ps.  41 :  i ;  91 :  14,  15.  2  Cor.  i :  10.  2  Pet.  2:  9.  Guid- 
ance. Ps.  32:8;  48:14;  73:24.  John  16:13.  Girding.  Ps.  18:32, 
39.  I  Pet.  1:5.  Indwelling.  John  14:17.  Rom.  8:11.  i  Cor.  3: 
16.  2  Cor.  6:16.  Eph.  3:17.  2  Tim.  1:14.  The  Holy  Spirit's 
■"  daily  renewing "  enlarges  the  believer's  knowledge  of  the  heart  of 
God  as  revealed  in  the  willing  Self-offering  of  His  Son.  And  the 
Spirit's  inwrought  conviction  of  the  "  love  of  God  in  Christ  Jesus  " 
imparts  fervor  and  steadfastness  to  the  believer's  faith  and  love,  and 
thus  increases  his  spiritual  growth  and  fruitfulness. 


1 86  Christian  Experience — Results. 

III.  Assured  Results.    Present  Limitations. 
Complete  Attainments,  Present  and  Abiding. 

(i)  Justification,  God's  own  act,  whereby  the  believer  in  Christ 
has  an  accepted  standing  before  the  holy  Law,  is  reckoned  and  treated 
as  righteous  solely  through  the  perfect  righteousness  and  vicarious 
self-offering  of  the  God-Man  Christ  Jesus.  Rom.  6:  14.  Ye  are  not 
under  law,  but  under  grace.  XI.  225.  Rom.  8:1-4.  No  condemna- 
tion, etc.  XI.  232,  3.  Gal.  5:  18.  Fruits  of  justification.  Rom.  5:  i- 
5.  XI.  214-216.  See  p.  57.  (2)  Nczv  Creation,  or  spiritual  re-crea- 
tion, God's  sole  act,  aiding  and  assuring  man's  (metanoia)  radical 
change  of  mind  and  life,  and  efficiently  producing  the  new  spiritual 
life.  Eph.  2:  I.  John  3:3.  5.  See  p.  89.  (3)  Adoption,  God's  act 
of  restoring  to  the  believing,  justified,  and  renewed  man  all  the  privi- 
leges and  claims  of  childship.  Rom.  8:14-16.  XL  236.  Gal.  13:26; 
4:4-6.  See  p.  63.  (4)  Present  Salvation,  or  the  Time-stage  of 
Eternal  Redemption.  No  clearly  asserted  Scripture  truth  is  so  im- 
perfectly discerned  and  so  inadequately  appreciated,  none  so  feebly 
grasped  and  realized,  as  this.  Yet  for  every  end  of  Christian  living 
and  growth  this  truth  demands  thorough  apprehension  and  ever  in- 
stant realization.  The  Scripture  mood  and  tense  always  affirm  an 
already  accomplished  salvation,  in  sharp  contrast  with  half-hearted 
expressions  of  hope  and  even  of  prayer,  so  often  heard  from  the 
good,  here  and  now  really  saved.  We  read  only  the  words  "hath" 
and  "  are,"  and  they  are  many.  "  Hath  everlasting  life."  X.  91,  94. 
He  that  hath  the  Son,  hath  life,  i  Cor.  i:  18;  15:2;  6:  11.  Ye  are 
saved,  sanctified,  justified,  etc.  Eph.  2:5.  By  grace  ye  are  saved,  i 
John  3 :  2,  14.  Now  are  we  children  of  God.  Have  passed  from  death 
unto  life,  i  John  5:12,  13.  XL  701,  2.  Col.  3:3.  Our  life  is  hid 
with  Christ.     Read  first  note.  XL  419. 

These  Assured  Abiding  Results,  Justification  by  faith,  with  its 
fruitage  of  inward  graces  of  the  Spirit,  Regeneration  or  New  Crea- 
tion, Adoption  or  reacknowledged  childship,  and  Present  Salvation, 
all  pertain  to  Christian  Experience  as  known  and  consciously  realized 
facts,  bringing  rest  and  satisfaction  to  the  soul.  But  underlying  these 
results,  the  sole  foundation  and  source  of  rest  and  peace,  the  one  vital 
reality  and  all-inclusive  element  of  the  believing,  saved  soul's  experi- 
ence here  and  forever,  is  the  Union  or  Oneness  of  Christ  and  the 
Believer.  This  truth  of  truths  is  found  in  many  forms  of  expres- 
sion, chiefly  under  the  characteristic  phrases:  In  Christ,  with  Christ. 
Like  Him,  Christ  in  you.  etc.,  and  may  be  summed  up,  Col.  2:  10.  Ye 
are  complete  in  Him.  XL  474.  See  pp.  67-69. 


Flesh  and  Spirit.  187 

Present  Limitations  of  Christian  Experience. 

Partly  from  imperfect  knowledge  of  God  and  intermitting  fcllozv- 
ship  with  Him.  i  Cor.  13:12.  Now  we  see  darkly,  know  in  part. 
XI.  326.  We  fail  to  "  set  the  Lord  always  before  us  "'  and  to  ''  abide  " 
and  "  commune  with  "  Him,  as  we  may.  Hence  the  measure  of  our 
desire  and  of  His  giving  is  reduced,  and  we  are  weakened,  discom- 
forted and  unable  to  do  the  good  and  resist  the  evil,  as  we  would. 

But  chiefly  are  we  straitened  in  spiritual  progress  and  attainment 
by  imperfect  obedience  and  sanciification.  The  heart  may  be  true, 
the  judgment  and  conscience  in  accord  with  God  and  His  law,  and 
the  will  set  to  obedience,  because  the  man  is  "  begotten  of  God  and 
His  seed  abideth  in  him"  (i  John  3:9),  yet  so  long  as  the  remnants 
of  the  old  nature  still  inwardly  warring  are  stimulated  and  enforced 
by  temptations  and  tempers  without  and  within,  so  long  the  conflict 
must  be  carried  on  by  the  new  nature,  and  successive  conquests  of 
evil  and  progress  in  good  attained  only  by  the  might  of  Christ  and 
}Iis  Spirit  exerted  in  our  behalf. 

We  emphasize  and  expand  this  vitally  practical  theme  under  the 
Head : 

FLESH   AND   SPIRIT. 
I.  Flesh: 

The  entire  Unrenewed  Man,  including  mind,  heart,  will  and  body. 
Equivalent  Terms:  Natural  (animal,  sensuous)  man;  Old  man  (in 
contrast  with  New  or  renewed  man)  ;  Carnal  mind,  or  mind  of  the 
flesh.  Comprehensively,  the  man  in  whom  the  intellectual  aims  and 
pursuits,  the  emotional  and  passionate  nature,  the  motives  and  choices 
of  the  will,  and  the  bodily  appetites,  are  all  supremely  directed  and 
exercised  in  the  exclusive  interest  and  gratification  of  self,  in  utter 
disregard  of  God,  and  in  disobedience  of  His  Law  of  righteousness 
and  love. 

John  3 :  6.  Born  of  the  flesh  is  flesh.  X.  88.  Rom.  8 :  5.  They 
after  the  flesh  mind  the  things  of  the  flesh.  XL  234.  Rom.  7:  18.  Li 
my  flesh  dwelleth  no  good  thing.  XL  225-231.  i  Cor.  2:  14.  Natural 
man  receiveth  not  the  things  of  the  Spirit.  XL  287.  Jude  19,  2^. 
Sensual,  having  not  the  Spirit.  XL  710.  Eph.  2:3.  Doing  the  de- 
sires of  the  flesh  and  of  the  mind.  XL  419.  i  John  2:  16.  Lust  of 
the  flesh,  etc.  XL  687.     2  Cor.  7:  i.  Filthiness  of  the  flesh.  XL  369. 

Rom.    3:20.  No   flesh    shall    be   justified.  XL    209.     Gal.    2:16.. 


1 88  Flesh  and  Spirit. 

Rom.  8:6,  8,  13.  Carnally  minded  is  death.  If  ye  live  after  the 
flesh  ye  shall  die.  XI.  234.  Rom.  7:5.  In  flesh  the  motions  of  sin, 
fruit  unto  death.  Gal.  6:8,  14.  Soweth  to  flesh  reap  corruption.  XI. 
409,  411. 

Works  of  the  Flesh.  Mark  7:21,  22.  Evil  thoughts,  fornications, 
thefts,  murders,  adulteries,  covetings,  wickednesses,  deceits,  lascivi- 
ousness,  an  evil  eye,  railing,  pride,  foolishness — all  these  evil  things 
proceed  from  within.  Gal  5:  19.  The  works  of  the  flesh  are  these: 
Adultery,  fornication,  uncleanness,  lasciviousness,  idolatry,  hatred, 
variance,  wrath,  strife,  heresies,  envyings,  murders,  drunkenness, 
revelings,   and   such  like.  XI.  406,  408.     Col.   3 :  5-7.     Titus  3 :  3. 

[The  Scriptures  make  the  clearest  distinction  between  body  and 
ficsli,  representing  the  former  as  the  work  of  God  and  the  temple  of 
the  Holy  Ghost,  but  the  latter  as  the  perversion  of  a  nature  in  itself 
originally  good,  as  the  selfish,  sinful  principle.     P.  Schaff.'] 

II.  Spirit: 

As  used  in  antithesis  with  flesh,  refers  to  the  man  renewed  by 
the  Holy  Spirit,  and  includes  the  entire  intellectual,  emotional  and 
moral  nature.  Hence  the  equivalent  terms :  New  Man,  New  creature 
or  creation.  Spiritual  and  Spiritually  minded,  or  having  the  mind 
of  the  Holy   Spirit. 

John  3:6.  Born  of  the  Spirit  is  spirit.  X.  88.  Rom.  8:1-5. 
Walk  after  the  Spirit.  Mind  things  of  the  Spirit.  XI.  232-234.  Eph. 
2:  10.  Created  in  Christ  Jesus.  XI.  421.  Eph.  4:24.  The  new  man, 
created  in  righteousness  and  holiness  of  truth.  XI.  432,  3.  2  Cor.  5 : 
17.  In  Christ  a  new  creature  (creation).  XI.  365.  Gal.  6:  15.  New 
creature.  XI.  413.  Gal.  5 :  23,  24.  Crucified  the  flesh.  XI.  405-408. 
Rom.  6:6.  Old  man  is  crucified.  XI.  224.  Col.  3:9,  10.  Have  put 
on  the  new  man.  XI.  478.  Heb.  6:4.  Made  partakers  of  the  Holy 
Ghost.     2  Pet.  1 : 4.  Partakers  of  the  Divine  nature. 

Rom.  8:7.  To  be  spiritually  minded  (to  have  the  mind  of  the 
Spirit)  is  life  and  peace.  XL  234.  Rom.  8:  13.  If  through  the  Spirit 
ye  mortify  the  deeds  of  the  body  ye  shall  live.  XI.  235. 

Fruit  of  the  Spirit, 

Gal.  5:22,  2T,.  Love,  joy,  peace,  long-suffering,  kindness,  good- 
ness, faithfulness,  meekness,  self-control.  XL  407,  8.  Under  form 
of  command.  Col.  3:  12-15.  -^  heart  of  compassion,  kindness,  humil- 
ity, meekness,  long-suffering,  forbearing  and  forgiving,  love  and 
peace.  XL  479.     i  Pet.  i :  3-9.  XL  645-648. 


Flesh  and  Spirit.  189 

III.  Flesh  and  Spirit: 

The  Old  (Human)  Nature  and  the  New  (Divinely  inwrought) 
Nature  in  life-long  conflict. 

Gal.  5:17.  The  flesh  lusteth  against  the  Spirit  and  the  Spirit 
against  the  flesh.  XI.  407,  8.  i  Pet.  2:11.  Fleshly  lusts  war  against 
the  soul.  XI.  654.  Rom.  7:  15-25.  What  I  would,  I  do  not,  what  I 
hate,  that  I  do.  XI.  225-231.  Matt.  26:41.  Spirit  is  willing,  but  the 
flesh  is  weak.  X.  514.  2  Cor.  7:5.  Without  fightings,  within  fears. 
XI.  371.  I  Cor.  9:27.  I  keep  under  my  body.  XI.  307.  Gal.  6:  14. 
By  the  cross  the  world  is  crucified  to  me  and  I  to  the  world.  XI.  409, 
412,  413.'    See   V.   165.  XI.  478. 

The  greatest  hindrance  to  the  believer's  entire  surrender  and 
simple  trust  is  the  old  self.  Only  as  the  natural  man  is  crucified 
with  Christ  is  the  new  self,  the  spiritual  man,  with  all  his  God-given 
capacities  for  devotion  and  service,  set  free  for  a  complete  surrender 
to  God,  and  offered  "  as  a  living  sacrifice,  holy  and  acceptable  to  God  " 
(Rom.  12:1).  And  though  the  old  self  will  continue  to  exert  its 
hindering  force  upon  the  new  long  as  the  believer  lives,  still,  under 
the  mastering  might  of  "  the.  Spirit  of  life  in  Christ,"  it  can  be  so  kept 
in  its  crucifixion  place  and  under  its  sentence  of  death  that  it  shall 
never  again  obtain  dominion  over  him.  Sadly  true  it  is  that  from 
unwatch fulness  and  from  weakness  engendered  by  past  habitual  self- 
indulgence,  the  believer,  under  an  occasional  sore  temptation  "  over- 
taken in  a  trespass"  (Gal.  6:1).  is  subjected  to  the  temporary  con- 
trol of  the  old  nature.  But  so  soon  as  the  new  nature,  under  the 
restoring  grace  of  the  creative  Spirit,  penitently  retraces  its  steps,  its 
power  is  re-established  over  the  soul  through  the  inworking  of  the 
restored  Christ-life.  In  view  of  these  vital  facts  of  his  daily  experi- 
ence the  believer  is  called,  not  only  to  unsleeping  trust  and  conse- 
cration, but  to  ceaseless  vigilance,  prayer  and  resistant  struggle  at 
every  point  of  exposure  to  old  weaknesses  and  temptations.  Above 
all  should  his  supreme  unceasing  desire,  aim  and  petition  be  that 
Christ  should  fill  the  place  and  exert  the  control  of  the  expelled  self 
within  his  whole  spiritual  being.  In  the  precious  assuring  words  of 
the  inspired  apostle,  that  "  Christ  may  abide  in  his  heart  by  faith  and 
may  be  formed  within  him  the  hope  of  glory:"  that  Christ  may  be 
his  "life." 

IV.  Counsels  and  Commands. 

I  Cor.  6:  15,  20.  Glorify  God  in  your  body.  Rom.  13:  14.  Make 
no  provision  for  the  flesh.  XI.  263-265.   001.3:5.  Mortify  (make  dead) 


I  go  Flesh  and  Spirit. 

your  members  upon  the  earth.  XI.  478.  Gal.  5 :  16,  18.  Walk  by  the 
Spirit  and  ye  shall  not  fulfill  the  lust  of  the  flesh.  XI.  406.  Eph.  5 : 
18.  Be  filled  with  the  Spirit.  XI.  437.  If,  under  the  assured  help  of 
the  Spirit,  mind,  heart  and  will  are  steadfastly  engaged  in  what  is 
pure,  right,  true  and  good,  all  that  is  wrong,  false,  impure  and  evil 
will  be  expelled  and  lose  control.  Titus  2:  12.  Denying  worldly  lusts, 
live  soberly,  etc.  XI.  547,  8.  i  Pet.  i :  14.  Not  according  to  former 
lusts.  XL  649.  I  Pet.  4:2.  No  longer  live  in  the  flesh.  XI.  662. 
Eph,  4 :  22,  23.  Put  away  the  old  man,  and  put  on  the  new  man.  XI. 
432.  Mark  2:21.  X.  224.  Col.  3:5-10.  XI.  478.  See  also  XL  409, 
478,  523.  Gal.  6:  14.  XI.  409.  Ps.  38:  19.  IV.  287,  8.  Ps.  42:  5.  IV. 
313-315.  Ps.  99:  V.  165.  Ps.  119:25.  V.  298.  Rom.  8:13.  If  ye 
live  after  the  flesh  ye  must  die;  but  if  by  the  Spirit  ye  mortify  (make 
to  die)  the  doings  of  the  body,  ye  shall  live.  XL  235. 

Mortifying,  or  making  to  die,  the  flesh;  that  is,  determinedly  set- 
ting all  the  energy  of  the  soul  into  sharp  and  persistent  resistance  to 
the  natural  motions  of  self-will  and  selfish  passion  excited  and  de- 
veloped under  the  impulse  of  temptation;  putting  forth  this  deter- 
mined resistance  day  by  day  with  the  desire  and  purpose,  in  reliance 
upon  the  Spirit  of  God,  of  ultimately  crushing  the  very  life  of  the 
old  self-will  and  the  once  dominant  "  fleshly  "  and  worldly  "  lusts  " 
— this,  and  nothing  less  than  this,  is  our  lifelong  work  and  warfare, 
a  toil  and  conflict  lightened  and  sustained  to  the  end  by  the  assured 
inworking  of  God  Himself  for  present  deliverance  and  ultimate  vic- 
tory. This  is  our  "  crucifixion  with  Christ."  Thus,  through  the 
accompanying  Divine  renewing  energy,  we  become  "  dead  to  sin  " 
and  alive  to  Christ,  so  that  we  can  say,  "  I  live,  yet  not  I,  but  Christ 
liveth  in  me." 

[If  a  Christian,  you  have  a  double  life.  There  is  Christ,  with  His 
power,  with  His  Spirit,  giving  you  a  nature  which  is  pure  and  sin- 
less; incapable  of  transgression,  like  His  own.  The  new  man,  that 
which  is  born  of  God,  sinneth  not,  can  not  sin.  But  side  by  side  with 
it,  working  through  it,  working  in  it,  indistinguishable  from  it  to 
your  consciousness  by  anything  but  this,  that  the  one  works  right- 
eousness and  the  other  works  transgression — there  is  the  "  old  man." 
"  the  flesh,"  "  the  old  Adam,"  your  own  godless,  independent,  selfish, 
proud  being.  And  the  one  is  to  slay  the  other !  Ah.  these  words — 
crucifying,  casting  out  the  old  man,  plucking  out  the  right  eye.  maim- 
ing self  of  the  right  hand,  mortifying  the  deeds  of  the  body — they 
are  something  very  much  deeper  and  more  awful  than  symbols  and 
metaphors.  They  teach  us  this — there  is  no  growth  without  sore 
sorrow.     Conflict  is  the  word  that  defines  man's  path  from  darkness 


Christian  Character.  191 

into  light.  No  holiness  is  won  by  any  other  means  than  this,  that 
wickedness  should  be  slain  day  by  day  and  hour  by  hour.  In  long, 
lingering  agony  often,  with  the  blood  of  the  heart  pouring  out  at  every 
quivering  vein,  you  are  to  cut  right  through  the  life  and  being  of 
that  sinful  self;  to  get  rid  by  crucifying  and  slaying — a  long  and 
painful  process — of  your  own  sinful  self.     A.  Maclarcn.] 


CHRISTIAN    CHARACTER. 

Character  may  be  defined  as  both  the  sum  and  the  product  of  the 
mental  and  moral  forces  actuating  a  man's  daily  living.  In  other 
words.  Character  consists  in  the  aggregate  of  a  man's  life-ruling  esti- 
mates, desires,  motives,  aims  and  purposes,  together  with  the  per- 
manent effects  wrought  by  these  (estimates,  etc.)  in  actual  living 
upon  the  moral  and  spiritual  nature.  These  effects  may  be  indicated 
by  a  man's  expressed  moral  sentiments,  tastes  and  judgments,  by  his 
preferences  of  persons  and  books,  as  well  as  by  his  deportment  and 
dealings  in  the  home,  and  in  business  and  social  life.  The  will  and 
the  conscience  are  the  immediately  determining  factors  of  the  prod- 
uct we  call  character,  acting  upon  real  experiences  and  upon  recog- 
nized high  ideals.  The  practical  point  to  be  noted  is  that  every  man 
builds  his  own  character  and  is  responsible  for  the  result,  o;i  one  side 
with  the  help  of  God  and  good  men,  on  the  other  under  the  tempta- 
tion of  Satan  and  evil  men.  And  every  man  contributes  to  the  build- 
ing of  the  character  of  those  with  whom  he  is  brought  into  associa- 
tion. Further,  while  the  building  of  character  is  a  life-process,  at  the 
end  of  this  life  the  completed  structure,  good  or  evil,  abides  un- 
changed forever. 

Christian  character  may  be  defined:  the  sum  of  the  believer's 
Ruling  Estimates.,  Desires,  Aims  and  Motives  respecting  God  and 
Duty.  Its  elements  are  supreme  reverence  and  love  to  God,  with  an 
ttnquestioning  submission  and  consecration  to  His  will.  These  simple 
■elements  interpret  the  meaning  and  exhaust  the  fulfillment  of  "  the 
first  and  great  commandment.  Thou  shalt  love  the  Lord  thy  God  w^ith 
all  thy  heart,  and  with  all  thy  soul,  and  with  all  thy  mind  "  (Matt.  22: 
37-39);  while  they  supply  the  ground  and  motive  for  "the  second, 
which  is  like  unto  it.  Thou  shalt  love  thy  neighbor  as  thyself."  X. 
430,  I.  These  elements  of  fear  and  love,  of  obedience  and  devotion 
to  God,  in  actual  control  of  the  believer's  judgment  and  heart,  con- 
science and  will,  constitute  the  vital  roots  of  Christian  character. 


192 


Christian  Walk. 


And  from  these  spring  all  fruits  in  the  life  demanded  by  and  accept- 
able to  God,  and  helpful  to  man.  Their  substance,  too,  is  infolded  in 
"The  Preacher's"  summary  charge:  Eccles.  12:13.  Fear  God  and 
keep  His  commandments,  for  this  is  the  whole  of  man.  See  also 
Deut.  5:29;  10:12;  13:4.  Josh.  24:14.  I  Sam.  12:24.  Ps.  1:3. 
IV.  44,  2d  col.     Ps.  115:  II.     Prov.  3:7. 


CHRISTIAN    WALK    OR    CONDUCT. 

This  is  Christian  Character  in  exercise  and  development.  It  is 
the  process  of  spiritual  life  carried  on  by  and  within  the  reverent, 
loving,  obedient  and  consecrated  believer.  This  broad,  intensely  per- 
sonal theme  is  largely  treated  in  both  Testaments,  (i)  in  summary 
statements,  and  (2)  in  manifold  detailed  points  of  spiritual  experi- 
ence. 

1.  Summaries  of  Christian  Living:   Micah  6:8.  What 

doth  the  Lord  require  of  thee  but  to  do  justly,  to  love  mercy,  and  to 
walk  humbly  with  thy  God.  IX.  483-487.  Hosea  12:6.  Turn  to  thy 
God,  keep  mercy  and  judgment,  and  wait  on  thy  God  continually.  IX. 
372.  Zeph.  2 :  3.  Seek  the  Lord,  seek  righteousness,  seek  meekness. 
IX.  529.  Isa.  64:5.  Thou  meetest  him  that  rejoiceth  and  worketh 
righteousness,  those  that  remember  Thee  in  Thy  ways.  VHI.  371. 
Job  22 :  26-29.  Delight  thyself  in  God ;  make  thy  prayer  unto  Him. 
VI.  129-131.  Ps.  15:2-4.  Walketh  uprightly,  worketh  righteousness, 
and  speaketh  truth  in  his  heart.  IV.  113.  114.  Ps.  24:4,  5.  Clean 
hands  and  a  pure  heart.  IV.  189,  190.  See  also  I.  224.  235.  Tit.  2: 
12.  Denying  ungodliness  and  worldly  lusts,  we  should  live  soberly 
and  righteously  and  godly  in  this  present  world.  XI.  548.  James  i  : 
27.  Pure  religion  is,  to  visit  the  fatherless  and  widows,  and  to  keep 
himself  unspotted  from  the  world.  XI.  626.  2  Pet.  i  :  5-8.  Adding 
all  diligence,  in  your  faith  supply  courage,  knowledge,  self-control, 
patience,  godliness,  brotherly  kindness,  love.  XI.  671,  2.  Phil.  4:8. 
Whatsoever  things  are  true,  honorable,  just,  pure,  lovely,  of  good 
report,  think  on  these  things.  XI.  463,  4.  Jude  20.  Building  up  your- 
selves on  your  most  holy  faith,  praying  in  the  Holy  Spirit,  keep  your- 
selves in  the  love  of  God.  XI.  710.     VII.  289. 

[A  little  daily  reading  of  the  Word;  a  little  fixed,  earnest 
thought;  short  but  frequent  and  fervent  prayer;  the  Sabbath  solemni- 
ties and  the  Sabbath  leisure,  with  their  larger  opportunities  for  spir- 
itual culture— these  are  the  things  which,  being  constantly  and  con- 


Christian  Walk.  193 

scientiously  used,  will  keep  the  realities  that  are  unseen  before  the 
eye  of  reason  through  the  clear  shining  of  the  light  of  faith,  and  at 
the  same  time  will  give  to  them  a  calm  and  steady  supremacy  over 
the  affections  of  the  heart.  This  is  the  life  of  God  in  the  soul  of  man, 
and  this  is  the  way  by  which  men  may  retain  and  increase  it  by  living 
habitually  near  to   Gcd.     T.  Binncy. 

He  walks  in  the  presence  of  God  that  converses  with  Him  in 
frequent  prayer  and  communion;  that  runs  to  Hun  with  all  his  neces- 
sities; that  asks  counsel  of  Him  in  all  his  doubtings;  that  opens  all 
his  wants  to  Him ;  that  weeps  before  Him  for  all  his  sins ;  and  that 
asks  remedy  and  support  for  his  weakness;  that  fears  Him  as  a  Judge, 
reverences  Him  as  a  Lord  and  obeys  Him  as  a  Father.  Jcrciiiy 
Taylor.'] 

2.  Particular  Injunctions  and  Suggestions  Respecting 
Christian  Living  or  Walk: 

With  God.  Gen.  17:  i.  Walk  before  Me  and  be  perfect.  I.  338. 
HI.  373.  Col.  2 :  6.  .'\s  ye  received  Christ,  walk  in  Him,  rooted  and 
builded  up  in  Him.  XI.  473.  i  John  2:6.  As  He  walked.  XL  686. 
Rom.  13:  14.  Put  ye  on  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  XL  263,  5.  Gal.  3: 
27.  XL  400.  Gal.  5:  16,  25.  Walk  by  the  Spirit.  XL  405,  6,  8.  Rom. 
8:  I.  Col.  i:  10-12.  Walk  worthy  of  the  Lord.  XL  469.  i  Thes.  2: 
12.  Isa.  2:  5.  In  the  light  of  the  Lord,  i  Tim.  4:  7.  Exercise  thyself 
unto  godliness.  XL  517.  In  purity,  i  Tim.  5:22.  Zech.  14:20,  21. 
IX.  619.  In  truth  or  sincerity.  2  John  1:4.  3  John  i :  4.  XL  703,  5. 
In  love.  Eph.  5:1.  As  cJiildren.  XL  435.  V.  8.  As  children  of  light. 
436.  X.  289,  388.  By  faith.  2  Cor.  5 :  7.  XL  362.  With  humility,  i 
Pet.  5:5.  XL  667.  Eph.  2:10.  Created  in  Christ  for  good  works, 
that  we  should  walk  in  them.  XL  421.  Rom.  12:  i.  A  living  sacrifice. 
XL  256,  7.  IX.  628.  Eph.  4:  I.  Walk  worthily  of  your  calling,  with 
all  lowliness  and  meekness,  with  longsuffering,  forbearing  one  an- 
other in  love.  Eph.  4:16.  Grow  up  in  all  things  into  Christ.  XI. 
427,  9.  Phil.  1 :  27.  Let  your  manner  of  life  be  worthy  of  the  Gospel 
of  Christ.  XL  449.  Cherish  a  forgiving,  believing  and  serving 
spirit.  X.  379,  380.  Matt.  6:25.  Take  no  thought  for  your  life.  [The 
"  taking  thought "  forbidden  by  the  Master  is  not  foresight  or  con- 
sideration of  the  future.  It  is  anxious  fretting.  It  is  anxious  fore- 
thought, and  afterthought,  too ;  for  men  fret  both  zvays — for  what  is 
past  and  for  what  is  coming;  in  every  direction;  in  ways  imaginable 
and  unimaginable.  Anon.']  Phil.  4:6.  In  nothing  be  anxious,  but  in 
everything  by  prayer,  etc. 

For   Christian  Liberty,  see  Top.  An.,  p.   280. 

13 


194  Christian  Work. 


CHRISTIAN    WORK    OR    SERVICE. 

Includes  all  human  ministries  in  the  interest  of  God  and  His 
Kingdom,  and  in  man's  behalf,  as  the  object  of  God's  love  and  the 
subject  of  His  gracious  Reign.  The  obligation  to  Christian  Work 
and  Service  has  its  sole  source  and  finds  its  single  motive  in  the  Law 
of  Holiness  and  Love,  which  is  eternal  in  the  heart  of  God.  A  simple 
classification  of  human  ministries,  therefore,  is  found  in  the  twofold 
Summary  of  that  Law  as  expressed  by  Christ  (referred  to  p.  loi). 
It  includes:  (i)  Honoring  and  obeying  God  by  fulfilling  the  work 
assigned  us  in  advancing  His  Kingdom;  (2)  aiding  our  fellow-men 
by  every  means  and  method  we  are  able  rightly  and  wisely  to  employ. 
In  service  to  God  and  man  every  gift  received  must  be  fully  used. 
2  Tim.  I  :  6.  XL  529.  And  in  this  service  we  are  honored  by  being 
"workers  together  with  God."  i  Cor.  3:9.  2  Cor.  6:  i.  XL  288,  9, 
368.  Also,  Eph.  2:10.  Titus  2:14.  Created,  purified,  unto  good 
works.  XL  421,  548. 

Serving,  or  Service,  Means  Helpfulness  to  Men, 

in  every  form  and  measure  of  help  that  is  reasonable  and  needful, 
and  that  may  prove  effective.  On  the  plane  of  mere  human  associa- 
tion in  this  life,  it  includes  all  the  particulars  comprehended  in  the 
last  five  Commandments  to  Israel,  not  only  as  stated  in  their  negative 
form,  but  as  carried  to  their  utmost  detail  of  positive  spiritual  require- 
ment, and  as  growing  out  of  the  varied  relations  and  associations  of 
men  with  men.  More  and  higher  than  this,  it  takes  earnest  account 
of  God's  relations  with  man  for  this  world  and  the  next,  and  seeks 
instrumentally,  in  all  possible  ways,  to  aid  in  the  conversion  and  the 
salvation  of  souls,  as  well  as  to  lead  the  saved  soul  to  like  helpful- 
ness to  others.  In  a  word,  it  comprises  all  practicable  methods  of 
doing  good  to  men. 

James  2:8.  XL  628.  This  service  referred  to  comprehensively 
and  most  frequently  by  the  words,  "Do  good."  Ps.  34:  13.  IV.  256, 
7.  Ps.  37:3,  2y.  IV.  272,  3,  282.  Eccles.  3:  12.  VI.  460.  i.  Matt.  5: 
44.  Luke  6:35.  X.  154,  5.  Gal.  6:9,  10.  XL  411.  i  Tim.  6:18. 
Titus  3:  I.  XL  550.  Heb.  13:  16.  i  Pet.  3:11.  XL  658.  James  4: 
17.  XL  638,  9.  Service  or  Helpfulness  by  sympathy.  Rom.  12:15. 
Rejoice  with  .  .  .  weep  with.  XL  261.  Illiis.  VII.  187,  191-195. 
Gal.  5:  13.  By  love  serve  one  another.  XL  406.  Gal.  6:2.  Bear  one 
another's  burdens  and  so  fulfill  the  law  of  Christ.  XL  410.  To  father- 
less, widow,  stranger,  poor.  Ex.  22 :  22-24.  H-  503-     Lev.  19 :  34.  11. 


Christian  Service.  195 

504.  Deut.  15:7-11.  II.  504.  Ps.  41:  I.  IV.  305.  To  weak,  helpless, 
suffering.  Rom.  15:1,  2.  Strong  ought  to  bear  infirmities  of  weak. 
XI.  271.  I  Cor.  9:22.  XI.  307.  I  Thes.  5:14.  Comfort  feeble- 
minded, support  the  weak.  To  tempted.  Gal.  6:  i.  A  man  overtaken 
in  a  trespass,  restore,  etc.  XL  409.  Comprehensive  Injunctions :  Isa. 
58:6-11.  Break  every  yoke,  deal  bread  to  the  hungry,  cover  the 
naked,  etc.  Then  shalt  thou  call  and  the  Lord  answer;  shall  thy 
light  rise  in  darkness;  the  Lord  shall  guide  thee  continually  and  sat- 
isfy thy  soul.  VIII.  330-333.  Ps.  126.  V.  382-385.  Prov.  3:27-31. 
Withhold  not  good,  etc.  VI.  258-260.  Prov.  24:  11,  12.  Deliver,  etc. 
VI.  396,  7.  Eccl.  11:  12.  Cast  bread.  VI.  507,  8.  i  Cor.  15:58.  Al- 
ways abounding  in  the  work  of  the  Lord.  XL  341.  i  Tim.  6:  18.  Be 
rich  in  good  works,  ready  to  distribute,  willing  to  communicate.  XL 
527.  Titus  3:  I.  XL  550.  Heb.  13:  16.  To  communicate  forget  not, 
for  God  is  well  pleased.  XL  616.  i  Pet.  2:  17.  XL  655.  Neighborly 
dealing.  Rom.  12:  10.  Tenderly  affectioned  one  to  another;  in  honor 
preferring  one  another.  XL  259.  Rom.  13:8.  Owe  no  man  anything 
save  love.  XL  264.  Eph.  4:25.  Speak  truth  with  neighbor.  XL  433. 
Illiis.  Luke  10:37.  X-  324-  Acts  9:36.  XL  68.  Mai.  3:16.  Spake 
often  one  to  another.  IX.  646-648. 

True  and  Acceptable  Service,  although  given  directly 
to  men,  in  its  supreme  aim  and  intent  is  rendered  to  God. 

His  pleasure.  His  purpose,  His  work  is  its  ultimate  end.  Moses 
rendered  an  almost  immeasurable  service  to  Israel,  yet  he  is  always 
called  the  "  servant  of  God,"  and  as  a  servant,  commended  for  his 
fidelity  to  God  in  his  long  and  signal  ministry  to  the  chosen  people. 
The  Apostles,  who  preached  and  wrought  and  suffered  in  help  of  men, 
called  themselves  "  Servants  of  Jesus  Christ."  And  this  work  in 
behalf  of  men  is  the  only  service  which  Apostles  and  believers  can 
render  to  God.  God  can  help  man,  but  man  cannot  help  God. 
Though  we  fulfill  all  of  His  demands  of  service,  we  are  "  unprofitable 
servants"  (Luke  17:  10).  And  yet  God  condescends  to  make  and  call 
us  co-laborers  with  Him  in  His  ministry  of  gracious  help  for  man. 
More  than  this.  He  reckons  this  working  together  with  Him  in  be- 
half of  men  as  actual  service  or  help  rendered  to  Him.  Col.  3:23. 
Whatsoever  ye  do.  work  heartily,  as  unto  the  Lord  and  not  unto  men. 
XL  482.  V^.  17.  In  word  or  deed,  do  all  in  the  name  of  the  Lord 
Jesus,  p.  480.  V.  23.  Ye  serve  the  Lord  Christ,  i  Cor.  10:  31.  What- 
soever ye  do,  do  all  to  the  glory  of  God.  XL  313.  i  Cor.  15:  58.  Al- 
ways abounding  in  the  work  of  the  Lord.  XL  341.  Rom.  12:  11.  In 
diligence  not  slothful,  fervent  in  spirit,  serving  the  Lord.  XL  259, 


196  Christian  Service. 

260.  Isa.  61  :  3,  6.  Trees  of  righteousness,  priests  of  the  Lord,  min- 
isters of  our  God.  VIII.  356-358.  Isa.  62:7.  VIII.  360.  Josh.  24: 
14,  19.  III.  152-155.  I  Chron.  28:9.  III.  489,  490.  Matt.  5:  16.  May 
see  your  good  works  and  glorify  Father.  X.  147,  8.  Phil.  2:  15,  16. 
XI.  454,  5.     Mark  14:6,  8.  X.  406. 

Intimations  respecting  work.  Eccles.  9:  10.  With  thy  might. 
VI.  499-501.  John  11:9.  Twelve  hours.  X.  345.  VII.  351.  Hag.  2: 
4.  Be  strong  and  work,  I  am  with  you.  IX.  541.  Neh.  3:  10,  23,  28. 
Every  one  against  his  house.  VII.  538,  9.  Neh.  6 :  3.  Doing  a  great 
work.  VII.  552-554.  Work  assigned  and  Workmen  qualified.  Ex. 
31:1,  2,  6.  II.  284-286.  The  consequence  of  refusal.  Judges  5:23. 
III.   192.     Gal.  6:9.  Be  not  weary  in  well-doing.  XL  411,  503. 

Reward  Assured.  Ps.  126:6,  7.  Sow  in  tears,  reap  in  joy.  V. 
382-385.  Ps.  90:  17.  V.  116.  X.  199.  John  12:26.  X.  441.  Rom.  2: 
6.  Patient  continuance  in  well-doing,  eternal  life.  V.  10.  Glory, 
honor  and  peace  to  every  man  that  worketh  good.  XL  205,  6.  Eph. 
6:8.  Good  he  doeth,  the  same  shall  receive  of  the  Lord.  Gal.  6:  10. 
Shall  reap  if  we  faint  not.  XL  411,  2.  2  Thes.  3:  13.  XL  503.  Heb. 
6:  10.  God  (does)  not  forget  your  work  of  love.  XL  576.  James  i: 
22,  25.  Be  doers.  A  doer  that  worketh  shall  be  blessed  in  his  doing. 
XL  625.  Zech.  4:  10.  IX.  568-570.  Col.  i  :  10.  Fruitful  in  every  good 
work.  XL  469.  2  Tim.  2 :  6.  The  husbandman  must  first  partake  of 
fruits.     2  Cor.  9 :  8.  The  Pounds.  X.  402.  The  Talents.  X.  458. 

Self-Consecration  and  Self-Sacrifice  are  further  elements 
of  True  and  Acceptable  Service.  Rom.  12:1.  I  beseech  you, 
therefore,  brethren,  by  the  mercies  of  God,  to  present  your  bodies  a 
living  sacrifice,  holy,  acceptable  to  God,  which  is  your  reasonable 
service.  XL  256.  A  large  detail  of  this  service  is  given  in  the  entire 
chapter.  [The  force  of  this  word  therefore  transfigures  the  duty  of 
consecration  into  an  unspeakable  privilege.  The  mercies  of  God ! 
These  are  the  pulse  of  His  absolute  authority.  His  law  is  great  and 
majestic;  but  His  eternal  love  in  the  law  is  greater  and  more  ma- 
jestic.    Behrends.'] 

The  Christ-Life  furnishes  our  Model  in  Serving.    That 

Life  presents  the  highest  ideal  of  Self-Consecration  and  Self-Sacrifice, 
emphasized  by  its  closing  events  in  Gethsemane  and  the  Judgment 
Hall,   and  upon   Calvary.     Hence  in  the   Prophetic  picture  of  these 


Christian  Service.  197 

events  (Isa.  52  and  53)  Christ  is  characterized  as  the  Servant  of 
Jehovah,  fulfilling  the  Divine  purposes  of  human  Redemption  as  the 
Suffering  Messiah.  And  Christ  Himself  affirm,  that  He  "  came  not 
to  be  ministered  unto,  but  to  minister  (serve)  and  to  give  His  life 
as  a  ransom  for  many"  (Matt.  20:28).  All  His  words  and  deeds 
among  men  abundantly  show  that  His  single,  unwavering  aim  and 
purpose  was  to  serve  and  to  save,  to  help  and  to  bless  men.  "  I  am 
among  you,"  He  said,  "as  One  that  serveth  "  (Luke  22:27).  And 
Peter  summed  up  His  earthly  career  in  the  words,  "  He  went  about 
doing  good"  (Acts  10:38).  David's  life  summed  up:  Acts  13:36. 
He  served  his  generation  according  to  the  will  of  God.  Zeal  for 
God.  Vn.  227. 

The  Love  of  Christ  to  us  is  the  Sole  Effective  Motive- 
Force  of  True  and  Acceptable  Service.     The    principle  is 

stated  by  Paul :  2  Cor.  4:  14,  15.  For  the  love  of  Christ  constraineth 
us;  because  we  thus  judge,  that  One  died  for  all,  therefore  all  died; 
and  He  died  for  all,  that  they  which  live  should  no  longer  live  unto 
themselves,  but  unto  Him,  who  for  their  sakes  died  and  rose  again. 
Christ's  love,  both  in  His  incarnate  life  and  in  His  death  as  a  sacrifice 
for  us,  once  appreciated  and  felt,  cannot  but  fill  the  trusting,  faithful 
soul  with  a  responsive,  grateful  love,  which,  in  its  turn,  is  constrained 
to  find  relief  in  service  to  Him  by  helpfulness  to  those  for  whom  He 
died. 

Natural  affection  and  mere  human  sympathy  may  prompt  to  help- 
ful action  toward  others  in  manifold  ways,  and  such  outflow  of  kind- 
ness and  aid  is  to  be  admired  as  excellent  and  desirable.  But  Christ 
and  His  Apostles  apply  a  higher  test  than  mere  natural  excellence  in 
their  setting  forth  of  Divinely  acceptable  service.  According  to  their 
teachings^ nothing  but  Christ-love  shed  abroad  as  a  controlling  motive- 
power  in  the  heart,  and  a  supreme  purpose  to  serve  Christ  in  all 
ministry  to  men,  can  constitute  the  basis  of  True  and  Acceptable 
Service.  "  Ye  did  "  or  "  ye  did  it  not  to  Me,"  are  the  solemn  words 
of  judgment,  in  which  the  Kingly  Judge  sets  forth  this  vitally  prac- 
tical fact.  And  these  words  find  impressive  illustration  in  His  inter 
view  with  the  young  ruler,  whose  human  excellences  were  many  and 
exemplary,  but  who  could  not  stand  the  high  spiritual  test  applied  by 
the  Master.  Paul,  too,  speaks  conclusively  upon  this  point  in  the 
wonderful  13th  chapter  of  ist  Corinthians.  "H  I  bestow  all  my 
goods  to  feed  the  poor,  but  have  not  love,  it  profiteth  me  nothing." 
Col.  3:  17.  Whatsoever  ye  do,  in  word  or  deed,  do  all  in  the  name 
of  the  Lord  Jesus.  XL  480.     i  Cor.  6:20.  XL  296,  298.     Read  note 


198  Christian  Service. 

XI.  685.  Matt.  5:  16.  X.  147.  Phil.  2:  15,  16.  XI.  454.  John  15:5. 
He  that  abideth  in  Me,  and  I  in  him,  the  same  beareth  much  fruit. 
X.  490. 

Service  Alone,  Helpful  Service  to  All,  in  Imitation 
and  in  the  Spirit  of  the  Master,  Presents  the  Chief  Mean- 
ing of  this  Life,  as  it  Affords  the  Highest,  most  En- 
nobling, and  most  Satisfactory  Methods  of  Action.      Our 

true,  inner  hfe  is  mainly  made  up  of  interested  work  in  behalf  of 
others.  Its  most  desirable  returns,  especially  its  unqualified  and 
perpetuated  joys,  come  from  "  doing  good,"  under  the  conscious 
impress  of  the  indwelling  Spirit  of  Christ.  And  these  returns  are 
open  to  all  whatever  be  the  measure  of  knowledge  or  ability.  The 
Divine  vocation  to  true,  acceptable  service  rests  upon  every  be- 
liever. [Every  man  and  woman  is  called  to  do  that  which  he  or 
she  is  fitted  to  do.  In  this  sphere,  at  least,  obligation  is  deter- 
mined and  measured  by  ability.  What  Christians  need  to  learn  is 
that  they  are  the  stewards  of  God  and  the  servants  of  Jesus  Christ. 
They  are  sure  to  find  their  places  and  their  work  when  they  are 
simply  anxious  to  serve  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  To  do  our  very  best, 
and  do  it  to  please  Him  who  loved  us  and  gave  Himself  for  us,  we 
are  all  ordained  by  the  laying  on  of  the  palms  that  were  pierced  for 
our  salvation.    Behrcnds. 

Every  individual  Christian  is  the  center  of  a  circle  whose  hearts 
he  may  touch  with  a  benediction  of  love.  He  is  a  custodian  of  bless- 
ing which  he  is  to  impart  to  others.  The  noblest  life  is  the  one  that 
is  given  up  most  unselfishly  to  serving.     /.  R.  Miller.'] 

Serving  a  Higher  Form  of  Greatness  than  Ruling. 

True  greatness,  according  to  the  teaching  of  Christ,  consists  not  in 
the  possession  of  riches,  rank,  or  power,  nor  in  mighty  conquests, 
with  their  high  state  and  wide  dominion,  but  in  serving  with  lowly, 
helpful  spirit.  It  is  tested  and  proved  by  Christlike  character  and 
deeds  of  goodness,  done  with  an  unselfish  spirit.  Matt.  20:  26,  27. 
Whosoever  will  be  great  among  you,  let  him  be  your  minister;  and 
whosoever  will  be  chief,  let  him  be  your  servant.  X.  396.  Luke  9: 
46-48.  X.  290.  Matt.  23:  II.  He  that  is  greatest  among  you  shall  be 
your  servant.  Jer.  45 :  5.  Seek  not  great  things  for  thyself.  VIIL 
409,  410. 

As  Service  Honors  God,  so  God  Honors  and  Rewards 

all  who  Faithfully  Serve,  i  Sam.  2:30.  Them  that  honor  Me, 
I  will  honor.     John  12:  26.  If  any  man  serve  Me,  let  him  follow  Me; 


Soul-Winning.     The  Wider  Commission.  199 

if  any  man  serve  Me,  him  will  My  Father  honor.  Rom.  2 :  6,  7.  God 
will  render  to  every  man  according  to  his  works ;  to  them  that  by 
patience  in  well-doing  seek  for  glory  and  honor  and  incorruption, 
eternal  life.  XI.  205.  Rev.  2:  19  (Christ  to  the  Church  in  Thyatira). 
I  know  thy  works,  and  thy  love,  and  faith,  and  service,  and  patience. 
Luke  12:37,  43-     See  XI.  322.   (A.  M.). 


Chief  and  Highest  Form  of  Personal  Service  is  found  in 

'    .  SOUL-WINNING. 

In  the  rendering  of  service  or  help  to  men,  the  Master  is  the  per- 
fect Exemplar  for  His  followers.  His  whole  earthly  ministry  con- 
sisted in  helpfulness  in  every  needful  form  of  service;  to  the  diseased 
or  broken  body  in  healing  and  restoring,  to  the  stricken  heart  in 
sympathy,  comfort  and  rest,  to  the  ignorant,  darkened  mind  in  im- 
parting truths  respecting  personal  and  social  elevation  and  well- 
being,  and  especially  in  revealing  and  unfolding  the  knowledge  of 
God,  the  obligations  and  sanctions  of  Law,  the  facts  of  sin  and  con- 
demnation and  the  way  of  the  sinner's  return  to  God  to  be  received 
again  to  childship  and  fellowship  with  Him.  "I  am  among  you," 
He  said,  "  as  One  that  serveth."  But  the  one  ultimate  highest  ser- 
vice, to  which  all  other  help  was  tributary,  that  which  He  ever  held 
in  view,  for  which  He  came  to  earth,  to  which  He  offered  Himself 
a  voluntary  sacrifice,  was  "to  seek  and  to  save  the  lost."  to  give 
eternal  life  to  the  spiritually  "  dead  in  sins."  So,  too,  for  all  the 
immediate  ends  of  man's  personal,  family  and  social  elevation  and 
well-being,  according  to  the  measure  of  ability,  opportunity  and 
grace  given  him,  the  believer  is  appointed  to  service.  But  to  him 
also  the  highest  exercise  of  Christian  service  is  found  in  heartfelt, 
generous,  self-sacrificing  and  persistent  efforts  to  save  imperilled 
souls. 

The  Wider  Commission  of  the  Ascended  Christ. 

One  brief  sentence  at  the  end  of  the  Bible,  Rev.  22:  17, 
far  exceeds  while  it  sums  up  the  meaning  of  all  others  touch- 
ing this  high  service.  It  is  the  very  disclosure  and  command 
of  the  enthroned  Christ.  It  is  alike  explicit  and  comprehen- 
sive.    It  is  addressed  to  every  believer,  and  rests  upon  every 


200  The  Wider  Commission. 

one  as  a  life-long  obligation.  More  specific  and  individual 
in  its  address  and  its  terms  than  the  "  Great  Commission  "  to 
the  Church  and  Ministry  uttered  at  Christ's  Ascension,  it 
may  be  fitly  characterized  as  the  Wider  Commission  to  each 
member  of  the  vast  body  of  Christ's  disciples.  Hence  its  vital 
significance  demands  profound  consideration,  and  its  im- 
perious obligation  calls  for  increasing  obedience.  Full  em- 
phasis should  be  given  to  its  every  word:  "HE  THAT 
HEARETH,  LET  HIM  SAY,  COME!" 

And  the  Call  or  Message  itself  is  expanded  in  the  words 
that  follow,  words  which  sum  up  and  conclude  the  entire 
Revelation  from  Heaven,  of  which  the  Christ  of  God,  the 
Speaker  here,  is  the  sole  Revealer :  "  HE  THAT  IS 
ATHIRST,  LET  HIM  COME;  HE  THAT  WILL,  LET 
HIM  TAKE  THE  WATER  OF  LIFE  FREELY!  "  And 
this  single,  life-bringing  Message  from  the  heart  of  a  loving. 
Redeeming  God,  every  Christian  believer  on  earth  is  charged, 
as  Christ's  ambassador,  to  utter  to  every  soul  within  reach 
of  hand  and  voice,  with  fervent  heart-intercession. 

The  passages  in  both  Testaments  which  relate  to  and  emphasize 
the  faithful  execution  of  this  high  commission  and  Divinely  assigned 
trust  are  few,  but  plain  and  impressive.  Isa.  43:  10.  Ye  are  My  wit- 
nesses. VIII.  226.  Prov.  11:30.  He  that  winneth  souls  is  wise.  VL 
307.  VII.  181.  Dan.  12:3.  They  that  turn  many  to  righteousness 
shall  shine  as  the  stars  forever  and  ever.  IX.  324.  James  5 :  20.  He 
which  converteth  a  sinner  (leadeth  him  to  turn)  from  the  error  of 
his  way  shall  save  a  soul  from  death,  and  shall  cover  a  multitude  of 
sins.  XI.  643.  Matt.  5 :  16.  Let  your  light  shine  before  men,  that 
they  may  see  your  good  works,  and  glorify  your  Father  which  is  in 
heaven.  Phil.  2:  15.  Ye  shine  as  lights  in  the  world,  holding  forth 
the  word  of  life.  2  Cor.  3:3.  Ye  are  an  epistle  of  Christ,  written 
with  the  Spirit  of  the  living  God.  in  tables  that  are  hearts  of  flesh. 

And  these  passages  are  confirmed  and  find  large  illustration  in 
the  urgent  and  tender  utterances  of  Psalmists,  Prophets  and  Apostles. 
Ps.  34:8.  Oh,  taste  and  see  that  the  Lord  is  good.  IV.  253.  Ps.  66' 
16.  Come  and  hear,  and  I  will  declare  what  He  hath  done  for  my 
soul.  IV.  444,  445.  Personal  longing  expressed  by  Moses.  Ex.  32 :  32. 
Paul,  Rom.  10:  i.     The  spirit  of  the  soul-seekers,  Heb.  13:  17.     They 


Watch- Words  of  Counsel.  201 

watch  for  your  souls  as  they  that  shall  give  account.  See  also  John 
1 :  41,  45.  Andrew  bringing  Peter,  and  Philip  bringing  Nathanael,  to 
Christ. 

Note. — For  a  large  treatment  of  Missions,  in  fulfilment  of  the  "  Great 
Commission"  to  the  Church  and  Ministry,  we  refer  to  Top.  An.,  pp.  316- 
325- 


We  conclude  this  extended  treatment  of  the  Christian  Life, 
in  its  inception,  progress,  and  conditions  of  Conduct  and  Service, 
with  a  brief  series  of  practical  suggestions  under  the  Heading  : 

WATCH-WORDS  OF  COUNSEL  AND  PROMISE,  FOR 
DAILY    HELP   IN    CHRISTIAN    LIVING. 

Fcllozuship  with  God.  i  John  i  :  3.  Our  fellowship  is  with  the 
Father  and  with  His  Son  Jesus  Christ.  XL  682.  i  Chron.  28:9,  10. 
Know  God  and  serve  Him  with  willing  rt^ind.  III.  481,  489,  490.  Ps. 
105:4.  Seek  the  Lord,  seek  His  face  evermore.  V.  207.  Ps.  16:8. 
Set  the  Lord  always  before  me.  IV.  120.  Ps.  27:8.  Thy  face,  Lord, 
will  I  seek.  IV.  207.  John  15:4.  Abide  in  Me,  and  I  in  you.  X.  490. 
Jude  21.  Keep  yourselves  in  the  love  of  God.  Heb.  12:2.  Looking 
unto  Jesus.  XL  604.  VIII.  43.  2  Tim.  i :  12-14.  Guard  that  good 
thing  committed  to  thee  through  the  Holy  Ghost  who  dwelleth  in  us. 
XL  531.  Eph.  4:30.  Grieve  not  the  Holy  Spirit  of  God.  ]^I.  434.  i 
Thes.  5 :  19.  Quench  not  the  Spirit.  XL  496.  Phil.  2 :  5.  Have  this 
mind  in  you  which  was  in  Christ.  XL  451.  2  Cor.  10:5.  Bringing 
every  thought  into  captivity  to  the  obedience  of  Christ.  Ps.  19:  14. 
Meditation  of  my  heart  be  acceptable  in  Thy  sight.  Ps.  27:  14.  Wait 
on  the  Lord.  IV.  211.  Ps.  37:5-7.  Wait  patiently  for  God.  VI.  274- 
278.  Ps.  62:  I,  5-8.  Wait  only  upon  God.  Pour  out  your  heart  be- 
fore Him.  IV.  416-420. 

Follozv  right'and  truth.  Isa.  56:  i,  2.  VIII.  315.  Ezek.  18:  5.  Do 
that  which  is  right.  IX.  83.  2  Tim.  2:22.  Follow  after  righteous- 
ness, faith,  love,  peace.  XL  535.  Zech.  8:  19.  Love  truth  and  peace. 
IX.  585.  Eph.  4:  15,  25.  XL  429,  433.  I  Thes.  5:  15.  Ever  follow- 
after  that  which  is  good.  Phil.  3 :  13,  14-  Press  toward  the  goal  unto 
the  prize. 

Be  strong,  i  Cor.  16:13.  Stand  fast,  be  strong.  Eph.  6:10.  Be 
strong  in  the  Lord.  XI.  442.  2  Tim.  2:1.  Be  strong  in  the  grace 
that  is  in  Christ  Jesus.  Josh,  i :  6,  9,  18.  III.  38,  41.  48.  Judges  8 :  4- 
III.   220,   407.     Prov.    16:32.    VI.    343.     Isa.   40:29.  He   increaseth 


202  Watch- Words  of  Counsel  and  Promise. 

strength.  VIII.  211.  Phil.  4:  13.  Christ  strengtheneth  me.  XL  4G5. 
2  Tim.  1:7.  God  has  given  us  power.  XL  529.  Eph.  6:  11.  Put  on 
the  whole  armor  of  God.     Ps.  31  :  24.  IV.  236. 

Keep  thyself.  Deut.  4:9.  Take  heed  to  thyself  and  keep  thy  soul 
diligently.  Prov.  4:23.  Keep  thy  heart  with  all  diligence.  VI.  269- 
271.  Acts  16:28.  Do  thyself  no  harm.  XL  116.  i  Cor.  10:  12.  Take 
heed  lest  he  fall.  XL  309.  Matt.  26:41.  Watch  and  pray  that  ye 
enter  not  into  temptation.  X.  513.  i  Tim.  4:  16.  Take  heed  to  thy- 
self. XL  519.  Ps.  34:  13.  Keep  thy  tongue  from  evil,  and  thy  lips 
from  speaking  guile.  IV.  255.  Avoid  bad  company  and  ways.  Prov. 
1:10-19.  VI.  237.  Prov.  4:14,  15.  VI.  262-266.  Prov.  13:20.  VI. 
315,  6.     Phil.  4:8.  XL  463,  464- 

Look  for  guidance.  Prov.  3 :  5,  6.  Lean  not  upon  thine  own  under- 
standing. In  all  thy  ways  acknowledge  Him.  VL  249-281.  Prov. 
16:3.  Commit  thy  works  unto  the  Lord.  VI.  337.  Jer.  6:16.  Ask 
for  old  paths,  the  good  way,  and  walk  therein.  VIII.  427-429.  James 
1:5,  6.  Ask  wisdom,  in  faith.  XL  620.  III.  514,  5.  Job  23:10.  He 
knoweth  the  way  that  I  take.  VI.  134,  5.  Rom.  8:28.  All  things 
work  together  for  good.  XL  240,  i.  "Teach  Thou  me."  Ps.  24:4, 
5.  IV.  194.     Ps.  2y:  II.  IV.  210.     Ps.  143:  10.  V.  465.  VI.  181. 

Seek — Seek  not.  Amos  5:14,  15.  Seek  good  and  not  evil  that 
you  may  live.  IX.  419.  Matt.  6:33.  Seek  first  His  kingdom  and  His 
righteousness,  and  all  things  (needful)  shall  be  added  unto  you.  X. 
163.  Col.  3:1,2.  Seek,  set  your  mind  upon  the  things  that  are  above. 
XL  477.  Matt.  6:  19,  20.  Lay  not  up  treasures  on  earth,  but  in 
heaven.  X.  161.  John  6:  27.  Labor  not  for  meat  which  perisheth, 
but  for  the  meat  which  abideth  unto  eternal  life.  X.  250,  i.  Jer.  45: 
5.  Seek  not  great  things  for  thyself.  VII.  409,  410.  Heb.  13:5.  Be 
content  with  such  things  as  ye  have,  for  He  hath  said,  I  will  in  no 
wise  fail  thee.  XL  614.  Phil.  4 :  19.  God  shall  fulfill  every  need  of 
yours.  XL  465. 

Walk  worthily.  Eph.  4:1.  2,  32.  Walk  worthily  of  your  calling, 
with  all  lowliness  and  meekness,  with  longsufifering,  forbearing  one 
another  in  love.  Phil,  i  :  27.  Let  your  manner  of  life  (as  citizens) 
be  worthy  of  the  gospel  of  Christ.  XL  449.  Rom.  12:  i,  2,  3.  Present 
(your  whole  selves)  a  living  sacrifice.  Be  not  conformed  to  this 
world.  Think  soberly  (of  yourself)  according  (to  the  measure  of 
God-given)  faith.  XL  256-258.  Prov.  3:9.  Honor  the  Lord  with 
thy  substance,  and  with  the  first-fruits  of  all  thine  increase.  VI.  252- 
254.     Matt.    5 :  16.  So   let   your   light   shine. 

Dealing  zvith  others.  Matt.  7:12.  All  things  whatsoever  ye 
would  that  men  should  do  unto  you,  even  so  do  ye  also  unto  them. 


Watch- Words  of  Counsel.  203 

X.  166.  Eccl.  9:7-10.  VI.  497-501.  Eccles.  11  :i,  2,  6.  Cast  bread 
upon  the  waters.  In  the  morning  sow,  and  in  the  evening.  VI.  507- 
510.  Isa.  32:20.  Sow  beside  all  waters.  VIII.  160.  Ps.  126:5,  '^■ 
Shall  come  again  rejoicing.  V.  382-385.  Hosea  10:  12.  Sow  in  right- 
eousness, reap  according  to  mercy.  IX.  365.  Matt.  7:1,  2.  Judge 
not  (needless,  unjust  or  uncharitable  judgments).  X.  165.  Gal.  6:2. 
Bear  one  another's  burdens.  XI.  410.  Zech.  7:9,  10.  Show  compas- 
sion, oppress  not,  imagine  no  evil  in  your  heart.  IX.  581,  2.  Ps.  41  : 
I.  IV.  305.  Eph.  4:32.  Be  kind  one  to  another,  tender-hearted,  for- 
giving each  other,  as  God  in  Christ  forgave  you.  XL  434.  Phil.  2 : 
2-4.  Doing  nothing  through  faction,  or  vainglory,  in  lowliness  of 
mind  counting  each  other  better  than  himself,  not  looking  each  to 
his  own  things  (alone),  but  each  to  things  of  others.  XI.  450.  V.  14. 
Without  murmurings  and  disputings.  Rom.  14:13-16,  19,  21.  Xo 
stumbling-block  in  another's  way.  XL  269.  Rom.  15:1,  2.  Strong 
ought  to  bear  the  infirmities  of  the  weak.  XL  271,  2.  i  Cor.  8:  9-13. 
XL  304.     Rom.  12:21.  Overcome  evil  with  good.  XL  262. 

Scripture  study.  John  5:39.  Search  the  Scriptures.  X.  133.  i 
Tim.  4:  13,  15.  Give  heed  to  reading.  XL  518.     Ps.  119. 

Ever  bear  in  mind  the  supreme  Motive  Power  of  the  Christian 
Life:  2  Cor.  5:  14.  The  love  of  Christ  constraineth  ns;  He  died  that 
they  which  live  should  no  longer  live  unto  themselves,  but  unto  Him, 
who  for  their  sakes  died  and  rose  "again.  XL  364. 

Natural  Fruits  of  a  Divinely  inwrought  Christian  Life.  Ex- 
pressed in  the  form  of  direct  practical  counsels. 

1.  Set  the  Lord  Christ  always  before  you,  and  keep  continual 
thought-communion  with  Him. 

2.  Never  intermit  reverent,  studious  and  prayerful  thought  upon 
some  truth  of  the  Word  of  Christ. 

3.  Keep  your  soul  attent  to  hear  the  indwelling  Holy  Spirit,  and 
ask  and  look  for  His  constant  inworking. 

4.  Forget  all  g.ain  or  advance  already  made,  and  ever  press  for- 
ward toward  the  goal  unto  the  prize. 

5.  Take  no  account  of  frames  or  feelings,  but  ever  exercise  and 
magnify  faith  by  fulfilling  its  appropriate  works,  and  holding  fast  to 
the  conviction  that  God  will  meet  your  every  need,  and  recompense 
your  toil  for  Him. 

6.  Watch,  pray  and  struggle  against  Temptation  and  the  Tempter. 
And  believe  that  God  can  and.  if  rightly  sought  and  leaned  upon, 
will  deliver  from  known  sin  and  infirmity,  however  long  and  strong 
the  hold  it  has  gotten  through  weak  or  willful  indulgence. 


2  04  Christian  Graces — Hope. 


CHRISTIAN  GRACES,  THE  DIRECT  GIFTS  OF  THE 
INDWELLING  GODHEAD,  AS  INCITEMENTS 
AND  HELPS  TO  CHRISTIAN  LIVING. 

FAITH.  Already  considered  from  the  human  side  as  the  con- 
dition of  regeneration  and  restored  childship.  See  pages  78-88.  A 
Grace  from  the  Divine  side.  Passages  showing  the  co-operation  of 
the  Spirit  of  God  in  help  of  man's  own  act  of  faith,  as  in  every  other 
spiritual  act:  Gal.  5:22.  Fruit  of  Spirit,  faith.  Heb.  12:1.  Christ 
the  author  and  perfecter  of  faith.  Phil,  i :  29.  To  you  it  is  given 
.  .  .  to  believe.  Every  influence  and  help  God  will  give  to  prompt 
and  secure  faith  except  to  create  it. 


HOPE,    EXPECTATION,    LOOKING    FOR. 
God  its  Source  and  Giver,  by  Grace.      Ps.  42,  43.  IV. 

310-322.  Ps.  71 :  5.  Thou  art  my  hope,  O  Loi'd  God.  IV.  475.  Ps. 
39:7.  My  hope  is  in  Thee.  IV.  293.  Ps.  146:5.  Whose  hope  is  in 
the  Lord.  V.  480.  Ps.  147:  11.  Hope  in  His  mercy.  V.  488.  i  Tim. 
I :  I.  Lord  Jesus  Christ  our  hope.  2  Thes.  2:  17.  Good  hope  through 
grace.  XI.  503.     Ps.  119:  114.  I  hope  in  Thy  word.  V.  337. 

Allied  with  Faith,  Love,  Patience,  Joy  and  Peace. 

I  Cor.13:  13.  Abideth  faith,  hope,  love.  XL  327.  Rom.  15:  13.  Now  the 
God  of  hope  fill  you  with  all  joy  and  peace  in  believing,  that  ye  may 
abound  in  hope.  XI.  273.  i  Pet.  i :  3,  21.  Faith  and  hope  in  God. 
XI.  645,  650.  Rom.  5:4.  Patience  worketh  experience  (evidence 
by  testing)  and  experience  hope.  XI.  215,  6.  Rom.  15:4.  Through 
patience  we  might  have  hope.  XI.  272.  Hoping  and  waiting  are  in- 
terchangeably used  in  the  Psalms.  Ps.  130:5.  I  wait,  I  hope.  V. 
402,  3.     Rom.  8:25.  If  hope,  then  with  patience  wait. 

Helmet  of  Believer's  Panoply,  i  Thes.  5 : 8.  For  an  hel- 
met the  hope  of  salvation.  XI.  495. 

Fruits  or  Effects.  Rom.  5 :  5.  Maketh  not  ashamed,  i  John 
3:  3.  That  hath  hope  set  on  Christ,  purifieth  himself  as  Christ  is  pure. 
XL  691.  Heb.  6 :  i8,  19.  An  anchor  of  the  soul,  both  sure  and  steadfast. 
XL  578.     Jer.  17:7.  Blessed  the  man  whose  hope  the  Lord  is.  VIII. 


Christian  Graces — Hope.  205 

477.  Rom.  12:12.  Rejoicing  in  hope.  XI.  261.  Lam.  3:26.  Good 
that  a  man  hope  and  quietly  wait.  VIII.  606,  7.  I  Hits.  IV.  361. 

Its  Sublime  and  Blessed  End.  Rom.  8 :  24.  Saved  by  hope. 
XL  238.  Col.  1:27.  Christ  in  you,  the  hope  of  glory.  XL  471.  Col. 
I  :  5.  Hope  laid  up  for  you  in  the  heavens,  i  Pet.  i :  3,  4.  A  living 
hope  by  resurrection  of  Christ  unto  an  inheritance  reserved  in 
heaven.  XL  645. 

[Our  hope  is  not  the  glory  of  heaven,  not  joy,  not  peace,  not 
fullness  of  our  wishes  nor  sweet  contentment  of  the  whole  soul,  nor 
understanding  of  all  knowledge ;  it  is  "  Christ  our  God,"  "  the  hope 
of  glory."  Nothing  which  God  could  create  is  what  we  hope  for; 
nothing  which  God  could  give  us  out  of  Himself,  no  created  glory, 
or  bliss,  or  beauty,  or  majesty,  or  riches.  What  we  hope  for  is  our 
Redeeming  God  Himself,  His  love,  His  bliss,  the  joy  of  our  Lord 
Himself,  who  hath  so  loved  us,  to  be  our  joy  and  our  portion  for- 
ever.    Pusey.} 

The  Believer  Encouraged  and  Urged  to  Hope.   Ps.  42 : 

5,  II.  Hope  thou  in  God.  IV.  313,  317,  332.  Ps.  130:5.  8.  V.  403. 
Zech.  9:12.  IX.  591.  I  Pet.  1:13.  Hope  to  the  end  for  (set  your 
hope  perfectly  on)  the  grace  to  be  brought  to  you  at  the  revelation 
of  Jesus  Christ.  XL  649.  Heb.  6:11.  Show  diligence  unto  the  full- 
ness of  hope  even  to  the  end.  XL  573,  576.  Rom.  15:  13,  The  God 
of  hope  fill  you  with  all  joy  and  peace  in  believing,  that  ye  may 
abound  in  hope.  XL  273.  i  Pet.  3:  15.  Give  answer  to  every  man 
that  asketh  you  a  reason  for  the  hope  that  is  in  you. 

[The  journey  may  weary  us,  but  it  is  comforting  to  know  that 
home  is  real  and  not  far  away.  We  shall  overtake  those  who  have 
gone  on,  we  shall  be  overtaken  by  those  who  follow.  The  same 
threshold  waits  to  welcome  us  all.  "  All  things  are  working  together 
for  good."  They  who  once  hoped  were  not  disappointed:  they  who 
now  hope  will  not  be.  This  is  the  constant  undertone  of  Scripture: 
this  the  concurrent  and  swelling  testimony  of  the  "  great  cloud 
of  witnesses  "  who  "  have  come  up  out  of  great  tribulation  "  in  the 
old  days  of  Paul  and  the  older  days  of  Abraham.  From  the  first 
page  to  the  last,  one  uniform  appeal  comes  to  each  of  us,  saying 
persistently :  "  Hope  thou  in  God."    Bchrcnds.'] 


2o6  Christian  Graces — Love. 


LOVE,  TO  GOD  AND  MAN. 

Deut.  6:5.  Thou  shall  love  the  Lord  thy  God,  etc.  II.  207-214. 
X.  429-431. 

Love  to  God  is  a  heart  and  life  controlling  affection  toward 
God,  responsive  and  like  in  kind  to  His  love  toward  us.  As  such 
controlling  force  over  heart  and  life,  it  forgets,  denies,  sacrifices 
self  whenever  and  wherever  needful  for  the  fulfilling  of  God's  will, 
and  the  doing  of  service  to  Him  in  helping  His  creatures. 

Source  and  Constraining  Force  of  Man's  Love  to  God. 

This  is  the  Divinely  implanted  conviction  of  God's  love,  as  that  love 
is  manifested  in  Christ's  sacrifice.  It  is  a  fruit  or  efifect  of  the  Holy 
Spirit's  efficient  impression  upon  man's  heart  of  the  infinite  and 
eternal  love  of  God  toward  men.  Rom.  5:5.  The  love  of  God  (to 
sinful  men)  is  shed  abroad  in  your  hearts  by  the  Holy  Spirit.  Gal. 
5:22.  Fruit  of  the  Spirit  is  love.  2  Thes.  3:  5.  The  Lord  direct  your 
hearts  into  the  love  of  God  (that  this  love  may  be  habitually  realized 
in  its  constraining  force),  i  John  4:  19.  We  love,  because  He  first 
loved  us.  XL  698.  So  the  Psalmist,  116:  i.  I  love  the  Lord  because 
He  hath  heard  my  voice  and  my  supplications.  V.  264,  265. 

[Love  is  the  greatest  thing  that  God  can  give  us,  for  Himself  is 
love,  and  it  is  the  greatest  thing  we  can  give  to  God,  for  it  will  also 
give  ourselves,  and  carry  with  it  all  that  is  ours.  The  apostle  calls 
it  the  bond  of  perfection.  It  is  the  old  and  it  is  the  new  and  it  is 
the  greater  commandment,  and  it  is  all  the  commandments;  for  it  is 
the  fulfilling  of  the  law.  It  does  the  work  of  all  other  graces  with- 
out any  instrument  but  its  own  immediate  virtue.  For  as  the  love  to 
sin  makes  a  man  sin  against  all  his  own  reason  and  all  the  discourses 
of  wisdom  and  all  the  advices  of  his  friends,  and  without  temptation 
and  without  opportunity,  so  does  the  love  of  God  make  a  man  chaste 
without  the  laborious  arts  of  fasting  and  exterior  discipline,  temperate 
in  the  midst  of  feasts,  and  is  active  enough  to  choose  it  without  any 
intermedial  appetites,  and  reaches  at  glory  through  the  very  heat  of 
grace,  without  any  other  arms  but  those  of  love.  It  is  a  grace  that 
loves  God  for  Himself,  and  our  neighbors  for  God.  The  considera- 
tion of  God's  goodness  and  bounty,  the  experience  of  those  profitable 
and  excellent  emanations  from  Him  may  be,  and  most  commonly  are, 
the  first  motive  of  our  love ;  but  when  we  are  once  entered  and  have 
tasted  the  goodness  of  God,  we  love  the  spring  for  its  own  excellency, 
passing  from  passion  to  reason,  from  thanking  to  adoring,  from  sense 


Christian  Graces — Love.  207 

to  spirit,  from  considering  ourselves  to  a  union  with  God.  And  this 
is  the  image  and  little  representation  of  heaven;  it  is  beatitude  in 
picture,  or  rather  the  infancy  and  beginnings  of  glory.  Jeremy 
Taylor.} 

Effects  and  Evidences  of  Man's  Love  as  transformed 

and  made  efficient  by  the  Divinely  fixed  conviction  of  God's  love. 
Desires  to  make  requital.  Ps.  116:  12.  V.  267.  Ps.  103:  i,  2.  V.  179, 
180.  Brings  strength.  Song  8:6.  Love  is  strong  as  death.  Many 
waters  cannot  quench  love.  VI.  572.  Casteth  out  fear,  i  John  4:  18. 
XI.  697.  Evidence  of  regeneration,  i  John  4:7.  Love  is  of  God,  and 
every  one  that  loveth  is  begotten  of  God  and  knoweth  God.  Con- 
strains to  a  life  of  consecration  to  Christ.  2  Cor.  5:  14-16.  Ensures 
God's  care  and  keeping.  Rom.  8 :  28.  We  know  that  to  them  that  love 
God  all  things  work  together  for  good.  They  that  are  "  rooted  and 
grounded  in  love  (the  love  of  Christ  controlling  their  hearts)  know 
the  love  of  Christ  which  passeth  knowledge  "  and  are  "  filled  with  all 
the  fullness  of  God."  Eph.  3:17-19.  John  14:23.  Jesus  said.  If  a 
man  love  Me,  he  will  keep  My  word ;  and  My  Father  will  love  him, 
and  We  will  come  unto  him,  and  make  Our  abode  with  him. 

Love  to  Fellow-Man. 

Thou  shalt  love  thy  neighbor  as  thyself.  Lev.  19:  18.  II.  214-216. 
Prov.  3:27,  28.  VI.  258,  9.  Rom.  13:8,  9.  XI.  264.  Gal.  5:  14.  XI. 
406.  James  2 : 8.  XI.  628.  As  we  have  often  learned,  this  love  of 
man  to  men  is  a  vital  part  and  result  of  His  supreme  love  to  God. 
I  John  4:  20,  21.  He  that  loveth  not  his  brother  whom  he  hath  seen, 
cannot  love  God  whom  he  hath  not  seen.  And  this  commandment 
have  we  from  Him,  that  he  who  loveth  God  love  his  brother  also.  XI. 
698.  John  15:12.  This  is  My  commandment,  that  ye  love  one  an- 
other. Matt.  5:4.  Love  your  enemies,  i  Thes.  4:9.  XI.  491.  i 
Pet.  1 :  22.  XT.  65L.     Gal.  6:2.  XL  410. 

Love  to  men  as  brethren  the  condition  as  well  as  evidence 
of  the  new  spiritual  life.  This  is  strongly  and  variously  staleil 
by  John,  i  John  3:10.  14.  Whosoever  doeth  not  righteousness  is 
not  of  God.  neither  he  that  loveth  not  his  brother.  We  know  that 
we  have  passed  out  of  death  into  life,  because  w^e  love  the  brethren. 
XI.  692.  I  John  4:7,  12.  He  that  loveth  is  begotten  of  God.  If  we 
love  one  another,  God  abideth  in  us,  and  His  love  is  perfected  in  us. 
XI.  695.  I  John  2 :  10.  He  that  loveth  his  brother  abideth  in  the 
light. 


2o8  Christian  Graces — Love.     Joy. 

The  motive  and  measure  of  required  love  one  to  another. 
John  15:12,  9.  Love  one  another  as  I  have  loved  you.  As  the 
Father  hath  loved  Me,  so  have  I  loved  you.  i  John  4:11.  Beloved, 
if  God  so  loved  us,  w^e  also  ought  to  love  one  another.  XI.  696.  Eph. 
5:2.  Walk  in  love,  even  as  Christ  also  loved  you.  i  Thes.  3:12. 
Increase  and   abound  in  love  one   toward  another,   and  toward  all 


Characteristic  Spirit,  Methods  and  Effects  of  Love  to  Men. 

Chief  passage  abounding  in  points  and  calling  for  exhaustive  study : 
I  Cor.  13:4-8.  Love  suffereth  long  and  is  kind;  envieth  not;  vaunt- 
eth  not  itself;  is  not  puffed  up;  seeketh  not  its  own;  is  not  provoked; 
taketh  not  account  of  evil;  rejoiceth  with  the  truth;  beareth  (cover- 
eth)  all  things;  believeth  all  things;  hopeth  all  things;  endureth  all 
things.  Love  never  faileth.  XL  323-325.  i  Cor.  8:  i.  Love  buildeth 
up.  Rom.  13:8,  II.  Love  worketh  no  ill  to  his  neighbor;  love  there- 
fore is  the  fulfillment  of  the  law.  XI.  297.  Prov.  10:  12.  Love  cov- 
ereth  transgression.  Prov.  17:9.  He  that  covereth  transgression,  seek- 
eth love.  Jas.  5  :  20.  i  Pet.  4 :  48.  Love  covereth  a  multitude  of  sins. 
Special  injunctions  bearing  upon  the  above  points:  Eph.  4:2,  15. 
Forbearing  one  another  in  Iovp.  Speaking  truth  in  love.  Eph.  5 : 
13.  By  love  serve  one  another.  Heb.  10:24.  Consider  one  another 
to  provoke  unto  love  and  to  good  works.  Forgiveness.  Prov.  19:  11. 
VI.  359.    20 :  22.  VI.  366. 

Thus  it  appears  that  brotherly  love,  which  has  its  source  and 
vital  impulse  in  supreme  love  to  Christ,  includes  the  thinking,  feeling 
and  acting  kindly,  considerately  and  helpfully  to  all  whom  we  touch 
in  life,  according  to  the  measure  of  our  ability.  It  is  summed  up 
in  fellowshiping  with  men  in  order  to  serve  them,  as  Christ  lived  and 
acted  among  them.  Further  it  appears  that  the  essence  and  test  of 
genuine  philanthropy  is  found,  not  in  any  merely  natural  sympathy 
and  kindliness  of  heart,  but  in  the  soul-controlling  force  of  a  supreme 
love  to  God,  which  alone  prompts  and  produces  a  spirit  of  unselfish 
self-sacrifice  for  others.  [Truth  and  love  are  two  of  the  most  power- 
ful things  in  the  world,  and  together  cannot  easily  be  withstood. 
Cudworth.'] 

JOY. 

Throughout  the  Scriptures  disclosed  as  the  effect  of  trustful 
obedience,  and  the  accompaniment  of  grateful  recognition  of  Divine 
goodness  and  mercy.     Joy  was  a  prominent  element  in  all  the  ap- 


Christian  Graces — Joy.  209 

pointed  Feasts  of  Israel.  These  were  expressly  designed  as  Festi- 
vals of  Praise,  Thanksgiving  and  Gladness.  Indeed,  Praise  and  Joy 
together  constitute  the  burden  of  many  Psalms,  the  spirit  of  every 
Song,  the  key-note  of  saintly  expression  and  experience  in  the  entire 
O.  T.  history.  And  the  same  design  of  God,  in  the  production  of 
grateful  joy  as  the  result  of  obedient  trust,  appears  in  repeated 
words  of  Christ  and  the  N.  T.  writers.  A  few  texts  only  can  be 
noted : 

Old  Testament:  Deut.  16:  11.  Thou  shalt  rejoice  before  the 
Lord  thy  God.  II.  411,  2.  Lev.  23:40.  II.  421.  Deut.  12:18.  Re- 
joice in -all  that  thou  puttest  thy  hand  unto.  II.  662.  Deut.  26:  11. 
Rejoice  in  all  the  good  which  the  Lord  hath  given  thee  and  thy  house. 
II.  675.  Ps.  5:11.  Those  that  trust  rejoice.  IV.  67.  Ps.  37:4.  De- 
light thyself  in  the  Lord,  and  He  shall  give  thee  the  desires  of  thy 
heart.  IV.  274.  Ps.  97:12.  Rejoice  in  the  Lord  and  give  thanks. 
V.  159.  Ps.  118:15.  Voice  of  rejoicing.  V.  284.  Ps.  149: 2. .Re- 
joice and  be  joyful.  V.  497.  Isa.  12:3.  With  joy  shall  ye  draw. 
VIII.  83.  Isa.  41:16.  VIII.  216.  Neh.  8:10.  Joy  of  the  Lord  is 
your  strength.  VII.  563-565.  Hab.  3:18.  Yet  I  will  rejoice.  IX. 
521,  2.  Ps.  32:11.  Be  glad,  rejoice,  be  joyful.  IV.  245,  246.  Ps. 
13:5.  IV.  104.  Ps.  21:6.  IV.  167.  Ps.  33:1.  IV.  247.  Ps.  43:4. 
IV.  391.  Ps.  104:34.  V.  202.  Ps.  119:  III.  V.  334.  Eccl.  11:9.  VI. 
511.     Isa.   12:3.  VIII.  83. 

New  Testament:  John  15:11.  That  your  joy  might  be  full. 
X.  491.  John  16:22,  2*4.  Your  joy  no  man  taketh  from  you.  Ask 
and  receive  that  your  joy  be  full.  X.  502.  John  17:  13.  My  joy  ful- 
filled in  them,  i  John  i  :  4.  These  things  we  write  that  your  joy 
may  be  full.  Rom.  5:11.  We  joy  in  God,  through  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ.  XI.  218.  Phil.  4:4.  Rejoice  in  the  Lord  alway,  again  (third 
time)  I  say.  Rejoice.  XL  462.  i  Thes.  5:16.  Rejoice  evermore. 
XL  495.  I  Tim.  6:  17.  Who  giveth  us  richly  all  things  to  enjoy. 
XL  526,  7.  Christ's  word,  "  Be  of  good  cheer."  Matt.  9 :  2.  Matt. 
14:27.  His  last  word.     John  16:23. 

Hints  as  to  present  enjoyment.  Prov.  15:15.  Cheerful 
countenance.  Cheerful  heart.  VI.  332.  Prov.  17:22.  VI.  348.  Ec- 
cles.  5:18.  19.  VI.  474.  Eccles.  7:14.  VI.  485.  Eccles.  8:15.  VI. 
494.     Eccles.  9:7.  VI.  497   8.     Eccles.  11:9.  VI.  511,  2. 

Alliances  of  Joy :  Righteousness,  peace,  and  joy  in  the  Holy 
Ghost,  as  elements  of  the  indwelling  kingdom  of  God.  Rom.  14:  17. 

14 


2IO  Christian  Graces — Joy.     Peace. 

XI.  269.  Hope,  peace,  and  faith.  Rom.  15:13.  The  God  of  hope 
fill  you  with  all  joy  and  peace  in  believing.  XL  273.  Love,  peace, 
longsuffering,  kindness,  goodness,  meekness,  self-control.  Gal.  5 :  22. 
XL  407.  Hope,  faith,  and  love,  the  conditions  of  joy.  i  Pet.  i :  8. 
XL  647.  Doing  Good.  Eccles.  3:  12.  Rejoice  and  do  good.  VL  460, 
461. 

Fullness  of  Joy,  a  Final  and  Abiding  Experience.       Ps.  16: 

II.  In  Thy  presence  is  fullness  of  joy,  pleasures  for  evermore.  IV. 
122-125.  Ps.  17:15.  Satisfied,  when  I  aw^ake,  with  Thy  likeness. 
IV.  129-133.  Jude  24.  Faultless  before  the  presence  of  His  glory  in 
exceeding  joy.  XL  711. 

PEACE. 
From  God. 

Rom.  15:33.  2  Cor.  13:11.  Heb.  13:20,  etc.  The  God  of 
Peace.  Num.  6:26.  The  Lord  give  thee  peace.  II.  334.  Ps.  29:  11. 
Will  bless  His  people  with  peace.  IV.  218-220.  Ps.  85 :  8.  Will  speak 
peace.  V.  76.  2  Thes.  3:  16.  The  Lord  of  peace  give  you  peace.  XL 
504.  Gal.  5 :  22.  Fruit  of  the  Spirit  is  peace.  XL  407.  Covenant  of 
Peace.  Isa.  54:  10. 

[His  people  may  sometimes  want  peace,  when  without  are  fight- 
ings and  within  are  fears;  but  sooner  or  later,  God  will  speak  peace 
to  them ;  if  He  do  not  command  outward  peace,  yet  He  will  suggest 
inward  peace;  speaking  that  to  their  hearts  by  His  Spirit  which  He 
has  spoken  to  their  ears  by  His  Word  and  ministers,  and  making 
them  to  hear  joy  and  gladness.     Henry.'] 

Christ  our  Peace,  and  Giver  of  Peace. 

Luke  2:14.  On  earth  peace.  Isa.  53:5.  Our  peace  on  Him. 
VIII.  281.  Micah  5:5.  This  man  shall  be  peace.  IX.  435.  Eph.  2: 
14,  15.  He  is  our  peace.  XL  422.  John  14:27.  Peace  I  leave.  My 
peace  I  give.  X.  487.     John  16:33.  In  Me,  peace.  X.  503. 

Sources  and  Conditions  of  Peace: 

Trust.  Isa.  26:3.  Thou  wilt  keep  in  perfect  peace,  because  he 
trusteth  in  thee.  VIII.  123.  Rom.  15:  13.  Fill  with  peace  in  believ- 
ing. XL  273.  Being  justified.  Rom.  5:  i.  We  have  peace.  XL  215. 
Love  of  the  Word.  Ps.  119:  165.  Great  peace  who  love  Thy  law.  V. 
354.  Following  paths  of  Wisdom.  Prov.  3:  17.  Her  paths  are  peace. 
Rightness  of  life.  Isa.  32:  17.  Work  of  righteousness  is  peace.  VIII. 


Christian  Graces — Humility.  211 

151,  159.  160.  Isa.  48:18.  VIII.  253.  James  3:18.  Righteousness 
sown  in  peace.  XI.  634.  Spiritual-mindcdncss.  Rom.  8:6.  To  be 
spiritually  minded  is  peace.  XI.  234.  Kingdom  of  God  in  the  heart. 
Rom.  14:  17.  Kingdom  is  righteousness,  peace,  and  joy  in  Holy 
Ghost.  XI.  269.     Praise  and  Peace.  Isa.  57 :  19.  VIII.  325,  6. 

Present  and  Ultimate  Returns. 

Phil.  4:6,  7.  Keep  your  hearts  and  minds  in  the  knowledge  and 
love  of  God.  XI.  463.  Ps.  37:37.  The  latter  end  is  peace.  IV.  283. 
Isa.  57:2.  Enter  into  peace.  VIII.  321.     See  Rest,  Top.  An.,  p.  447. 

To  be  Sought  and  How. 

Ps.  34:  14.  Seek  peace  and  pursue  it.  IV.  257.  Job  22:21.  Ac- 
quaint thyself  with  God,  and  be  at  peace.  VI.  128.  Zech.  8:  19. 
Love  truth  and  peace.  IX.  585.  Col.  3:15.  Let  the  peace  of  God 
rule  in  your  hearts.  XI.  479.  Isa.  27:5.  Lay  hold  of  My  strength 
and  make  peace  with  Me.  VIII.  133. 

HUMILITY,  Lowliness,  Meekness. 

(Mainly  the  same  word  in  Heb.  and  Gr.) 

Its  Significance  fully  and  finely  Expressed:     Ps.  131. 

V.  406-409.     Jas.  3:13.  XI.  634.     XL  451.     Van  O. 

Advantages  and  Returns,    Prov.   16:19.  Better  a  lowly 

spirit.  \T.  341.  Prov.  15:33;  18:12.  Before  honor  is  humility.  VI. 
335'  2)S--  Prov.  29:23.  VI.  418.  Prov.  22:4.  The  reward  of  humil- 
ity and  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  riches,  honor,  and  life.  VL  375,  6. 
Matt.  18:4.  Luke  14:11.  Humbleth  himself  shall  be  exalted.  X. 
290.  Ps.  22:26.  Meek  shall  be  satisfied.  IV.  176.  Ps.  37:11.  In- 
herit the  earth."  IV.  279.  Ps.  138:6.  He  hath  respect  to  the  lowly. 
\'.  437.  Prov.  3:34.  Giveth  grace  to  lowly.  VL  260.  Prov.  11:2. 
With  lowly  is  wisdom.  VI.  302.  James  4:6.  XL  636.  i  Pet.  5:5. 
XL  667.  Isa.  57:  15.  Dwell  with  humble  spirit,  to  revive.  VIII.  323. 
Ps.  25:9.  Guide  and  teach  the  meek.  IV.  196.  Ps.  147:6.  Upholdeth 
the  meek.  Ps.  149:4.  Will  beautify  the  meek  with  salvation.  V.  497, 
8.     Matt.  5 :  5.  Blessed  the  meek,  they  shall  inherit  the  earth.  X.  146. 

Urgent  Counsels.  Micah  6 :  9.  Walk  humbly  with  thy  God. 
IX.   485.     Zeph.   2:3.  Ye   meek,   seek  the   Lord,   seek   righteousness, 


212  Christian  Graces — Patience. 

seek  meekness.  IX.  529.  Col.  3 :  12.  Put  on  humbleness  of  mind, 
meekness.  XI.  479.  i  Pet.  5:5,  6.  Be  clothed  with  humility.  XI. 
667.  Eph.  4:2.  Walk  with  all  lowliness  and  meekness,  i  Tim.  6: 
II.  Follow  after  meekness.  XL  526.  Titus  3:2.  Showing  all  meek- 
ness to  all  men.  Phil.  2:3.  In  lowliness  of  mind  esteem  other  better. 
XI.  451.  Rom.  12:10.  In  honor  preferring  one  another.  XT.  259. 
James  4:10.  Humble  yourselves.  XL  637.  i  Pet.  2:23;  5:5.  XL 
656,  667.     VI I.  409,  410. 


PATIENCE.     Lit.,  FORBEARANCE,  LONGSUFFERING, 
ENDURANCE,   CONTINUANCE. 

Patience  is  not  a  passive,  stolid  and  hopeless  condition,  but  an 
active,  sensitive,  expectant  state,  engaging  the  full  energy  of  mind, 
heart  and  will. 

Wrought  by  Trial. 

Rom.  5  :  3.  Tribulation  worketh  patience.  XL  216.  James  i :  3. 
Trying  of  faith  worketh  patience.  XL  617,  619.  2  Thes.  i :  4.  We 
glory  in  you  for  your  patience  in  tribulations. 

Effects  and  Rewards. 

Ps.  40:  I.  I  waited  patiently,  and  He  heard  my  cry.  IV.  296,  7. 
Eccles.  7:8.  Patient  in  spirit,  better  than  the  proud.  VI.  482,  3. 
Rom.  5:4.  Patience  worketh  experience  (probation).  XL  216. 
Rom.  15:4.  Through  patience  hope.  XL  272.  Col.  i  :  11.  Strength- 
ened unto  all  patience  with  joyfulness.  XL  469.  Heb.  6:  12.  Through 
faith  and  patience  inherit  the  promises.  XL  576.  Rom.  2:7.  By 
patient  continuance  in  well-doing,  eternal  life.  XL  205.  Heb.  10: 
36.  Need  of  patience  that  ye  may  receive  the  promise.     Rev.  3 :  10. 

To  be  Sought  and  Exercised. 

I  Tim.  6:11.  Follow  after  patience.  XL  526.  Rom.  12:12.  Be 
patient  in  tribulation.  XL  261.  James  5:7,  10,  11.  Be  patient  (ex- 
amples: Job  and  the  prophets).  XL  640,  i.  2  Pet.  1:6.  Add  pa- 
tience. XL  672.  Heb.  12:1.  Run  with  patience.  XL  604.  Ps.  37: 
7.  Wait  patiently  for  God.  IV.  276-278.  Read  VI.  226.  Luke  8: 
15.  Bring  forth  fruit  with  patience.  Luke  21  :  19.  In  patience  pos- 
sess your  souls.  2  Cor.  6:4.  Commending  ourselves,  in  much  pa- 
tience.   I  Thes.  5:  14.  Be  patient  toward  all.    James  1:4.  Let  patience 


Christian  Graces — Waiting  on  God.  213 

have  its  perfect  work.     James  5 :  7,  8.  Be  patient  until  the  coming  of 
the  Lord.     2  Thes.  3 :  5.  XI.  504. 

[Our  patience  is  quite  as  much  a  measure  of  our  wisdom  as  our 
enterprise.  Vast  is  the  loss  it  saves  by  keeping  for  efficient  action 
the  time  and  thought  saved  from  fretting  and  struggling  against 
what  cannot  be  helped.  Vast  is  the  gain  it  secures  by  keeping  the 
soul  calm  before  God,  accepting  the  allotments  of  His  Providence, 
and  watching  wisely  the  lessons  of  the  events  which  it  cannot  control 
Hallock.'] 

Its  Alliances: 

IVifh  Hope.  Rom.  8:25.  If  we  hope  then  do  we  with  patience 
wait.  Rom.  15:4.  Through  patience  and  comfort  of  the  Scriptures 
we  might  have  hope,  i  Thes.  i :  3.  Remembering  your  patience  of 
hope. 

IVith  Other  Graces,  i  Tim.  6:11.  Follow  after  righteousness, 
godliness,  faith,  love,  patience,  meekness.  2  Tim.  3:  10.  Faith,  love, 
patience.  2  Pet.  i :  6,  7.  Temperance,  patience,  godliness,  love.  Rev. 
13:  10.  Here  is  the  patience  and  the  faith  of  the  saints.     Rev.  14:  12. 

Akin  to  Patience,  and  closely  associated  in  the  Scripture  is 

WAITING  ON  GOD.  Heb.,  To  be  silent  (quiet),  wait 
for  and  look  for.  Waiting  is  conditioned  upon  and  iniplies  abso- 
lute trust  and  restful  reliance  upon  God. 

Earnestly  Counseled. 

Ps.  27 :  14.  Wait  on  the  Lord :  be  strong  and  take  courage :  yea, 
wait  thou  on  the  Lord.  IV.  211,  212.  Ps.  37:  5,  7,  9,  34.  Rest  in  the 
Lord,  and  wait  patiently  for  Him.  Wait,  and  keep  His  way  (with 
promise).  IV.  275-279,  282.  Ps.  62:  5.  My  soul,  wait  thou  only  upon 
God.  IV.  417.     Prov.  20:22.  VI.  366.     Ex.   14:13.  II.  47. 

Promised  Results. 

Lam.  3 :  25,  26.  The  Lord  is  good  to  them  that  wait  for  Him.  It 
is  good  that  a  man  should  hope  and  quietly  wait  for  the  Lord's  sal- 
vation. VIII.  605-607.  Isa.  30:15.  18.  In  quietness  and  confidence 
shall  be  your  strength.  i31essed  are  they  that  wait  for  Him.  VIII. 
150-152-  Isa.  49:23.  They  shall  not  be  ashamed  that  wait  for  Me. 
VIII.  261.  Isa.  64:4.  A  God  who  worketh  for  him  that  waiteth  for 
Him.  VIII.   371.     Isa.  40:31.  They  that  wait  upon   the  Lord  shall 


214  Christian  Graces — Childheartedness. 

renew  their  strength;  they  shall  run  and  not  be  weary.  VIII.  2ii,  212. 
Rom.  8:  19,  25.  Waiteth  for  the  revealing  of  the  sons  of  God.  Then 
do  we  with  patience  wait  for  it.  XI.  238,  9.  i  Cor.  i  :  7.  Waiting 
for  the  revelation  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  who  shall  also  confirm 
you  to  the  end.  XL  279.  Gal.  5  :  5.  For  we  through  the  Spirit  by 
faith  wait  for  the  hope  of  righteousness. 

Trustful  and  Triumphant  Testimonies. 

Ps.  25:  5.  On  Thee  do  I  wait  all  the  day.  IV.  195.  Ps.  40:  i.  I 
waited  patiently  for  the  Lord,  and  He  heard  my  cry.  IV.  296,  7.  Ps. 
62.  My  soul  waiteth  only  upon  God.  IV.  416,  7.  Ps.  130:5.  I  wait 
for  the  Lord,  my  soul  doth  wait,  and  in  His  word  do  I  hope.  V.  402, 
3.  Micah  7 :  7.  I  will  wait  for  the  God  of  my  salvation ;  my  God 
will  hear  me.  IX.  489.  Isa.  25:9.  Lo,  this  is  our  God;  we  have 
waited  for  Him ;  let  us  rejoice  and  be  glad  in  His  salvation.  VIII. 
121. 

Patient,  trustful  waiting  upon  God  in  hours  and  days  of  dark- 
ness, struggle  and  suffering,  is  the  Divine  order,  with  ample  promises. 
According  to  the  above  inexpressibly  sweet  utterances  of  saints  and 
pledges  of  God,  such  waiting  is  a  chief  condition  and  means  by  which 
strength  is  renewed  and  courage  re-enforced  for  persistent  advance 
unto  high  and  yet  higher  spiritual  attainment,  terminated  at  length 
in  "  quietness  and  assurance  forever."  Isa.  26:  3.  Thou  wilt  keep  him 
in  perfect  peace  whose  thought  is  stayed  on  Thee;  because  he  trusteth 
in  Thee.  VIII.  123,  124.  Heb.  12:  11.  All  chastening  seemeth  for  the 
present  to  be  not  joyous  but  grievous ;  yet  aftcrzvard  it  yiddcth  peace- 
able fruit  unto  them  that  have  been  exercised  thereby,  CA^en  the  fruit 
of  righteousness.  XI.  607.  Isa.  32:17.  The  work  of  righteousness 
shall  be  peace ;  and  the  effect  of  righteousness  quietness  and  assurance 
forever.  VIII.    159. 


CHILDHEARTEDNESS,  or  the  Childlike  Spirit  in 
Religion. 

This  may  be  described  as  a  condition  or  frame  of  mind,  combin- 
ing a  feeling  of  restful  dependence  upon  and  a  docile,  obedient,  loving 
trust  in,  the  Divine  Caretaker.  It  includes  simplicity  of  spirit,  open- 
ness of  ear  and  heart,  with  assurance  of  faith  and  hope  and  love.  It 
carries  within  it  a  living  sense  of  childship  to  God,  a  deep  quiet  reali- 
zation of  the  child-relation  to  God,  and  a  daily  experience  of  glad 
response  in  heart  and  word  and  deed  to  every  call  of  the  Father  to 


Christian  Graces — Wisdom.  215 

fellowship  and  service.     This  is  the  vital  essence  of  "  pure  religion  " 
or  genuine  godliness. 

The  Scriptures  present  many  points  bearing  upon  the  nature, 
elements  and  blessed  effects  of  the  childlike  spirit.  Chief  among 
these,  distinctive  and  clear,  are  the  utterances  of  Christ.  Matt.  18: 
2-5.  Except  ye  become  as  little  children,  ye  shall  not  enter  into  the 
kingdom  of  heaven.  X.  290.  Mark  10:  15.  Whosoever  shall  not  re- 
ceive the  kingdom  of  God  as  a  little  child,  he  shall  not  enter  therein. 
X.  337,  338- 

Characteristic  Effects  of  the  Child-Spirit,  Stated  or  Im- 
plied. 

Matt.  5 :  9.  The  peace-makers  shall  be  called  the  children  of  God. 
X.  147.  Matt.  5:44,  45.  Love  your  enemies,  and  pray  for  them  that 
persecute  you;  that  ye  may  be  the  children  of  your  Father  in  heaven. 
X.  153,  154.  Eph.  5:1.  Imitators  of  God.  as  beloved  children.  XL 
135.  Eph.  5:8.  Walk  as  children  of  the  light.  XL  436.  Heb.  12:5. 
Regard  not  lightly  the  chastening  of  the  Lord,  nor  faint  when  thou 
art  reproved  of  Him.  XL  605.  i  Pet.  i  :  14.  As  children  of  obedi- 
ence, not  fashioning  yourselves  according  to  your  former  lusts  in 
the  time  of  your  ignorance ;  but  be  ye  yourselves  holy  in  all  manner 
of  living.  XL  649.  Prov.  4 :  20.  Attend  to  My  words.  VI.  268. 
Promise.  Isa.  54:13.  All  thy  children  shall  be  taught  of  the  Lord, 
and  great  shall  be  the  peace  of  thy  children.  VIII.  296.  Illustra- 
tion. Ps.  131 : 2.  My  soul  is  like  a  weaned  child.  V.  407,  408.  Word 
of  Caution.  2  Cor.  11:5.  I  fear  lest  your  minds  should  be  corrupted 
from  the  simplicity  and  purity  that  is  toward  Christ.  XL  383. 

WISDOM. 

In  its  high  and  broad  Scriptural  sense,  it  denotes  the  right  dis- 
cernment of  the  soul's  revealed  relations,  duties  and  needs,  together 
with  a  willing  application  and  heartfelt  use  of  these  God-given  reve- 
lations in  the  right  ordering  of  the  spiritual  life.  Thus  it  concerns 
knowledge,  feeling  and  conduct,  and  includes  the  action  of  reason, 
heart  and  will.  It  is  to  be  used  in  the  believer's  own  "  growth  in 
grace  and  knowledge,"  in  order  to  his  spiritual  advancement  and 
fruitfulness,  and  in  His  helpfulness  to  other  souls;  and  thus  in  the 
promotion  of  the  glory  of  God.  In  the  Proverbs  it  is  personified  as 
a  synonym  of  piety,  of  which  "  the  fear  of  God  is  the  beginning  " 
and  the  foundation.  Prov.  9:  10.     Job  15:2.  VI.  95.     Job  28:  12,  28. 

VI.  147-152. 


2i6  Christian  Graces — Wisdom. 

Wisdom  the  Gift  of  God,  by  Christ. 

Prov.  2 :  6.  For  the  Lord  giveth  wisdom.  VI.  244.  Dan.  2 :  21. 
He  giveth  wisdom.  lUus.  Dan.  1:17.  God  gave  them  knowledge  and 
wisdom.     Ex.  35:31,  35-  He  filled  with  wisdom  of  heart. 

Eph.  2:  17,  18.  The  God  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  may  give  unto 
you  a  spirit  of  wisdom  and  revelation  in  the  knowledge  of  Him; 
having  the  eyes  of  your  heart  enlightened,  that  ye  may  know  what 
is  the  hope  of  His  calling,  and  what  the  riches  of  the  glory  of  His 
inheritance  in  the  Saints,  i  Cor.  i :  24,  30.  Christ  the  wisdom  of 
God.  Who  was  made  unto  us  wisdom  from  God,  and  righteousness, 
and  sanctification,  and  redemption. 

Proffered  to  All. 

Prov.  8:  1-4.  Doth  not  wisdom  cry?  She  standeth  by  the  way 
in  the  places  of  the  paths.  She  crieth  at  the  entry  of  the  city,  at  the 
coming  in  at  the  doors :  Unto  you,  O  men,  I  call,  and  my  voice  is  to 
the  sons  of  men.  VL  286,  287.  Prov.  1:20.  Wisdom  crieth  without; 
she  uttereth  her  voice  in  the  streets:  How  long,  ye  simple  ones,  will 
ye  love  simplicity;  and  fools  hate  knowledge?  Turn  you  at  my  re- 
proof! Behold  I  will  pour  out  my  spirit  unto  you,  I  will  make 
known  my  words  unto  you.  VL  238. 

The  Righteous  its  Recipients. 

Prov.  2:7.  He  layeth  up  sound  wisdom  for  the  righteous.  VL 
244.     Prov.   10:8.  The  wise  in  heart  will  receive  commandments. 

Imparted  through  the  Word. 

Col.  3:  16.  Let  the  word  of  Christ  dwell  in  you  richly  in  all  wis- 
dom. 2  Tim.  3:15.  The  holy  Scriptures  which  are  able  to  make 
thee  wise  unto  salvation. 

Wisdom  to  be  Earnestly  Sought. 

Job  22:21.  VL  128-131.  Prov.  4:7.  Wisdom  is  the  principal 
thing;  therefore  get  wisdom.  VL  262.  Prov.  2:4,  5.  U  thou  seekest 
her  as  silver,  and  searchest  for  her  as  hid  treasures,  then  shalt  thou 
understand  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  and  find  the  knowledge  of  God.  VI. 
243.  James  1:5.  If  any  man  lack  wisdom,  let  him  ask  of  God,  who 
giveth  to  all  liberally,  and  upbraideth  not.  The  Psalmist's  prayer: 
Ps.  90:  12.  So  teach  us  to  number  our  days  that  we  may  apply  our 
hearts  unto  wisdom.  V.  iii. 


Longing  after  God.  217 

Promised  Fruits  and  Blessings. 

Prov.  2:  i-ii,  13-24.  When  wisdom  entereth  into  thy  heart,  and 
knowledge  is  pleasant  to  thy  soul,  discretion  shall  preserve  thee  and 
understanding  shall  keep  thee.  VI.  242-246.  Prov.  3:13-17.  Happy 
is  the  man  that  findeth  wisdom.  .She  is  more  precious  than  rubies, 
and  all  the  things  thou  canst  desire  are  not  to  be  compared  with  her. 
Her  ways  are  ways  of  pleasantness,  and  all  her  paths  are  peace.  She 
is  a  tree  of  life  to  them  that  lay  hold  upon  her.  VI.  255,  7.  Prov.  4: 
8,  9.  Exalt  her,  and  she  shall  promote  thee;  she  shall  bring  thee  to 
honor ;  she  shall  compass  thee  with  a  crown  of  glory.  VI.  262.  Prov. 
8:34,  35..  Blessed  is  the  man  that  heareth  me,  watching  daily  at  my 
gates,  waiting  at  my  doors.  For  whoso  findeth  me  findeth  life,  and 
shall  obtain  favor  of  the  Lord.  VI.  290.  Hosea  14:9.  Who  is  wise 
and  he  shall  understand  these  things?  for  the  ways  of  the  Lord  are 
right,  and  the  just  shall  walk  in  them.  IX.  381.  Ps.  107:43.  Whoso 
is  wise  and  will  observe  these  things,  even  they  shall  understand  the 
loving-kindness  of  the  Lord.  V.  220.  James  3 :  17.  The  wisdom 
that  is  from  above  is  first  pure,  then  peaceable,  gentle,  easy  to  be 
intreated.  full  of  mercy  and  good  fruits,  without  variance,  without 
hypocrisy.  XI.  634. 

The  Wisdom  of  the  World,  or  "  Fleshly  Wisdom  "  (2  Cor. 
i:  12).     In  Contrast  with  the  Wisdom  from  Above. 

James  3:15.  This  wisdom  is  not  a  wisdom  that  cqmeth  down 
from  above,  but  is  earthly,  sensual,  devilish  (corresponding  with  the 
three  foes  of  the  soul.'the  world,  the  flesh,  and  the  devil).  XI.  634. 
I  Cor.  1:21.  The  world  through  its  wisdom  knew  not  God.  i  Cor. 
2:5,  6.  Your  faith  should  not  stand  in  the  wisdom  of  men.  We 
speak  a  wisdom  not  of  this  world,  i  Cor.  4:  19,  21.  For  the  wisdom 
of  this  vvorld  is  foolishness  with  God.  Wherefore  let  no  one  glory 
in  men.  Jer.  9:23.  Let  not  the  wise  man  glory  in  his  wisdom.  VIII. 
441.  Rom.  12:  16.  Be  not  wise  in  your  own  conceits.  Deut.  32:29. 
Oh,  that  they  were  wise,  that  they  understood  this,  that  they  would 
consider  their  latter  end !  II.  729. 


LONGING,    OR    THIRSTING,    AFTER    GOD. 
Expressions  of  I,onging  by  Old  Testament  Saints. 

Ps.  42:1,  2.  As  the  hart  panteth  after  the  water  brooks,  so 
panteth  my  soul  after  thee,  O  God.  My  soul  thirsteth  for  God,  for 
the  living  God.  IV.  311,  312,  321.     Ps.  63:  i,  8.  O  God,  Thou  art  my 


2i8  Longing  after  God. 

God;  my  soul  thirsteth  for  Thee.  My  soul  followeth  hard  after  Thee. 
IV.  426,  427,  431.  Ps.  73:25.  Whom  have  I  in  heaven  but  Thee? 
And  there  is  none  upon  earth  that  I  desire  beside  Thee.  V.  12.  Ps. 
84:2.  My  soul  longeth,  yea,  even  fainteth.  .  .  .  My  heart  and 
my  flesh  cry  out  unto  the  living. God.  V.  87.  Ps.  119:20.  My  soul 
breaketh  for  the  longing  it  hath  for  Thy  judgments  at  all  times.  V. 
297.  Ps.  130:6.  My  soul  is  unto  the  Lord,  etc.  V.  403.  Ps.  143:6. 
I  spread  forth  my  hands  unto  Thee:  my  soul  thirsteth  after  Thee.  V. 
463.  Job  23 :  3.  Oh  that  I  knew  where  I  might  find  Him.  VI.  132, 
133.  Isa.  26:9.  With  my  soul  have  I  desired  Thee;  yea,  with  my 
spirit  within  me  will  I  seek  Thee.  VIIL  127. 

Looking  and  Seeking  of  the  Longing  Soul. 

Ps.  27:8.  My  heart  said  to  Thee,  Thy  face.  Lord,  will  I  seek. 
IV.  208.  Ps.  34 : 4.  I  sought  the  Lord,  and  He  answered  me.  IV. 
252.  Ps.  77:6.  My  spirit  made  diligent  search.  V.  33,  34.  Ps.  119:. 
10.  With  my  whole  heart  have  I  sought  Thee.  V.  290.  Micah  7 :  7. 
As  for  me,  I  will  look  unto  the  Lord.  IX.  489.  Heb.  12 :  2.  Looking 
unto  Jesus.  Ps.  4:6.  Who  will  show  us  any  good?  (so  say  dissatis- 
fied men  of  the  world;  but  the  longing  soul  trustingly  cries)  Lord, 
lift  upon  me  the  light  of  Thy  countenance.  IV.  61. 

Promises  to  the  Longing  Soul. 

Ps.  37:4.  The  Lord  shall  give  thee  the  desires  cf  thy  heart.  IV. 
274.  Ps.  103:5.  Who  satisfieth  thy  soul  with  good.  V.  181.  Ps. 
107:9.  He  satisfieth  the  longing  soul,  and  the  hungry  soul  he  filleth 
with  good.  Jer.  29 :  13.  Ye  shall  find  Me,  when  ye  shall  search  for 
Me  with  all  your  heart.  VIIL  529.  Matt.  5:6.  Blessed  are  they  that 
hunger  and  thirst  after  righteousness.  X.  146.  Matt.  6:33.  Seek  ye 
first  the  kingdom  of  God  and  His  righteousness ;  and  all  these  things 
(all  needed  temporal  good)   shall  be  added  unto  you.  X.  163. 

[Love  bears  one's  soul  up;  and  it  has  been  truly  said  that  the 
soul  is  more  where  it  loves  than  where  it  actually  is.  Thought  and 
desire  are  the  wings  of  love;  for  he  that  loves  is  borne  on  to  and 
abides  in  what  he  loves  by  thinking  constantly  on  and  longing  for 
the  object  of  his  love.  Whoever  truly  and  from  his  heart  loves  God, 
by  thinking  on  Him  and  longing  for  Him,  lifts  up  his  soul  to  God. 
Bellarmine.'] 


Affliction.  219 


AFFLICTIONS    AND    TEMPTATIONS. 
As  needful  Conditions  and  Helps  to  Christian  Living. 

Both  may  be  regarded  as  indirectly  from  God  so  far  as  they 
occur  through  the  undisturbed  operation  of  natural  laws,  and  through 
the  ordering  of  Providential  environments  and  allotments,  and  the 
overruling  of  actual  events. 

AFFLICTION.  Other  terms:  Chastening;  Grief;  Pain; 
Sorrow ; '  Tribulation ;  Trouble. 

The  full,  clear.  Scriptural  points  are  as  follows: 

1.  God  Chastens,  in  Love. 

Deut.  8:5.  As  a  man  chasteneth  his  son,  so  the  Lord  thy  God 
chasteneth  thee.  II.  649.  Prov.  3:11,  12.  Whom  the  Lord  loveth  He 
chasteneth.  VI.  254.  Heb.  12 :  5-7.  XI.  605,  6.  Rev.  3 :  19.  As  many 
as  I  love,  I  reprove  and  chasten.  XL  736.  Deut.  8:  16.  To  do  thee 
good.  II.  651.  Ps.  39:9.  Thou  didst  it.  IV.  293.  Jer.  31:  18.  VIII. 
544.  Jer.  10:24.  VIII.  447.  Isa.  48:  10.  I  have  chosen  thee  in  the 
furnace  of  affliction.  VIII.  249.  Mai.  3:3.  IX.  638,  9.  Ps.  94:12. 
Blessed  the  man  whom  Thou  chasteneth,  O  Lord.  V.  136,  7,  Job  5 : 
17,  18.  VI.  41,  2.  Job  23:10.  VI.  134.  Ps.  119:75.  In  faithfulness 
hast  thou  afHicted  me.  V.  320.  Lam.  3 :  32,  33.  Though  He  cause 
grief,  yet  will  He  have  compassion,  for  He  doth  not  afflict  willingly. 
VIII.  608.  9.  Job  37:23.  VI.  194.  Hosea  6:  i.  The  Lord  hath  torn 
and  He  will  heal.  IX.  352.     Zech.  13:9.  IX.  608-10. 

[Trial  brings  man  face  to  face  with  God— God  and  he  touch ;  he 
feels  that  he  is  standing  outside  the  earth,  with  nothing  between 
him  and  the  Eternal  Infinite.  Oh,  there  is  something  in  the  sick- 
bed, and  the  aching  heart,  and  the  restlessness  and  languor  of.  shat- 
tered health,  and  the  sorrow  of  affections  withered,  and  the  cold, 
lonely  feeling  of  utter  rawness  of  heart  which  is  felt  when  God 
strikes  home  in  earnest,  that  forces  a  man  to  feel  what  is  real  and 
what  is  not.     F.  W.  Robertson. 

When  God  doth  afflict  you,  then  He  doth  bring  you  to  the  touch- 
stone to  see  whether  you  aie  good  metal  or  no;  He  doth  bring  you 
then  to  the  furnace  to  try  whether  you  be  dross  or  gold.  Affliction 
is  the  great  discoverer  that  unmasks  us.  While  religion  and  pros- 
perity go  together,  it  is  hard  to  say  v/hich  a  man  follows ;  but  when 


2  20  Affliction. 

once  they  are  forced  to  a  separation,  where  the  heart  was  will  soon 
be   manifest.     Caryl. 

If  God,  by  the  affliction  that  is  upon  thee,  shall  teach  thee  how 
to  loathe  sin  more,  how  to  trample  upon  the  world  more  and  how  to 
walk  with  God  more,  thy  afflictions  are  in  love.  If  God  shall  teach 
thee  by  afflictions  how  to  die  to  sin  more,  and  how  to  die  to  thy  self- 
interest  more,  thy  afflictions  are  in  love.  If  God  shall  teach  thee  by 
afflictions  how  to  live  to  Christ  more,  how  to  lift  up  Christ  more  and 
how  to  long  for  Christ  more,  thy  afflictions  are  in  love.  Thos. 
Brooks. 

Not  only  knowledge,  but  also  every  other  gift  which  we  call 
the  gifts  of  fortune,  have  power  to  puff  up  earth;  afflictions  only  level 
these  mole-hills  of  pride,  plow  the  heart  and  make  it  fit  for  wisdom 
to  sow  her  seed  and  for  grace  to  bring  forth  her  increase.  Happy  is 
that  man,  therefore,  both  in  regard  of  heavenly  and  earthly  wisdom, 
that  is  thus  wounded  to  be  cured,  thus  broken  to  be  made  straight; 
thus  made  acquainted  with  his  own  imperfections  that  he  may  be 
perfected.     Bacon. 

The  essence  of  Christianity  is  self-renunciation ;  and  the  disci- 
pline that  brings  us  to  feel  our  childlike  dependence  is  the  perfecting 
of  our  piety.  Grief  after  grief  brings  us  to  joy.  Broken  in  spirit, 
we  are  made  whole ;  humbled,  we  are  exalted.  We  gain  the  great 
victory  through  a  succession  of  defeats.     Bp.  Huntington.'] 

2.  Suffering  Needful  as  shown  by  its  Purpose  and 
Effects: 

Needful  for  testing,  proving  and  training;  for  gain,  in 
knowledge  of  self  and  God,  in  faith,  in  patience,  in  holiness, 
in  helpfulness  to  others  and  honor  to  God. 

Job  36:  VI.  186.  Ps.  94:12.  V.  136-139.  Deut.  8:2,  3,  16. 
Humble  thee  to  prove  thee,  to  do  thee  good.  II.  648,  651.  i  Pet.  i: 
6,  7.  Now  for  a  little  while  if  need  be,  ye  have  been  put  to  grief  in 
manifold  trials.  XI.  646,  7.  i  Cor.  11:32.  We  are  chastened  of  the 
Lord  that  we  may  not  be  condemned  with  the  world.  XI.  319.  Ps. 
119:67.  Before  I  was  afflicted  I  went  astray,  but  now  have  I  kept 
Thy  word.  V.  316.  Ps.  119:71.  Good  for  me  that  I  have  been  af- 
flicted, that  I  might  learn  Thy  statutes.  V.  318.  Hosea  5:15.  In  their 
affliction  they  will  seek  Me.  IX.  351.  Hosea  2:  14,  15.  IX.  339-342. 
VII.  377-379.  Zech.  13:9.  Refine  as  silver.  IX.  608.  James  1:3. 
The  trial  of  your  faith  worketh  patience.  XI.  617-619.  Rom.  5:3. 
Tribulation  worketh  patience.  XI.  216.     Heb.  12:11.  Chastening  for 


Affliction.  221 

the  present  is  grievous,  yet  afterward  it  yieldeth  peaceable  fruit  of 
righteousness.  XL  607.  Heb.  12:  10.  He  chastens  for  our  profit,  that 
\vc  may  be  partakers  of  His  hoHness.  XI.  606.  i  Pet.  4:  12.  XI.  664. 
I  Pet.  5 :  10.  XL  669.  2  Cor.  i  :  4.  That  we  may  be  able  to  comfort 
them  that  are  in  affliction  through  the  comfort  wherewith  we  are 
comforted  of  God.  XL  347.  Acts  14:22.  Through  many  tribula- 
tions we  must  enter  into  the  kingdom  of  God.  Rev.  7:  14.  Lam.  3:  i. 
VIII.  602.  Dan.  12:  10.  IX.  326-328.  John  15:2.  Every  branch  that 
beareth  fruit,  He  cleanseth  it,  that  it  may  bring  forth  more  fruit. 
X.  489. 

Trial  is  man's  only  and  compulsory  teacher  in  the  kiiozi'lrdge  of 
himself.  'Shutting  him  up  to  self-communion,  it  confronts  him  with 
the  supreme  questions  of  his  spiritual  and  immortal  being,  and  com- 
pels him  to  reflection  upon  the  issues  he  is  working  out  for  himself, 
upon  the  character  he  is  forming,  the  relations  he  sustains,  the  ground 
of  hope  for  the  future  he  is  cherishing  and  the  destiny  to  which  he 
is  hastening.  Did  not  the  merciful  hand  of  God  confront  him  with 
weariness  and  trial,  did  He  not  afflict  with  pain  and  bereave- 
ment he  would  never  pause  to  look  inward,  to  question  the  spirit  that 
inhabits  and  impels  him,  to  inquire  of  his  supreme  and  only  vital 
interests,  relations,  condition  and  prospects.  It  is  suffering  under 
its  varied  forms  that  leads  the  soul  to  self-investigation,  that  impels 
it  to  the  study  of  its  own  nature  and  destiny.  In  the  silence  of  sor- 
row or  pain  when  external  things  are  withdrawn  from  attention,  the 
thought  is  turned  inward.  Then  the  soul  begins  to  apprehend  its 
vast  capacities  of  thought  and  will  and  feeling,  of  action  and  happi- 
ness. Then  first  it  communes  with  its  aspirations  and  its  weakness, 
its  fears  and  its  hopes.  It  recognizes  its  ignorance  and  its  guilt,  its 
necessities  and  its  dangers.  Above  all,  it  realizes  its  relations  to 
God  as  Creator  and  Sovereign,  and  may  be  led  to  seek  and  find  rec- 
onciliation with  Him  as  Father,  Redeemer  and  Friend. 

Nor  is  knowledge  of  self  the  only  needful  effect  designed  and 
produced  by  trial.  "  Suffering  is  also  a  necessary  condition  and  means 
for  moving  the  soul  to  self-struggle  and  self -conquest.  It  is  through 
the  discipline  of  grief  and  anguish  that  the  moral  and  spiritual  forces 
are  knit  into  compactness  and  hardness,  aroused  to  intense  and 
steadfast  exertion  and  excited  to  resist  and  repel  the  demands  of  the 
old.  inborn,  selfish  self.  By  a  self-crucifying  process  thus  induced, 
with  God's  assured  help,  many  hearts  have  been  strengthened  to 
break  away  from  the  tremendous  forces  of  inbred  and  long  indulged 
corruption.  And  largely  by  the  same  self-struggle  and  crucifixion, 
wrought  under  God  through  trial,  believing  souls  have  had  the  Divine 


2  2  2  Affliction. 

forces  and  graces  of  piety  exercised,  invigorated  and  developed,  have 
had  increased  their  trust,  their  hope,  their  Christlike  endeavor,  have 
made  their  chief  progress  in  holiness  and  toward  heaven. 

And,  as  a  natural  and  blessed  result  of  self-knowledge  and  self- 
conquest,  imder  the  welcomed  indwelling  and  inworking  of  the  Spirit 
of  Christ,  the  new  man  gladly  enters  into  a  life-long  career  of  achieve- 
ment and  endurance  in  the  help  of  his  fellow  man.  As  the  ultimate 
effect  of  suffering,  he  becomes  an  active  and  fruitful  leader  in  every 
form  of  ministry  and  service  demanded  by  the  law  of  love. 

So  it  is,  we  may  conclude,  that  no  words  can  express  how  much 
of  gain  and  blessing  man  owes  to  trial,  how  many  its  uses,  how  vast 
its  extent  of  good  to  the  spiritual  universe. 

3.  God,  only  and  surely,  our  Deliverer  and  Comforter. 
Manifold  Promises  and  Fulfilments: 

2  Cor.  1:5.  As  sufferings  abound,  so  comfort  also  aboundeth 
through  Christ.  XI.  347.  2  Thes.  2:  16.  Hath  given  us  eternal  com- 
fort through  grace.  XL  503.  Isa.  43 : 2.  When  thou  passest  through 
the  waters,  I  will  be  with  thee.  VIII.  225.  Zech.  13:9.  I  will  bring 
thee  through  the  fire.  IX.  608,  9.  Illus.  Dan.  3:24,  25.  Nahum  i : 
7,  8.  In  their  trouble  He  knoweth  them  that  trust  in  Him.  Job  34: 
29.  When  He  giveth  quietness,  who  can  trouble?  Heb.  13:5.  He 
hath  said,  I  will  never  leave  thee,  nor  forsake  thee.  XI.  614.  HI.  37. 
Ps.  34:  19.  Many  the  afflictions  of  righteous,  but  the  Lord  delivereth 
from  all.  IV.  258.  Ps.  46:  i.  IV.  334.  Ps.  71 :  20.  IV.  477.  Ps.  91  : 
15.  V.  123.  Isa.  50:  10.  In  darkness  trust  in  the  Lord  and  stay  upon 
God.  VIII.  265.  Isa.  63 :  9.  In  all  their  affliction,  He  was  afflicted. 
VIII.  367.  Ps.  68:  19.  Daily  beareth  our  burdens.  IV.  464.  Ps.  145: 
14.  Raiseth  up  the  bowed  down.  V.  474.  Job  35:10.  Giveth  songs 
in  the  night.  VI.  184.  Hosea  2:14,  15.  I  will  bring  her  into  the 
wilderness,  and  speak  comfortably  to  her.  I  will  give  her  the  valley 
of  Trouble  for  a  door  of  hope.  IX.  339-41.  Isa.  51 :  12.  I,  even  I,  am 
He  that  comforteth  you.  VIII.  269.  Isa.  57:  18.  VIII.  325.  Isa.  66: 
13.  As  one  whom  his  mother  comforteth,  so  will  I  comfort  you.  VIII. 
384.  Isa.  30:21.  Tho  the  Lord  give  you  the  bread  of  adversity  and 
the  water  of  affliction,  yet  thine  ears  shall  hear  a  word  saying.  This 
is  the  way,  walk  ye  in  it.  VIII.  152.  John  14:  i.  Let  not  your  heart 
be  troubled,  trust  Me.  X.  480.  16:33.  I"  the  world  ye  have  tribula- 
tion, but  in  Me  peace.  X.  503.  John  14:  2,  3,  16-19,  27.  X.  480,  4,  5, 
7.  Jer.  16:  19.  My  refuge  in  the  day  of  trouble.  VIII.  474.  Nahum 
1 :  7.  Stronghold  in  trouble.  IX.  496.     Ps.  23 : 4.  Through  the  valley, 


Affliction. 


223 


Thou  art  with  me.  IV.  184.     Ps.  81 :  7.  Thou  calledst  in  trouble,  and 

1  deHvered  thee.     Ps.  27:  5.  IV.  207.     31 :  7.  IV.  230.     32:  7.  IV.  242. 

2  Cor.  1 :  10.  Who  delivered  us,  and  doth  deliver,  in  Whom  we  trust 
that  He  will  yet  deliver.  XI.  347.  Deut.  33 :  25.  As  thy  days,  so  shall 
thy  strength  be.  II.  735.  Ps.  84:6,  7.  Strength  to  strength.  V.  69. 
Deut.  ^^ :  2y.  The  eternal  God  thy  dwelling-place ;  and  underneath 
are  the  everlasting  arms.  II.  736.  Ezek.  11:16.  A  sanctuary.  IX. 
55. 

4.  God  to  be  Sought,  with  Submission,  Trust,  Patient 
Obedience,  and  Hope. 

Job  '34:33-  As  Thou  wilt.  VI.  181.  Ps.  46:10.  Be  still,  and 
know  that  I  am  God.  IV.  336,  7.  Illus.  Eli.  i  Sam.  3:  18.  It  is  the 
Lord,  let  Him  do  what  seemeth  Him  good.  Job  i :  21.  The  Lord 
gave,  hath  taken  away.  Blessed  be  the  name  of  the  Lord.  VI.  21, 
22.  Lev.  10:3.  Aaron.  Ezekiel  IX.  113,  327.  James  5:13.  Is  any 
afflicted?  let  him  pray.  Ps.  50:15.  Call  upon  Me  in  the  day  of 
trouble.  I  will  deliver  thee,  and  thou  shalt  glorify  Me.  IV.  359.  Ps. 
55 :  22.  Cast  thy  burden  upon  the  Lord,  and  He  shall  sustain  thee. 
IV.  391-393.  Ps.  56:8.  IV.  396,  8.  Ps.  57:  I,  2,  etc.  IV.  399,  400. 
413,  477.  Prov.  20 :  22.  Wait  on  the  Lord,  and  He  shall  save  thee. 
VI.  366.  Ps.  37 :  5,  7.  Rest  in  the  Lord  and  wait  patiently  for  Him. 
IV.  274-277.  Ps.  40:1.  I  waited  patiently  and  He  heard  my  cry. 
IV.  296.  Ps.  42:5,  II.  Why  cast  down,  O  my  soul?  Hope  thou  in 
God,  for  I  shall  yet  praise  Him.  IV.  310-322.  i  Pet.  4:  19. 'Let  them 
that  suffer  according  to  the  will  of  God  commit  their  souls,  in  well- 
doing, to  a  faithful  Creator.  XI.  665.  Isa.  26:4.  Trust  forever,  for 
the  Lord  Jehovah  is  an  everlasting  rock.  VIII.  124.  Hos.  5:  15.  IX. 
351- 

5.  Trust  and  Joy  in  Trial. 

Job  23 :  10.  He  knoweth  the  way  that  I  take.  When  He  hath 
tried  me  I  shall  come  forth  as  gold.  VI.  134,  5.  Job.  13:  15.  Though 
He  slay  me,  yet  will  I  trust  (wait  upon)  Him.  VI.  83.  Micah  7:8. 
When  I  fall  I  shall  arise ;  when  I  sit  in  darkness  Jehovah  shall  be  a 
light  unto  me.  IX.  489.  Ps.  18:28.  Jehovah  will  lighten  my  dark- 
ness. IV.  141.  Ps.  27:1.  IV.  204.  112:4.  V.  249.  Ps.  23:4. 
Though  I  walk  through  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death,  I  fear  no 
evil.  IV.  184.  Ps.  138:7.  Though  I  walk  in  the  midst  of  trouble, 
Thou  wilt  revive  me.  Ps.  42:  7,  8.  IV.  315.  James  i :  2.  Count  it  all 
joy  when  ye  fall  into  manifold  trials.  XL  619.  Rom.  5:3.  Let  us 
rejoice  in  our  tribulations.  XI.  215.     Rom.  8:35.  XI.  243,  4.     2  Cor. 


2  24  Affliction. 

7:4.1  am  exceeding  joyful  in  all  our  affliction.  Hab.  3:17,  18. 
Though  fig  tree  not  blossom,  etc.,  yet  in  Jehovah  will  I  rejoice.  IX. 
521,  2.  Illus.  Ex.  15  :  25.  II.  63.  Job  5  :  17.  VI.  41-43.  Job  35  :io.  VI. 
184. 

6.  Final  Issue  in  Gladness  and  Glory. 

2  Cor.  4:17.  For  our  light  affliction  worketh  for  us  more  and 
more  exceedingly  an  eternal  weight  of  glory.  XI.  360.  Rom.  8:  18. 
The  offerings  of  this  present  time  are  not  worthy  to  be  compared 
with  the  glory  which  shall  be  revealed  to  us-ward.  XI.  237.  Ps.  30 : 
5.  Weeping  may  endure  for  the  night,  but  joy  cometh  in  the  morn- 
ing. IV.  225.  Ps.  97:  II.  Light  is  sown  for  the  righteous,  and  glad- 
ness for  the  upright  in  heart.  V.  157.  Job  37:  21.  Light  in  the  skies. 
VI.  193,  4.  Zech.  14:7.  At  evening  time  it  shall  be  light.  IX.  614. 
Isa.  35:  10.  The  ransomed  shall  obtain  joy  and  gladness;  sorrow  and 
sighing  shall  flee  away.  VIII.  176,  7.  Isa.  51:11.  VIII.  269.  Isa. 
33 :  24.  The  inhabitant  shall  not  say,  I  am  sick.  VIII.  167.  Rev.  21 :  4. 
No  more  sorrow  nor  crying,  neither  any  more  pain.  XI.  778. 

[The  time  of  our  pilgrimage  on  earth  is  a  time  of  sorrow :  these 
are  "  the  days  wherein  God  afflicted  us ;  these  the  years  wherein  we 
have  seen  evil."  But  He. will  hereafter  "make  us  glad  according  to 
them  " ;  in  proportion  to  our  sufferings,  if  rightly  we  bear  those  suf- 
ferings, will  be  our  reward;  nay,  "these  light  afflictions,  which  are 
but  for  a  moment,  work  for  us  a  far  more  exceeding  and  eternal 
weight  of  glory."     Bp.  Home.'] 

7.  Christ  our  Example  in  Suffering;  we  Share  His 
Suffering  and  His  Joy. 

Heb.  4:14-16.  XI.  570-572.  I  Pet.  2:21.  Christ  suffered  for 
you,  leaving  you  an  example.  XI.  655.  i  Pet.  3:  16.  XI.  659.  Heb. 
12:3.  Consider  Him,  lest  ye  be  wearied  and  faint.  XI.  605.  Phil,  i  : 
29.  It  is  given  not  only  to  believe,  but  to  suffer  in  His  behalf.  XI. 
449.  2  Cor.  1:7.  As  ye  are  partakers  of  the  suffering,  so  also  of  the 
consolation.  XI.  347.  i  Pet.  4:12-14.  As  partakers  of  His  suffer- 
ings, when  His  glory  is  revealed,  ye  glad  with  exceeding  joy.  XI. 
664.  Rom.  8:17.  If  we  suffer  with  Him,  also  glorified  together. 
"  Suffering  the  Sacrament  of  Glory."  XI.  237.  2  Tim.  2:  12.  If  we 
suffer  we  shall  reign  with  Him.  XI.  534.  Matt.  16:24-27;  19:29. 
X.  277,  391. 

[Sorrow  is  not  an  accident,  occurring  now  and  then,  it  is  the 
very  woof  which  is  woven  into  the  warp  of  life.     It  is  the  law  of  our 


Temptation.  225 

humanity,  as  that  of  Christ,  that  we  must  be  perfected  through  suf- 
fering. And  he  who  has  not  discerned  the  Divine  sacredness  of  sor- 
row, and  the  profound  meaning  that  is  concealed  in  pain,  has  yet  to 
learn  what  life  is.  The  cross,  manifested  as  the  necessity  of  the 
highest  life,  alone  interprets  it.     F.  IV.  Robertson.} 

8.  Related  Points. 

(i)  Question  of  the  ages:  Why  the  good  suffer  and  the 
bad  prosper?  Ps.  27-  IV.  271-284.  Ps.  49.  IV.  347-355.  Ps.  73. 
V.  6-18.    Job  VI.  7-9,  186,  218,  226.    VIII.  452. 

(2)  Calamities  not  Divine  Judgments.  Luke  13:1-5.  X.  200, 
329.     John  9:2,  3.     Rom.  8 :  28.  XI.  240. 

(3)  Reserves  of  Strength  needful  in  trials.  Jer.  12:6. 
VIII.  453,  4- 

(4)  Remedy  for  Disquiet  and  Trouble  is  Work  and  Trust. 
VII.  129. 


TEMPTATION,  Heb.  and  Gr.,  Trying,  Testing,  Proving. 
Tempter,   applied  to  5atan. 

Two  diverse  uses  and  intents :  I.  As  predicated  of  God.  II.  As 
referring  to  Satan  and  evil  men. 

I.  As  predicated  of  God,  the  single  use  and  intent  of 
temptation  is  the  trying  and  testing  of  the  moral  and 
spiritual  nature  for  good,  for  supreme  results  of  profit  and 
blessedness,  that  the  tried  and  proved  soul  may  finally 
receive  abiding  approval  and  reward. 

Temptations,  or  testing  trials,  of  every  sort,  from  every  source 
and  agency,  through  adversity  and  pain  or  prosperity  and  pleasure,, 
from  penury  or  abundance,  from  good  or  evil  spirits  and  men,  all  are 
appointed  of  God  for  moral  discipline,  training  and  culture.  If 
humbly  accepted  and  steadfastly  endured,  they  exercise,  develop  and 
strengthen  faith,  patience,  obedience  and  love.  And  they  find  a  rich, 
satisfying  return  when  the  probation-period  is  complete.  These 
points  are  abundantly  indicated  in  both  Testaments.  Note  carefully: 
The  trying  or  testing  is  not  of  obedience  to  lazv  (that  test  was  applied 
only  to  Adam  before  the  Fall),  but  of  the  truth  and  strength  of  faith 
or  trust  in  God.     James  1:3.     t  Pet.  1:6,  7. 

God  Tempts,  Tries,  in  Order  to  Test,  Prove  and  Bless. 
Gen.  22:  I.  God  did  tempt  (prove)  Abraham.  I.  386,  7.     2  Chron.  32: 


226  Temptation. 

31.  God  left  (Hezekiah  )to  try.  him.  VII.  354,  5.  Ex.  16:  4.  That  I  may 
prove  them.  II.  69.  Deut.  8 :  2.  Humble  thee  to  prove  thee.  II.  647, 
8.  Job  23 :  10.  When  He  hath  tried  me,  I  shall  come  forth  as  gold. 
VI.  134,  5.  Ps.  11:4,  5.  The  Lord  trieth  the  righteous.  IV.  97,  8. 
Ps.  26:2.  Prove  me;  try  my  reins  and  heart.  IV..  201.  Ps.  66:10. 
Thou  hast  proved,  tried  us  as  silver.  IV.  443,  4.  Ps.  139:23.  Try 
me.  V.  449-452.  Prov.  17:3.  Trieth  hearts.  VI.  344.  Jer.  12:3. 
Triest  mine  heart  toward  Thee.  VIII.  453.  i  Thes.  2 : 4.  God  who 
proveth  our  hearts.  XL  487.  John  6:6.  He  said  to  prove  him.  X. 
243,  4.  In  His  trying  God  is  ever  considerate  and  helpful.  Ps.  103 : 
14.  He  remembereth  that  we  are  dust.  V.  184.  Matt.  26:41.  The 
spirit  willing,  but  the  flesh  weak.  X.  514.  i  Cor.  10:13.  God  is 
faithful,  who  will  not  sufifer  you  to  be  tempted  above  that  ye  are  able; 
but  will  with  the  temptation  make  also  the  way  of  escape,  that  ye  may 
he  able  to  endure  it.  XL  310.  Heb.  2:  18.  Able  to  succor  them  that 
are  tempted.  XL  563.  2  Pet.  2 :  9.  The  Lord  knoweth  how  to  deliver 
the  godly  out  of  temptation.  Jude  24.  Able  to  guard  you  from 
stumbling.  XL  711.  Rev.  3:10.  Will  keep  thee  from  the  hour  of 
temptation.  XL  733.  Illus.  Luke  22:31,  32.  I  have  prayed  for  thee. 
John  17:  15.  I  pray  that  Thou  shouldest  keep  them  from  the  evil  one. 
X.  509. 

Gain  and  Blessing  from  Temptation.  (Trial  or  Testing  of 
faith.  See  XL  646,  vs.  6.)  James  1:2,  3.  Count  it  all  joy  when  yc 
fall  into  manifold  temptations  (trials)  ;  knowing  that  the  trying  of 
your  faith  worketh  patience.  XL  617,  619.  I  Pet.  1:6,  7.  Now,  for 
a  little  while,  ye  have  been  put  to  grief  in  manifold  temptations,  that 
the  trial  of  your  faith  might  be  found  unto  praise  and  glory  and 
honor  at  the  appearing  of  Jesus  Christ.  XL  646,  7.  Rom.  5 :  3,  4. 
Rejoice  in  tribulations,  knowing  that  tribulation  worketh  patience, 
and  patience,  probation  (proof),  and  probation,  hope.  XL  215.  6. 
Acts  14 :  22.  Through  many  tribulations  we  must  enter  into  the  King- 
dom of  God.  XL  100.  Illus.  2  Cor.  12:7-10.  XL  385-387.  James  i: 
12.  Blessed  the  man  that  endureth  temptation,  shall  receive  the  crown 
of  life.  XL  621. 

II.  As  referring  to  and  charged  upon  Satan,  evil 
spirits  and  men,  Temptation  or  Trying  means,  and  in- 
tends only  enticement  to  moral  evil  or  sin,  with  its  ulti- 
mate consequences  of  misery  and  remorse. 

Temptations  that  look  toward  and  prompt  to  evil  or  sin  find  their  ap- 
peal and  motive  force  in  our  own  native  cravings,  "  desires  of  the  flesh 


Temptation.  227 

and  of  the  mind"  (Eph.  2:3),  enticing  us  to  forget  and  making  us 
blind  and  deaf  to  reason,  conscience  and  known  duty  to  God  and  man. 
The  matter  of  these  temptations  consists  in  various  baits  presented 
through  the  world  and  worldly  living  to  the  senses  and  the  mind,  the 
lower  and  higher  cravings  of  the  self-centered  nature.  These  crav- 
ings are  briefly  summarized  in  i  John  2:  16:  The  lust,  or  desire,  of 
the  eye,  the  lust  of  the  flesh,  and  the  vain-glory  of  life.  They  include 
all  self-ambitions  and  thirsts:  for  knowledge  and  culture,  for  place 
and  power,  for  riches  and  for  indulgence  of  bodily  appetites.  They 
find  complete  illustration  in  the  testing  and  failure  of  the  first  created 
pair  by  God.  The  principle  on  which  their  test  was  based  and  justi- 
fied is  suggested  by  the  single  Divine  prohibition  of  Gen.  2:16.  Of 
the  tree  of  the  knowledge  of  good  and  evil  thou  shalt  not  eat.  See 
Vol.  I.  169-174.  The  full  force  and  strain  of  the  actual  trial  is  shown 
in  the  threefold  appeal  noted  Gen.  3:5,  6.  The  tree  was  good  for 
food,  a  delight  to  the  eyes,  and  to  be  desired  to  make  one  wise.  These 
points  had  been  alluringly  urged  and  skillfully  enforced  by  the  Arch- 
Tempter  Satan.  Thus  the  woman  soul  stood  for  a  brief  period  be- 
tween two  Agents  of  trial  and  testing.  One,  the  pure,  loving,  benefi- 
cent God,  seeking  and  bringing  to  bear  every  highest  motive  and  ap- 
peal to  continued  obedience,  holiness  and  blessedness;  the  other  a 
malignant,  hating,  altogether  evil  spirit,  insidiously  falsifying  every 
truth  and  fact  of  her  relation  to  God  and  of  the  immediate  and 
eternal  results  of  her  impending  choice,  that  he  might  entice  her  to 
the  fatal  act  of  disobedience  and  sin,  with  its  misery  and  ruin.  The 
testing  of  God,  devised  irr  wisdom  and  purposed  in  love,  failed  of  its 
end  by  reason  of  the  unbelief  and  self-will,  the  self-direction  and  self- 
indulgence  of  Adam  and  Eve.  Therefore  they  believed  Satan  rather 
than  God;  they  desired  evil  and  rejected  God.  See  Vol.  I.  176-183. 
The  genesis  and  issue  of  their  sin,  as  that  of  every  sinner  since,  is 
sententiously  stated  in  James  i  :  14,  15.  Each  man  is  tempted  when 
he  is  draw-n  away  of  his  own  lust  (desire)  and  enticed.  Then  the 
lust,  when  it  hath  conceived  (through  union  with  the  v.ill),  beareth 
sin,  and  sin.  when  it  is  fullgrown,  bringeth  forth  death.  XI.  622.  3. 

[Graphic  beyond  power  of  an  amending  touch  is  the  form  in 
which  the  Eden  story  puts  the  cause  and  consequences  of  temptation. 
The  fruit  forbidden  seems,  under  the  suggestion  of  temptation,  to  be 
good  for  food,  to  be  pleasant  to  the  eyes  and  to  be  desired  to  make 
one  wise.  So  temptation  has  painted  and  gilded  for  all  time.  Bchr 
^nds.'] 

Other  Illustrations — Temptings  of  Satan.     Job   1:6-12;  2:1-7.   \'T. 
17-21,  23-26.     Judas,  John  13:27.  X.  471,  473.     Ananias,  Acts  5:3. 
15 


2  28  Temptation. 

XL  87.  Wicked  prophets  as  tempters.  Ezek.  13:10-16.  IX.  62,  3. 
Israel  tempting  God.  Ps.  78:18,  41,  56.  V.  44.  Ps.  95:9.  V.  143. 
Pharisees  tempting  Christ.  Matt.  22:18,  35.  See  James  1:13.  XI. 
622,  3. 

Cautions  and  Counsels. 

Prov.  I  :  10,  15.  If  sinners  entice  thee,  consent  thou  not.  \\'all>; 
not  thou  with  them.  VI.  237.  Prov.  4:  14,  15.  VI.  262-6.  i  Cor.  10: 
12.  Let  him  that  thinketh  he  standeth  take  heed  lest  he  fall.  XL  309, 
310.  2  Cor.  13:5.  Try  your  own  selves,  whether  ye  be  in  the  faith; 
prove  your  own  selves.  XL  388-390.  Gal.  6:1.  If  a  man  be  overtaken 
in  a  trespass,  restore  such  in  a  spirit  of  meekness,  looking  to  thyself, 
lest  thou  also  be  tempted.  XL  409,  410.  i  Thes.  5  :  6.  XL  495.  Matt. 
26:41.  Watch  and  pray  that  ye  enter  not  into  temptation.  X.  513. 
(Note  the  dilTering  expressions,  "  overtaken  in  "  [above],  "  fall  into  " 
[James  i  :  2]  unwittingly  and  "  enter  into  "  temptation,  knowingly  and 
willfully.)  Appropriate  Petitions.  Matt.  6:  13.  X.  159  and  Luke  11: 
4.  X.  327.  Lead  us  not  into  temptation.  Ps.  19:  12,  13.  Keep  back 
Thy  servant  from  presumptuous  sins.  IV.  156-158.  Ps.  141  : 4.  In- 
cline not  my  heart  to  any  evil  thing.  V.  457.  Ps.  1 19 :  t,/.  Turn 
away  mine  eyes  from  beholding  vanity.  V.  303. 

Peter's  touching  entreaty  merits  our  earnest  consideration.  1 
Pet.  4:12.  Beloved,  think  it  not  strange  concerning  the  fiery  trial 
which  cometh  upon  you  to  prove  you,  as  though  a  strange  thing  hap- 
pened unto  you ;  but  inasmuch  as  ye  are  partakers  of  Christ's  suffer- 
ings, rejoice.  XL  664. 

How  to  Neutralize  the  Force  of  Temptation. 

By  Direct  Determined  Resistance  of  the  Will. 

James  4 :  7.  Resist  the  devil,  and  he  will  flee  from  you.  XL  6T,y. 
Matt.  5:29,  30.  If  thy  right  eye  (or  hand)  causeth  thee  to  stumble, 
pluck  it  out  and  cast  it  from  thee.  X.  152.  Eph.  6:  13-16.  Take  up 
the  whole  armor  of  God,  that  ye  may  be  able  to  stand  in  the  evil  day, 
and  having  done  all,  to  stand.  Stand  therefore,  having  girded  your 
loins  with  truth,  and  having  put  on  the  breastplate  of  righteousness, 
withal  taking  up  the  shield  of  faith,  wherewith  ye  shall  be  able  to 
quench  the  fiery  darts  of  the  evil  one.  And  take  the  helmet  of  salva 
tion,  and  the  sword  of  the  Spirit,  which  is  the  \\^ord  of  God ;  with 
all  prayer  and  supplication  in  the  Spirit,  and  watching  thereunto  in 
all  perseverance.  XL  443.  i  Cor.  16:  13.  Watch  ye,  stand  fast  in  the 
faith,  quit  you  like  men,  be  strong.  XL  344.     Phil.  4:1.  Stand  fast  in 


Temptation.  229 

the  Lord.  Illiis.  Job  31:1.  I  made  a  covenant  with  mine  eyes.  VI. 
161.  I  Cor.  9:27.  I  keep  under  (buffet)  my  body,  and  bring  it  into 
bondage.  XI.  307. 

By  Pre-occupation  of  all  the  Faculties  with  High  Themes, 
Elevated  Affections  and  Ennobling  Interests  and  Occupations. 

By  giving  the  niind  to  thought  and  study  of  God  in  His  nature, 
works  and  ways  and  to  right  and  helpful  methods  of  living  and  act- 
ing. By  engaging  the  heart  in  the  interests  of  God  and  man.  And 
by  exercising  the  zvill  in  corresponding  acts  of  obedience  to  God,  and 
of  kindly  and  loving  deeds  to  men. 

Deliverance  from  Temptation,  through  the  Armor  of 
God,  by  the  Power  of  God. 

Study  the  revelation  by  Paul  in  that  wonderfully  full  and  in- 
structive passage,  Eph.  6:10-18.  In  the  soul's  ceaseless  wrestle  with 
tempters  and  temptations,  its  part  consists  in  putting  on  and  per- 
sistently using  the  armor  Divinely  provided,  and  so  withstanding  and 
standing  through  the  ever-present  and  ever-acting  might  of  God. 
Over  the  defensive  armor  the  tempted  soul  is  bidden  to  present  the 
shield  of  faith,  upon  which  may  be  quenched  the  fiery  darts  of  the 
wicked ;  and  the  sword  of  the  Spirit;  which  is  the  Word  of  God.  With 
the  \\'ord  the  Master  met  and  repelled  the  appeals  of  the  Tempter. 
"  It  is  written,"  He  said  in  reply  to  each  of  the  three  forms  of  tempta- 
tion. Of  the  armor,  defensive  and  offensive,  another  weapon,  a  vital 
condition  of  overcoming  m  the  conflict,  is  Prayer,  or  Looking  to,  and 
Reliance  upon  God.  "  With  all  prayer  and  supplication  praying  at 
all  seasons  in  the  Spirit."  This  is  ensured  to  the  faithful,  warring 
believer  in  the  large  promise  (referred  to  above)  that  "  God  will  not 
suffer  you  to  be  tempted  above  that  ye  are  able ;  but  will  with  the 
temptation  make  also  the  way  of  escape,  that  ye  may  be  able  to  endure 
it."  I  Cor.  10:  13. 

[God  will  either  keep  His  saints  from  temptations  by  His  prevent- 
ing mercy,  or  in  temptations  by  His  supporting  mercy,  or  find  a  way 
for  their  escape  by  His  delivering  mercy.     Mason. 

God  only  can  give  the  victory;  and  God  assuredly  will.  But  God 
will  not  give  it  in  the' precise  way  that  we  ask  for  it.  And  hence  it 
is  that,  beyond  all  other  graces,  the  grace  of  perseverance  is  the  one 
to  which  victory  is  promised:  that  perseverance  which  enables  us,  in 
spite  of  disappointment  in  ourselves  and  our  endeavors,  and  of  cold- 
ness in  the  heart  and  poorness  in  the  devotions,  still  to  continue  in 
the  path  which  He  has  commanded.     Archbp.  Temple.] 


230  Personal  Duties  Toward  God. 

We  have  considered  the  Christian  Life,  in  its  essential par- 
ticnlars  of  Spiritual  Experience,  and  in  its  demands  of  fitting 
Conduct  atid  faithful  Service ;  also  the  Helps  it  receives  from 
Divinely  imparted  Graces,  and  throiigJi  painful  encounter  zvith 
Afiliction  and  Temptation.  We  complete  the  Scripture  teaching 
concerning  Man  s  Spiritual  Transformation  with 

SPECIFIC  PERSONAL  OBLIGATIONS  DEMANDED 
BY  CHRISTIAN  LIVING. 

I.  BELIEVER'S     PERSONAL     DUTIES     TOWARD 

GOD. 

I.  ESSENTIAL   FEATURES   OF   HEART   EXERCISE 
AND    EXPERIENCE: 

(i)  OBEDIENCE  TO  GOD'S  COMMANDMENTS  the 
first,  fundamental,  universal  demand 

made  upon  created  spirits ;  a  demand  pressed  upon  believing  men,  not 
as  a  means  of  justification,  but  as  a  governing  rule  of  life.  Obedience 
demands  and  engages  the  exercise  of  the  whole  intellect,  heart,  will 
and  conscience  in  the  persistent  fulfillment  of  every  duty.  And  the 
smallest  duty  involves  the  whole  principle  of  obedience.  Indeed,  it 
is  the  little  duties  that  make  the  heart  and  will  and  conscience  sensi- 
tive, and  prompt  to  dutifulness.  Small  obediences  create  the  habit, 
lead  to  and  make  easier  the  fulTdlment  of  greater  duties. 

Ground  of  Obligation. 

The  obligation  of  man  to  obedience  is  grounded  upon  God's  rela- 
tions to  man;  as  his  Creator  and  Moral  Ruler;  as  his  Pattern  of  moral 
action ;  and  as  the  true  and  supreme  end  of  his  being. 

Personal  Reasons  for  Man's  Obedience. 

I.  The  Law  of  God,  or  the  Rule  of  man's  obligation  and  duty,  is 
absolutely  needful  to  ignorant,  consciously  dependent  and  responsible 
men.  Rom.  7:7-12.  I  had  not  known  sin  except  through  the  law.  XT. 
227,  229.  Gal.  3 :  24.  The  law  hath  been  our  tutor  to  bring  us  unto 
Christ.  XI.  400.  2.  The  commandments  of  God  are  designed  and 
adapted  only  and  surely  for  man's  good.  Deut.  6:  24.  The  Lord  com- 
manded us  to  do  all  these  statutes  for  our  good  always.     [The  word 


Obedience.  231 

"  good "  is  a  striking  word.  The  connection  of  all  the  command- 
ments of  God  with  it  is  quite  as  striking.  It  enforces  the  truth  that 
the  only  way  of  life  and  blessedness  is  in  law-keeping.  D.  S.  Greg- 
ory.'] Hence  the  law  is  the  greatest  boon  and  the  best  friend  to  man, 
"holy,  just  and  good"  (Rom.  7:  12).  In  harmony  with  these  per- 
sonal motives  we  find 

Two  Scriptural  Reasons  Assigned  for  Obedience:    God  is 

our  God,  and  He  is  good  and  gracious  unto  us. 

These  motives  are  expressly  stated  in  the  opening  Words  of 
Jehovah  to  His  redeemed  Israel,  introducing  the  Moral  Law.  Ex.  20 : 
2.  I  am  the  Lord  thy  God,  who  brought  thee  out  of  the  house  of 
bondage.  II.  158,  9.  And  the  same  sublime  assertions  are  repeated 
again  and  again  by  Psalmist  and  Prophet:  I  am  thy  God;  I  have  re- 
deemed thee.  Therefore  obey  My  voice  and  keep  My  covenant.  Ex. 
19:  5.  II.  124,  5.  This  the  key-note  to  the  Mosaic  legislation  and  the 
whole  after  history,  before  and  without  regard  to  ceremonial  and 
sacrifice. 

Demand  of  Obedience  throughout  the  Old  and  New 
Testament. 

The  initial  prohibition  to  Adam.  Gen.  2:  16.  Thou  shalt  not.  I. 
169.  Manifold  words  of  Moses,' Joshua,  and  others,  with  accompany- 
ing promises.  Lev.  26:3-13.  Deut.  28:1-14.  IT.  683-685.  Deut.  4: 
I,  6.  That  ye  may  live.  11.  638.  May  go  well  with  thee.  4:  40,  p.  640. 
5:  I,  33;  6:  17,  18,  251^7:9,  12.  He  will  love  and  bless  thee.  pp.  641- 
645.  10:12,  p.  655.  11:27,  28,  p.  658.  26:16,  p.  677.  Josh.  1:7. 
That  thou  mayest  have  good  success  wheresoever  thou  goest.  III.  39. 
Josh.  22:  5.  III.  143.  Josh.  23:6.  II,  p.  151.  I  Chron.  28:8.  Observe 
and  seek  out  all  the  commandments  of  the  Lord.  III.  489.  Eccles.  12: 
13.  Fear  God  and  keep  His  commandments.  VI.  527,  8.  Jer.  7:23. 
Obey  My  Voice,  and  I  will  be  your  God.  VIII.  436.  2  Cor.  10:5. 
Bringing  every-  thought  to  the  obedience  of  Christ. 

Obedience  better  than  sacrifice,  i  Sam.  15:22.  III.  295.  Jer.  7: 
22,  2^.  VIII.  436.     See  Faith  and  Obedience,  p.  85. 

Fruits  or  Returns  Promised  to  Obedience. 

Gen.  18:19.  Covenant  Blessings  to  Abraham  and  his  spiritual 
seed  (believers).  I.  354  Prov.  29:18.  He  that  keepeth  the  law, 
happy  is  he.  Ps.  19:  11.  In  keeping  great  reward.  IV.  154.  5.  Obedi- 
ence a  condition  and  means  of  knozvledge  of  truth.  John  7:17.  If 
any  man  willeth  to  do  His  will,  he  shall  know  of  the  teaching.  X.  304. 


232  Truthfulness. 

I  John  2 :  3,  6.  We  know  that  we  know  God,  if  we  keep  His  command- 
ments. Ps.  Ill:  10.  Fear  of  Jehovah  is  the  beginning  of  wisdom;  a 
good  understanding  have  all  they  that  do  thereafter.  V.  245-247. 
Prov.  1:7.  VI.  235.  Prov.  9:10.  VI.  293.  Job  28:28.  VI.  151,  2. 
Ps.  112:4.  V.  249-251.  Ps.  119:79.  V.  321.  Ps.  143:7.  Cause  me 
to  know.  V.  464.  John  8 :  32.  If  ye  abide  in  My  word,  ye  shall  know 
the  truth.  X.  315.  Divine  Fellowship.  Matt.  12:50.  Whosoever 
shall  do  the  will  of  My  Father,  he  is  My  brother  and  sister  and 
mother.  X.  191.  John  14:23.  If  a  man  love  Me,  he  will  keep  My 
Words,  and  My  Father  will  love  him,  and  We  will  come  unto  him 
and  make  Our  abode  with  him.  X.  486.  Light  and  Life.  John  15:  10. 
If  ye  keep  My  commandments,  ye  shall  abide  in  My  love.  X.  491. 
John  8:  12.  Shall  not  walk  in  darkness,  but  have  the  light  of  life.  X. 
313.  John  8:  51.  If  a  man  keep  My  word,  he  shall  never  see  death. 
X.  318.  I  John  3:24.  He  that  keepeth  His  commandments  dwelleth 
in  Him,  and  He  in  him.  John  15 :  14.  Ye  are  My  friends  if  ye  do  the 
things  that  I  command  you.  X.  493.  Prayer  Answered.  John  15  :  7.  If 
My  words  abide  in  you,  ye  shall  ask  whatsoever  ye  will,  and  it  shall  be 
done  unto  you.  i  John  3 :  22.  Whatsoever  we  ask  we  receive  of  Him 
because  we  keep  His  commandments.  XI.  694.  Liberty.  Ps.  119:45. 
V.  305-307.  Ps.  103:  18.  V.  186.  Immortal  Blessedness,  i  John  2:  17. 
He  that  doeth  the  will  of  God  abideth  forever.  XI.  687.  Rev.  14:  12, 
13.  Here  is  the  patience  of  the  saints,  they  that  keep  the  command- 
ments of  God,  and  the  faith  of  Jesus.  Blessed,  etc.,  XI.  759.  i  John  2  :  5. 
Whoso  keepeth  His  word,  in  Him  hath  the  love  of  God  been  perfected. 
Illus.  Abraham.  Gen.  22:18;  26:5.  I.  396.  Caleb.  Num.  14:24.  II. 
552.  Josh.  14:8,  9.  III.  133-135,  141-  Jotham.  2  Chron.  27:6.  VII. 
324.  Hezekiah.  VII.  337.  Josiah.  VII.  385,  396-398.  Paul.  Acts  26: 
19.  XL  171.  Gal.  1 :  16.  Partial  and  imperfect  obedience  recom- 
pensed. Rehoboam.  VII.  272.  Ahab.  I  Kings  21 :  29.  VII.  141.  Jehu. 
VII.  230,  I. 


(2)  TRUTH,  or  TRUTHFULNESS.     Gr.  Alethea. 

The  word  is  used  in  two  senses.  Objectively  and  predominantly, 
as  signifying  the  True  Word  of  God — that  is,  the  Revelation  of  God 
to  men.  Here  we  refer  to  its  subjective  meaning,  truthfulness,  as 
applied  to  the  character,  the  speech  and  the  acting  of  men.  The 
Scripture  reference  is  threefold : 

Truth  on  the  Lips.  Prov.  12:  17,  19.  He  that  uttereth  truth 
sheweth   forth   righteousness.     The  lip  of  truth   shall  be  established 


Unworldliness,  233 

forever.  VI.  310.     Mai.  2:6.  The  law  of  truth  was  in  his  mouth.  IX. 
631.     Eph.  4:25.  Speak  truth  to  neighbor.  XI.  433. 

Truth  in  the  Heart.  Ps.  51:6.  Thou  desirest  truth  in  the  in- 
ward part.  IV.  370.  Ps.  15:2.  He  speaketh  truth  in  his  heart.  IV. 
114.  John  4:23.  Worship  in  spirit  and  in  truth.  X.  102.  Eph.  5:9. 
The  fruit  of  the  Spirit  is  in  all  goodness  and  righteousness  and  truth. 
2  Cor.  1 :  12.  In  simplicity  and  godly  sincerity  we  had  our  conversa- 
tion in  the  world.  XL  248. 

Truth  in  the  Life,  i  Kings  3 :  6.  David  walked  before  thee 
in  truth.  2  Kings  20 :  3.  I  have  walked  in  truth.  VII.  348.  John  3 : 
21.  He  that  doeth  truth  cometh  to  the  light.  X.  91.  Phil,  i  :  10.  That 
ye  may  be  sincere,  till  the  day  of  Jesus  Christ.  2  Cor.  2:17.  Of 
sincerity,  speak  we  in  Christ,  i  John  3:  18.  Let  us  not  love  in  word 
but  in  deed  and  in  truth.  XL  693. 

Counsels  and  Instructions. 

Josh.  24:  14.  Serve  Him  in  sincerity  and  truth.  III.  152.  i  Kings 
2:4.  Walk  before  Me  in  truth.  HI.  481.  Zech.  8:  16,  19.  Speak  ye 
the  truth  to  neighbor.  Love  truth  and  peace.  IX.  584.  Prov.  3 :  3. 
Let  not  truth  forsake  thee.  VI.  249.  Eph.  6:  13,  14.  Take  unto  you 
the  whole  armor  of  God ;  having  your  loins  girt  about  with  truth.  XL 
443.  It  was  the  soldier's  girdle  or  belt  that  held  in  place  the  rest  of 
his  armor,  and  so  braced  him  for  the  conflict.  So  truth  in  the  heart 
and  life,  truthfulness  fibered  in  the  character,  girds  the  whole  spir- 
itual nature  to  encounter  with  temptation  and  evil.  Truthfulness  in- 
grained in  the  nature  binds  together,  holds  firmly  in  place,  and  nerves 
for  toil  and  struggle  all  other  gifts  and  graces  of  the  Spirit  with  which 
the  believer  is  Divinely  panoplied. 

[It  needs  but  a  coarse,  dull  sense  of  right  and  wrong  to  abstain 
from  telling  lies,  while  it  belongs  to  a  very  sensitive,  delicate  con- 
science to  shun  the  numberless  by-paths  of  false  appearances  and  false 
pretences  which  meet  one  on  every  side  and  are  very  pleasant  to  walk 
in.  The  finish  of  the  character,  in  regard  to  truthfulness,  is  one  of 
the  noblest  attainments  of  Christian  manhood.     T.  D.   Woolscy.^, 


(3)  UNWORLDLINESS. 

Five  Hebrew  and  Five  Greek  words  are  translated  by  the  com- 
mon term   World.     In  the  main  they  carry  five  distinct  references: 


2  34  Unworldliness. 

To  the  whole  Creation.      See   Rom.    1:20,   24.     Acts    17:24.  God 
that  made  the  world. 

To  the  earth  as  the  sphere  of  man's  abode.    Matt.  24:  14.    Acts  11 : 
28. 

To  the  age,  or  ages,  of  indefinite  time — the  Dispensations.      i   Cor. 
10:  II.     Heb.   9:  26. 


To  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  earth.     Rom.   i  :8;  3:  19.     i   Cor.   i 


21. 


Pre-eminently,  to  the  Body  of  Unregenerate  Men. 

I  John  5:  19.  The  whole  world  lieth  in  wickedness.  John  7:7;  8 :  23 ; 
12:29;  16:8;  17:  14,  16,  18,  21,  25.  I  Cor.  I  :  21;  3:  19.  Eph.  2:2. 
Col.  2:20.  But  the  word  Worldly,  and  the  familiar  (though  not 
scriptural)  term  Worldlincss,  have  also  special  references  and  appli- 
cations of  a  moral  character  and  bearing. 

1.  To  the  supreme  objects  desired  and  sought  by  worldly 
or  unregenerate  men.  i  Cor.  7:33,  34.  Careth  for  the  things 
that  are  of  the  world.  Ps.  49 :  6.  They  that  trust  in  their  wealth.  IV, 
351-353-  Isa.  5:11,  12.  Ps.  17:  14,  15.  Men  of  the  world,  whose  por- 
tion is  in  this  life.  IV.  129. 

2.  To  the  controlling  spirit  or  temper  of  unregenerate 
men,  indicating  their  moral  character  as  ungodly  and  evil. 
John  3:  19.  Men  love  darkness  rather  than  light.  John  15:  19.  i  Cor. 
2:12.  We  have  received,  not  the  spirit  of  the  world.  Eph.  2:2,  3. 
Aforetime  ye  walked  according  to  the  course  of  this  world,  according 
to  the  prince  of  the  power  of  the  air,  of  the  spirit  that  now  worketh 
in  the  children  of  disobedience,  among  whom  we  also  all  once  lived 
in  the  lusts  of  our  flesh,  doing  the  desires  of  the  flesh  and  of  the 
mind,  i  John  2:  16.  All  that  is  in  the  world,  the  lust  of  the  flesh,  and 
the  lust  of  the  eyes,  and  the  pride  of  life,  is  not  of  the  Father,  but 
is  of  the  world.  2  Cor.  4:4.  The  god  of  this  world  hath  blinded  the 
minds  of  the  unbelieving.  XI.  357. 

Injunctions  and  Counsels  against  Worldliness  and 
Worldly  Living. 

Rom.  12:2.  Be  not  conformed  (fashioned  according)  to  this 
world,  but  be  ye  transformed  by  the  renewing  of  your  mind.  XI.  256. 


Unworldliness.  2^s 

257.  2  Cor.  6:  17.  Come  ye  out  from  among  them,  and  be  ye  separate, 
saith  the  Lord,  and  touch  no  unclean  thing;  and  I  will  receive  you! 
XL  369.  I  John  2:  15.  Love  not  the  world,  neither  the  things  that 
are  in  the  world.  XL  Titus  2:  12.  Denying  ungodliness  and  worldly 
lusts,  we  should  live  soberly  (referring  to  ourselves),  righteously 
(to  our  fellow-men),  and  godly  (to  God),  in  this  present  evil  world. 
XI-  547'  548-  Ps.  62:  10.  If  riches  increase,  set  not  your  heart  upon 
them.  IV.  421.  Eccl.  5:  18.  VI.  474-478.  i  Tim.  6:  17.  Charge  them 
that  are  rich  in  this  present  world,  that  they  be  not  highminded,  nor 
have  their  hope  set  on  the  uncertainty  of  riches,  but  on  God,  who 
giveth  us  richly  all  things  to  enjoy.  XL  527.  i  Cor.  7:31.  Use  the 
world  as  not  abusing  it  (using  it  to  excess)  ;  for  the  fashion  of  this 
world  passeth  away.  XL  302.  James  1:27.  Keep  unspotted  from 
the  world.  XL  626.  Prayer  of  the  Psalmist,  119:37.  Turn  away 
mine  eyes  from  beholding  vanity.  V.  303. 

[By  nonconformity  is  meant  not  merely  outward  avoidance,  but 
imvard  alienation.  The  ways  of  the  world  are  to  have  no  home  in 
the  Christian's  soul ;  the  deceits  of  the  world  are  to  bear  no  gratifica- 
tion. Anon.  Worldliness  does  not  consist  merely  in  distinct  actb, 
but  it  is  the  spirit  of  a  whole  life,  which  passes  by  all  that  is  invisible, 
real  and  eternal  because  it  is  devoted  to  the  visible,  the  transient  and 
the  unreal.     F.  W.  Robertson.'] 

Reasons  for  Non-Conformity  to  and  Separation  from 
the  Worldly. 

Evanescence  of  e'arthly  interests  and  pleasures.  Ps.  49:6-17.  IV. 
349-353-  Ps.  73  '■  4-12,  16-20.  V.  7-10.  Worldly  living  fails  to  satisfy. 
Isa.  55:2.  Ye  spend  money  for  that  which  is  not  bread,  and  your 
labor  for  that  which  satisfieth  not.  VIII.  301.  Eccles.  2:  22,  23.  What 
hath  man  of  all  his  labor,  and  of  the  vexation  of  his  heart?  For  all 
his  days  are  sorrows.  Eccles.  i :  2.  Vanity  of  vanities,  saith  the 
Preacher,  all  is  vanity.  VI.  Eccles.  6:  12.  Who  knoweth  what  is  good 
for  man  in  this  life,  all  the  days  of  his  vain  life  which  he  spendeth 
as  a  shadow  ?  VI.  Alliances  with  worldly  men  lead  to  hurt,  and  loss. 
Illus.  Jehoshaphat  and  Ahab.  2  Tim.  4:  10.  Demas  forsook  me.  hav- 
ing loved  this  present  world.  XL  542.  2  Cor.  4 :  4.  The  god  of  this 
world  hath  blinded  the  minds  of  the  unbelieving,  that  the  light  of  the 
Gospel  should  not  dawn  upon  them.  XL  357.  2  Cor.  7:  10.  The  sor- 
row of  the  world  workelh  death.  XL  370-372.  i  Tim.  5 :  6.  She  that 
giveth  herself  to  pleasure  is  dead  while  she  liveth.  XL  520.  2  Pet. 
I  :  4.  Corruption  is  in  the  world  by  lust.  XL  James  4 :  4.  The  friend- 
ship of  the  world  is  enmity  with  God.  XL  635.     i  John  2:  15.  If  any 


236  Watchfulness. 

man  love  the  world,  the  love  of  the  Father  is  not  in  him.  XL  686, 
687. 

The  Regenerated  Believer  Assured  of  Overcoming 
Power. 

T  John  5:4,  5.  Whosoever  is  begotten  of  God  overcometh  the 
w^orld;  and  this  is  the  victory  that  hath  overcome  the  world,  even  our 
faith.  And  who  is  he  that  hath  overcome  the  world,  but  he  that  be- 
lieveth  that  Jesus  is  the  Son  of  God?  XI. 

The  Assurance  and  Intercessory  Prayer  of  Christ: 

John  16:33.  ^^  the  world  ye  have  tribulation:  but  be  of  good 
cheer;  I  have  overcome  the  world.  X. 

John  17:  15.  I  pray  not  that  Thou  shouldest  take  them  from  the 
world,  but  that  Thou  shouldest  keep  them  from  the  evil  one. 

(4)  WATCHFULNESS.  Associated  in  Scripture  with 
prayer,  and  conflict  with  temptations  from  within  and  without.  It 
includes  and  implies  a  habitual  attitude  of  spiritual  alertness. 

It  includes:  i.  A  taking  heed  to  moral  and  spiritual  environ- 
ments, noting  especially  exposures  to  harm  and  loss  from  inimical 
forces  within  our  own  hearts  and  wills,  from  worldly  allurements  and 
Satanic  temptations.  2.  A  deep  consciousness  of  spiritual  danger  and 
damage  impending  from  these  foes  within  and  without  the  soul.  3.  A 
profound  sense  of  weakness,  insufficiency  and  utter  unreadiness  to 
meet  and  avert  or  resist  these  assaulting  spiritual  foes. 

It  implies  also :  i.  A  recognition  of  God's  efficient  interposition 
and  a  conscious  dependence  upon  His  proffered  help.  2.  An  actual 
reliance  upon  His  direction,  guardianship  and  deliverance,  and  a 
looking  for  and  expectation  of  a  blessed  result,  by  reason  of  His  cer- 
tain and  assuring  promises.  Hab.  2:  i.  I  will  stand  upon  my  watch 
CO  see  what  He  will  speak.  IX.  508. 

Injunctions  and  Counsels. 

Mark  13:  33  and  Luke  21 :  36.  Take  heed,  watch  ye  and  pray  al- 
ways. X.  454-456.  Matt.  26:41.  Watch  and  pray,  lest  ye  enter  into 
temptation.  X.  513.  i  Cor.  16:  13.  Watch  ye,  stand  fast  in  the  faith, 
quit  you  like  men.  XL  344.  i  Thes.  5 :  6.  Let  us  watch  and  be  sober. 
XL  495.     Eph.  6:  18.  Watching  thereunto  (unto  prayer)  with  all  per- 


Perseverance. 


■61 


severance.  Col.  4:2.  Watch  (in  prayer)  with  thanksgiving.  XI.  483. 
I  Thes.  5:6.  XI.  495.  I  Pet.  4:7.  Watch  unto  prayer.  XI.  661,  662. 
Rev.  3:2,  3.  Be  watchful  and  strengthen  the  things  that  remain.  XI. 

[/  say  unto  yon  all,  IVatch.  The  watching  is  not  to  be  that  of 
anxious  waiting,  but  of  faithful  doing.  Men  steeped  in  worldliness 
are  heedless  of  death  and  the  judgment  to  come.  They  lose  the 
thought  of  consequences,  and  grow  reckless  and  unscrupulous  as  to 
the  methods  by  which  they  gratify  their  desires.  But  the  servant  of 
Christ  holds  everything  in  trust  for  his  Lord,  and  uses  time,  talents, 
means,  life  itself,  for  His  glory.  Such  fidelity  to  trust  shall  be  re- 
warded, with  confidence  and  honor  from  his  Lord.     /.  P.  Thompson.'] 

Results  of  Watching. 

Prov.  8 :  34.  Blessed  is  the  man  that  heareth  Me,  watching  daily 
at  My  gates.  Luke  12 :  37.  Blessed  are  those  servants  whom  the  Lord 
when  He  cometh  shall  find  watching.  Rev.  16:  15.  Blessed  is  he  that 
watcheth.  XL  764. 

Practical  Considerations. 

1.  The  watcher  must  not  only  look  and  pray  for  Divine  guidance 
and  guardianship,  but  also  for  Divine  girding  in  actual  conflict,  and 
engage  in  every  conflict  with  an  assured  expectation  of  a  triumphant 
issue.     Illus.  Neh.  4:9,  13-23. 

2.  The  true  order  of  these  related  duties  is :  Watch,  Pray,  Expect 
and  rely  upon  God  for  guidance  and  assistance.  Then,  in  the  name 
of  God,  manfully  resist.  And  this  order  is  to  be  persistently  main- 
tained until  the  life-release  from  spiritual  peril,  temptation  and  con- 
flict. Life-long  vigilance  is  the  condition  of  final  rest  and  peace  at 
the  entering-  into  the  eternal  life. 


(5)  PERSEVERANCE;  STANDFASTNESS;  STEAD- 
FASTNESS. 

Assured  by  God's  pledges,  and  demanded  of  the  believer.  A  Prac- 
tical Theme  of  great  breadth,  of  the  deepest  interest  and  moment. 

Assurance  in  many  forms. 

I  Sam.  2:9.  The  Lord  will  keep  the  feet  of  His  saints.  III.  251. 
Ps.  16:8.  I  shall  not  be  moved.  IV.  120.  Ps.  2>7 '■  ^Z^  4-  IV.  280,  i. 
Ps.  57:2.  God  performeth  all  things  for  me.  IV.  400.     Ps.  y^:  23,  24. 


2  3  8  Perseverance. 

Thou  hast  holden,  shalt  guide  and  receive  me.  V.  ii.  Ps.  121:7. 
Shall  keep  diy  soul.  V.  363-368.  Ps.  138:8.  The  Lord  will  perfect 
that  which  concerneth  me.  V.  437,  8.  Isa.  27:3.  I,  the  Lord,  will 
keep  it  night  and  day.  VIIL  132.  Jer.  32:40.  John  8:31,  32.  X. 
315.  John  10:28,  29.  No  one  shall  snatch  them  out  of  My  (the 
Father's)  hand.  X.  341.  Rom.  8:1,2,28-37.  No  condemnation,  etc. 
XL  232.  3.  240-243.  I  Cor.  10:  13.  God  will  not  suffer  to  be  tempted 
above  that  ye  are  able  to  bear.  XL  308,  9.  Phil,  i  :  6.  He  that  hath 
begun  a  good  work  in  you  will  perfect  it.  XL  445,  6.  2  Thes.  i :  11. 
Will  fulfill  all.  XL  499.  2  Tim.  i  :  12.  He  is  able  to  guard  that  which 
I  have  committed  unto  Him.  XL  531.  2  Tim.  2:  19.  The  firm  foun- 
dation of  God  standeth.  XL  534.  2  Tim.  4:  18.  The  Lord  will  de- 
liver and  save.  XL  542.  Heb.  12 :  2.  Jesus,  the  author  and  perfecter 
of  our  faith.  XL  604.  i  Pet.  i :  5.  Guarded  by  the  power  of  God 
through  faith.  XL  646.  i  Pet.  5:10.  God  shall  Himself  perfect, 
stabli.sh,  strengthen  you.  XL  669.  2  Pet.  2:9.  The  Lord  knoweth 
how  to  deliver  the  godly  out  of  temptation.  Rom.  14:4.  God  able  to 
make  him  stand.  Jude  24.  Able  to  guard  you  from  stumbling,  i  Cor. 
I  :  8.  Who  shall  confirm  you  to  the  end,  that  ye  be  unreprovable  in 
the  day  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  XL  279.  2  Cor.  i :  10.  Who  de- 
livered us,  and  doth  deliver;  in  whom  we  trust  that  He  will  also  still 
deliver  us.  XL  347.  Eph.  1:4,  5,  13.  In  whom,  having  believed,  ye 
were  sealed  with  the  Holy  Spirit  of  promise,  which  is  an  earnest  of 
our  inheritance.  XL  415-417.  Phil.  3:  12.  I  press  on  that  I  may  ap- 
prehend that  for  which  I  was  apprehended  (grasped)  by  Christ  Jesus. 
XL  459.  I  Thes.  3:  13.  To  the  end  He  may  establish  your  hearts 
unblamable  in  holiness  before  our  God  and  Father.  2  Thes.  3:  3.  The 
Lord  is  faithful,  who  shall  stablish  you,  and  guard  you  from  the  evil 
one.  I  John  2 :  27.  The  anointing  which  ye  received  of  Him  abideth 
in  you.  i  John  3:9.  Whosoever  is  begotten  of  God  doeth  no  sin, 
because  His  seed  abideth  in  him.  XL  692.  Ps.  119:  117.  Hold  Thou 
me  up,  and  I  shall  be  safe.  V.  337.  Luke  22 :  32.  T  have  prayed  for 
thee  that  thy  faith  fail  not.  i  Pet.  5 :  10,  12.  The  God  of  all  grace 
shall  Himself  perfect,  stablish,  strengthen  you.  XL  669.  Job  17:9. 
Shall  wax  stronger  and  stronger.  VL  103,  4. 

Steadfastness  Demanded  of  the  Believer. 

I  Cor.  15:58.  Wherefore,  be  ye  steadfast,  unmovable,  always 
abounding  in  the  work  of  the  Lord,  forasmuch  as  ye  know  that  your 
labor  is  not  in  vain  in  the  Lord.  XL  341.  i  Cor.  16:  13.  Watch  ye, 
.stand  fast  in  the  faith,  quit  you  like  men,  be  strong.  XL  344.  2  Cor. 
1 :  24.  By  faith  ye  stand.  XL  350.    Gal.  5:1.  With  freedom  did  Christ 


Perseverance.  239 

set  us  free;  stand  fast  therefore.  XI.  404.  Eph.  4:  14.  Be  no  longer 
children,  tossed  to  and  fro  and  carried  about  with  every  wind  of 
doctrine.  XL  429.  Eph.  6:  10-18.  Be  strong  in  the  Lord,  and  in  the 
strength  of  His  might.  Put  on  the  whole  armor  of  God,  that  ye  may 
be  able  to  stand  against  the  wiles  of  the  devil.  That  ye  may  be 
able  to  withstand  in  the  evil  day,  and,  having  done  all,  to  stand. 
XL  443.  Phil.  1 :  27.  Stand  fast  in  one  spirit,  with  one  soul  striving 
for  the  faith  of  the  Gospel.  XL  449.  Phil.  4:  i.  Stand  fast  in  the 
Lord.  Phil.  2:  12.  Work  out  your  own  salvation  with  fear  and  trem- 
bling, for  it  is  God  which  worketh  in  you  both  to  will  and  to  work.  XL 
453.  Col.  1 :  23.  Continue  in  the  faith,  grounded  and  steadfast.  Col. 
4:  12.  -That  ye  may  stand  perfect  and  fully  assured  in  all  the  will  of 
God.  I  Thes.  3:8.  We  live  if  ye  stand  fast  in  the  Lord.  XL  488. 
2  Thes.  2:15.  Stand  fast,  and  hold  the  traditions  which  ye  were 
taught.  XL  402.  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews  a  continuous  plea  for 
steadfastness  and  perseverance,  based  upon  the  salvation  wrought  by 
the  Son  of  God,  as  Mediator,  Sacrifice,  Saviour  from  Sin,  and  Wel- 
coming Sovereign  in  the  Heavenly  Gathering.  Notably,  chapters  3, 
4,  6,  10-13.  XL  574-6,  609.  I  Pet.  5  :  8,  9.  Be  sober,  be  watchful :  your 
adversary  the  devil  walketh  about;  whom  withstand  steadfast  in  your 
faith.  XL  668.  2  Pet.  1:4-11.  Precious  and  exceeding  great  prom- 
ises, that  through  these  ye  may  become  partakers  of  the  Divine  nature, 
having  escaped  the  corruption  that  is  in  the  world  by  lust.  For  this 
cause  adding  on  your  part  all  diligence,  in  your  faith  supply  virtue, 
etc.  ...  Give  the  more  diligence  to  make  your  calling  and  elec- 
tion sure;  for  if  ye  do  these  things  ye  shall  never  stumble.  XL  670- 
672.     Also  read  XL  6f)i,  last  paragraph. 

As  life,  in  its  every  form,  finds  its  only  definition  and  evidence 
in  energy  and  movement,  advance  and  progress,  so  pre-eminently 
spiritual  life  is  disclosed  by  its  unceasing  energy  and  fruitfulness,  by 
the  unremitting  exercise  of  every  faculty  in  its  appropriate  spiritual 
work.  The  normal  condition  of  Christian  Being  and  Living  is  found 
in  the  persisten.t  aim  and  efifort  to  realize  a  higher  degree  of  Christ- 
likeness  in  spirit  and  daily  doing,  by  a  closer  walking  with,  looking 
unto,  and  resting  upon  Christ. 

The  New  Testament  exhortations  to  steadfastness  and  endurance 
to  the  end  find  abundant  and  emphatic  illustration  in  all  the  better 
men  and  women  of  the  Old  Testament  History,  alike  in  the  times  of 
Patriarchs,  of  the  Exodus  and  Wanderings,  of  Judges,  Kings  and 
Prophets.  A  main  and  vital  purpose  of  the  detailed  personal  histories 
is  to  inculcate  the  lesson  needed  by  all  in  all  time,  that  the  only  ful- 
filled and  compensated  life  is  that  which  holds  on  unwaveringly  in 


240  Self-Examination. 

the  way  of  obedience  and  trust,  of  humility  and  truth,  of  submission 
to  Divine  ordering,  and  of  unswerving  fidelity  in  all  appointed  service, 
unto  the  end  of  the  testing  period. 

God's  Part  and  Man's  Part  in  this  momentous  matter  of  Stead- 
fastness or  Perseverance  find  still  further  and  larger  exposition  and 
illustration  in  the  passages  cited  upon  pages  137-139,  under  Agency, 
Divine  and  Human.  Than  this  Theme  of  Agency,  none  other  is  of 
greater  practical  moment,  and  none  demands  more  careful  and  fre- 
quent consideration  and  regard.  Both  Themes,  Agency  and  Perse- 
verance, are  based  upon  the  same  facts  of  demanded  human  action 
and  Assured  Divine  co-operation. 

[We  hold  out  because  Christ  holds  us.  It  is  not  our  grip  on 
Him  that  counts,  but  His  grip  on  us.  "  We  stand  by  faith,''  but  it  is 
in  Him.  He  is  able  "  exceedingly  abundantly "  to  make  us  stand. 
And  we  go  on  in  Him  and  grow  in  Him.  In  Christ  the  Christian 
is  always  mightier  than  even  his  most  extravagantly  sanguine  thought. 
His  deeds  beat  his  hopes,  because,  beyond  his  sight,  Christ  puts  the 
pith  of  efficiency  in  those  deeds.  Always  "above  all"  that  the  be- 
liever "  asks  or  thinks  "  is  Christ  able.     W.  J.  Skillman.'] 

As  practically  helpful  to  these  Heart  Exercises  we  briefly  refer 
to  the  Scriptural  call  for 

SELF-EXAMINATION. 

Texts  for  thoughtful  study:  2  Cor.  13:5.  Examine  yourselves 
whether  ye  be  in  the  faith ;  prove  your  own  selves.  XL  388-390.  Gal. 
6:4.  Let  each  man  prove  (test)  his  own  work.  XL  410.  Lam.  3:40. 
Let  us  search  and  try  our  ways.  VIII.  612.  Ps.  26:2.  Examine  me 
and  prove  me.  IV.  201.  Ps.  77:6.  I  communed  with  my  own  heart; 
my  spirit  made  diligent  search.  V.  34.  Ps.  139:23,  24.  Search  me 
and  try  me,  and  see  if  there  be  any  evil  way  in  me.  V.  449-452.  Prov. 
4:25.  VI.  271.  XL  724.  In  these  passages  it  is  to  be  noted  that  the 
examination  respects  not  the  feeling,  but  the  "  faith,"  the  "  work,"  and 
the  "  zvay,"  or  the  radical  convictions  of  truth  and  duty,  and  their 
effect  in  the  life. 

The  natural  order  of  the  mind's  action  in  a  genuine  religious 
experience  is:  i.  Actual  and  profound  consideration  by  the  intellect 
or  reason  of  the  revealed  truths  and  facts  which  relate  to  and  vitally 
affect  the  present  and  eternal  well-being  of  the  soul.  2.  Knozvlcdge 
of  these  truths  wakens  and  excites  the  appropriate  feeling  in  view  of 
their  personal  bearings  and  effects.  3.  Knowledge  thus  disclosed  and 
feeling  thus  awakened  act  together  in  stirring  the  will  and  moving 
it  to  corresponding  action.     In  accord  with  this  natural  action  of  the 


Worship.  241 

mind,  a  careful  study  of  the  above  texts  shows  that  the  sphere  of 
right  and  helpful  self-examination  does  not  lie  so  much  in  the  region 
of  feeling  as  of  convictions,  choices  and  actions.  Conduct,  not  feel- 
ing, is  to  be  examined ;  grounds,  motives,  qualities  and  tendencies 
of  action,  not  their  mere  accompanying  emotions  or  frames  of  feeling. 
The  essential  point  of  self-searching  is  not  so  much  the  reality  or 
measure  of  love  to  God  and  man  as  the  character  of  the  life-ruling 
conz'ictions,  as  well  as  affections  and  the  choices,  as  these  convictions 
and  choices  are  realized  in  the  actual  ordering  of  the  life,  whether 
these  accord  with  the  disclosures  and  demands  of  Christ  respecting 
personal  salvation  and  duty.  These  deeper,  more  radical  matters  of 
knowledge  and  faith,  of  heart  choice  and  pursuit,  present  the  true 
sphere  of  wise,  healthful  and  effective  self-examination. 

Paul  nowhere  speaks  of  feeling  in  connection  with  questions  of 
spiritual  experience.  He  says,  "  I  knozv  whom  I  have  bclicz'ed."  XI. 
531.  "  This  one  thing  I  do,  forgetting  the  things  which  are  behind 
and  stretching  forward  to  the  things  that  are  before,  I  press  on."  He 
prays  for  heart-enlightenment.  Eph.  1:17,  18.  "That  God  may  give 
you  a  spirit  of  wisdom  and  revelation  in  the  knowledge  of  Christ; 
having  the  eyes  of  your  heart  enlightened,  that  ye  may  knozv  the  hope 
of  His  calling,"  etc.  And  John,  the  apostle  of  love,  lays  the  same 
superior  emphasis  upon  knowledge  and  faith  in  his  references  to 
spiritual  experience.  "  We  knozv,"  he  says,  "  and  have  hcliez'cd  the 
love  that  God  hath  to  us."  XI.  697.  Again  he  says,  i  John  3:  18,  19. 
"Let  us  not  love  in  word  or  tongue,  but  in  deed  and  truth."  XI.  693. 
And  these  words  of  PauI  and  John  furnish,  in  their  thorough  study, 
a  large  basis  for  helpful  self-examination. 


2.  WORSHIP. 

Primal,  Essential,  and  Eternal  Elements  characteriz- 
ing the  worship  of  pure  spirits,  angels,  and  redeemed 
men,  in  heaven  and  on  earth. 

Separable  into  four  particulars: 

1.  The  Offering  to  God  of  PRAISE,  for  all  that  He  is, 
in  Being,  Character,  and  Working;  the  reverent  ascription  of 

Adoring  Homage  for  His  original,  illimitable,  all-creative,  all-control- 
ling and  ineffably  glorious  Being;  ever  possessing  and  exercising  an 
16 


242  Worship-Praise. 

Infinite  Majesty,  Might,  Wisdom,  Holiness,  Justice,  Truth  and  Love. 
Ps.  96:  1-9.  V.  148-152.  Ps.  Ill:  1-3.  V.  243.  Isa.  6:  1-3.  VIII.  40- 
42.     Rev.  7:9-12.  XI.  746,  7. 

To  Praise  is  to  Declare  Blessed  and  Glorious,  or  to  Glorify. 
For  redeemed  Men 

God  is  to  be  Praised  with  Mind  and  Heart.  Ps.  47:6.  Sing 
praises  with  understanding.  IV.  340.  Ps.  96:  4.  Greatly  to  be  praised. 
Deut.  10:21.  He  is  thy  praise  and  thy  God.  Ps.  103.  All  that  is 
within  me  bless.  V.   180.     Ps.  9:  i.  With  my  whole  heart.  IV.  87. 

With  the  Voice  in  Ascription  and  Thanksgiving,  in  Prayer 
and  Song.     Ps.  96:2.  Sing  forth  from  day  to  day.  V.  149.     Ps.  105: 

2.  Sing  psalms  unto  Him.     Ps.  100:4.     Ps.  57:7.  I  will  sing  praises. 

IV.  401,  2.  Ps.  34:1.  Praise  continually  in  my  mouth.  Ps.  51:15. 
Ps.  63:3,  5.  IV.  428-430.  Isa.  51:11.  VIII.  269.  Col.  3:16.  With 
psalms  and  hymns  and  spiritual  songs,  singing  with  grace  in  your 
hearts.  XI.  480.     Illiis.  Christ  and  His  apostles.  Matt.  26:30. 

All  should  praise,  every  day,  at  all  times  and  in  all  experi- 
ences, while  life  lasts  and  forevermore.     Ps.  67:  3,  5.  Let  all  the 

peoples  praise  Thee.  IV.  450,  451.  Ps.  145:2.  Every  day  will  I  bless 
Thee.  V.  472.  Ps.  35:28.  IV.  261.  Ps.  92:2.  V.  126.  Ps.  34:  i.  At 
all  times.  Isa.  61:3.  Garment  of  praise  for  heaviness.  Acts  16:25. 
Paul  and  Silas  sang  praises  to  God.  XL  116.  Ps.  113:  3.  V.  255.  Ps. 
104:33.  I  will  sing  praise  as  long  as  I  live,  while  I  have  any  being. 

V.  201.  Isa.  51.  Come  with  singing  unto  Zion.  VIII.  269.  Ps.  86: 
12.  V.  84.  Its  value  shown:  2  Chron.  20:  22-30.  VII.  295,  6.  2  Chron. 
29:27.  VII.  339. 

Praise  is  good,  fitting  to  the  upright  and  the  grateful.    Ps. 

147:  I.  Good,  pleasant,  comely.  V.  485.     Ps.  33:  i.  IV.  247.     Ps.  135. 

3.  V.  422. 

God  is  Praised  by  all  His  Works.  Ps.  19:  1-4.  Heavens  de- 
clare the  glory  of  God.  IV.  147,  8.  Ps.  103:21,  22.  All  His  works 
in  all  places.  V.  187.  Ps.  104:  35.  V.  202-205.  By  the  heavenly  Host. 
Luke  2:  13.     Rev.  5:9.  XL  741,  747. 

Hence  the  Impassioned  Call  to  Praise.  Ps.  103:20-22.  V. 
186.  Ps.  135:19-21.  V.  425.  Ps.  145:21.  All  flesh  bless  His  holy 
name  forever.  Ps.  146:  i,  2.  V.  479-483.  Ps.  148:  1-14.  V.  492-496. 
Ps.   150:1-6.  V.  500-502. 


Thanksgiving-Service,  243 

2,  The  Offering  of  Thanksgiving  for  all  that  He  has  done 

in  behalf  of  created  spirits;  for  His  Love  in  Creating,  His  Goodness 
in  Preserving  and  Providing,  and  His  Grace  in  Redeeming  and  Eter- 
nally Saving  Men.     Ps.  100:4.  V.  168. 

Praise   and   Thanksgiving. 

In  its  highest  and  truest  significance,  Praise  is  the  instinctive  out- 
burst of  adoring  worship  that  rises  from  a  pure  creature  spirit  at  the 
knowledge  and  vision  of  an  Infinite,  Self-existent,  All-Creative  and 
Sovereignly  Ruling  God,  a  God  of  Holiness,  Justice,  Goodness  and 
Truth.  It  occupies  a  higher  vantage-ground  than  Thanksgiving, 
since  it  represents  only  the  soul's  reverent  homage  and  appreciative 
adoration  for  God  in  Himself,  as  He  is  in  Ilis  eternal,  glorious,  per- 
fect and  blessed  Being,  utterly  without  thought  of  the  good  He  be- 
stows upon  the  worshiping  recipient  creature.  The  offering  of  Praise, 
therefore,  is  the  one  spontaneous  act  of  the  human  soul,  unaffected 
by  promise  of  good  and  uninfluenced  by  expectation  of  return  for 
service.  As  thus  unmixed  with  any  thought  of  self,  Praise  is  the 
highest  expression  of  honor  to  God,  and  it  brings  the  purest  and 
loftiest  element  into  the  soul's  communion  with  God.  In  both  Testa- 
ments it  is  characterized  as  an' "  offering  "  or  "sacrifice"  by  which 
God  is  glorified.     Ps.  50:  14,  2},.  IV.  359-362.     Heb.  13:  15.  XI.  615. 

Joined  with  the  tenderer  and  sweeter  note  of  Thanksgiving  for 
ineffable  and  unlimited  "  goodness  and  mercy,"  Praise  is  the  one  re- 
vealed employment  of  t^ie  sinless  and  redeemed  hosts  in  the  Heavenly 
Presence.  Rev.  chapters  5,  7,  14.  Of  all  high  privileges  and  impera- 
tive obligations,  it  would  seem  that  this  supreme  privilege  is  least 
appreciated,  this  vital  duty  least  regarded  by  many  true  believers,  to 
their  lack  of  spiritual  energy,  comfort,  fruitfulness  and  joy. 


3.  The  Offering  of  Glad  and  Loving  Service,   iieb.  12: 

28.  Let  us  have  grace  whereby  we  may  oft'er  service  well  pleasing  to 
God.  XI.  612.  Rom.  12:  i.  Present  your  bodies  a  living  sacrifice, 
holy,  acceptable  to  God,  which  is  your  reasonable  service.  XI.  256,  7. 
Rev.  22:3.  His  servants  shall  serve  Him.  XL  781. 


These  three  particulars — Praise,  Thanksgiving  afid  Service — 
belong  to  Worship  both  in  heaven  and  on  earth.     For  elements  of 


244  Prayer. 

earthly  ivorship  befitting  the  consciously  sinful  and  responsible 
human  spirit,  lue  refer  to  the  fourth  and  final  particular  : 

4.  PRAYER.      Call;  Cry;   Supplication. 

Comprehensively,  Communion  with  God. 

Essentially,  Prayer  is  the  glad,  grateful  and  heartfelt  response 
of  the  believer  to  God's  proffer  to  meet  and  commune  with  Him.  In 
this,  as  in  all  that  transpires  between  God  and  man,  it  is  God  who 
takes  the  initiative  and  invites  the  outpouring  of  all  that  is  in  the 
heart  into  His  sympathizing  ear.  Clear  and  impressive  texts  assure 
us  upon  these  points.  Ex.  25 :  22.  I  will  meet  with  thee,  and  I  will 
commune  with  thee  from  above  the  Mercy-seat,  from  between  the  two 
cherubim.  H.  300.  Ps.  62 :  S.  Trust  in  Him  at  all  times ;  pour  out 
(empty)  your  heart  before  Him.  IV.  418.  9.  Ps.  42:4,  8.  I  pour  out 
my  soul.  IV.  313,  316.  In  public  or  private,  the  communing  soul 
must  feel  and  be  alone  with  God.  Matt.  6:6.  Pray  in  secret.  X.  156. 
The  sole  condition  of  hearing  and  response  is  a  truthful  heart  in 
asking.  John  4:23,  24.  They  that  worship  must  worship  Him  in 
spirit  and  in  truth.  X.  102.  Jer.  29:  12,  13.  Search  for  Me  with  all 
your  heart.  VIII.  529.  Ps.  57  :  7.  My  heart  is  fixed.  IV.  402.  Ps.  37 :  4. 
He  will  give  thee  the  requests  of  thy  heart.  IV.  274.  Ps.  66:  18.  If  I 
regard  iniquity  in  my  heart,  the  Lord  will  not  hear  me.  IV.  445.  Ps. 
145:18.  Call  upon  Him  in  truth.  V.  476.  2  Tim.  .2:22.  Call  upon 
the  Lord  out  of  a  pure  heart.  In  the  beauty  of  holiness.  Ps.  29:2. 
IV.  217,  220-223.  Illiis.  2  Chron.  30:18.  VII.  341.  Definition,  by 
H.  More.  IV.  436. 

[Our  necessities  and  our  desires  derive  their  force  as  pleas  from 
God's  own  character.  The  one  prevalent  plea  with  God  is  the  faith- 
ful recounting  of  all  that  grace  and  pity  which  He  is  and  has  exer- 
cised. "  For  Thou,  Lord,  art  good,  and  ready  to  forgive ;  and  plen- 
teous in  mercy  unto  all  them  that  call  upon  Thee."  Our  need  is  the 
occasion;  our  faith  and  desire  the  channel;  but  Himself  is  the  ground 
of  all  our  hope;  Himself  is  the  reason  as  Himself  is  the  source  of  all 
our  deliverance  and  all  our  salvation.     Maclaren.'] 

Name  and  Mediation  of  Christ,  the  basis  of  access  to 
God,  and  the  ground  of  faith,  boldness  and  hope  in  prayer. 

Ask  in  My  Name.  John  14:6,  13,  14.  X.  481-483.  John  16:24, 
26.  X.  502,  3.  I  Tim.  2 :  5.  One  Mediator  between  God  and  man,  the 
Man  Christ  Jesus.  XI.  510.     Eph.  2:18.  Through  Him   (Christ)   we 


Prayer.  245 

have  access  to  the  Father.  XI.  422.  Heb.  13:  15.  Through  Him  ofifcr 
sacrifice  of  praise  continually,  the  fruits  of  lips  which  make  confes- 
sion to  His  Name.  XL  615.  Rom.  8:34.  Makcth  intercession  for  us. 
XI.  242.  Heb.  7:25.  Ever  liveth  to  make  intercession.  XI.  580.  Eph. 
3 :  12.  In  whom  we  have  boldness  and  access  in  confidence  through 
our  faith  in  Him.  Heb.  5  :  14,  16.  Having  a  great  High  Priest,  Jesus 
the  Son  of  God,  let  us  draw  near  with  boldness  unto  the  throne  of 
grace,  that  we  may  find  grace  to  help  us  in  time  of  need.  XI.  569-571. 

The  Holy  Spirit  Inspirer  and  Helper  in  Prayer. 

Jude  20.  Praying  in  the  Holy  Spirit.  XI.  710.  Eph.  2:  18.  We 
have  acce.'55  by  one  Spirit  to  the  Father.  XI.  422.  Rom.  8:26.  The 
Spirit  helpeth  our  infirmity;  for  we  know  not  how  to  pray  as  we 
ought.  XI.  239.  Zcch.  12:10.  I  will  pour  the  Spirit  of  grace  and 
of  supplications.  IX.  603.  Eph.  6:  18.  Praying  in  the  Spirit.  XI. 
444.     Ps.  80:  18.  Quicken  us  and  we  will  call. 

Normal  Attitude  and  Action  of  the  Soul  in  Prayer 
with  Reference  to  the  Persons  of  the  Trinity. 

This  is  definitely  declared  in  Eph.  2:18.  For  through  Him 
(Christ)  we  have  our  access  by  (or  in)  one  Spirit  unto  the  Father. 
XI.  422.  As  fully  shown,  in  the  two  preceding  paragraphs,  Christ's 
Name  and  Mediation  constitute  the  basis  of  access,  and  the  Holy 
Spirit  is  our  efficient  Inspirer  and  Helper  in  thought,  feeling  and 
expression.  Christ  reveals  the  Father  and  is  the  Advocate' and  Inter- 
cessor with  the  Father. .  The  Holy  Spirit  reveals  Christ  in  His  medi- 
ating and  saving  offices,  shows  to  us  all  our  needs  supplied  in  Him, 
and  thus  illumines,  inspires  and  aids  our  utterance  in  prayer.  Thus 
in  our  intelligent,  heartfelt  and  acceptable  praying,  we  listen  for  the 
voice,  we  heed  the  leading  and  accept  the  influence  of  the  Spirit,  we 
plead  the  name  and  the  meritorious  work  of  Christ,  and  we  ask  the 
Father. 

Yet  we  are  privileged  to  address  our  prayer  alike  to  the  Father, 
to  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  and  to  the  Holy  Spirit,  according  to  the 
natural  play  of  our  thought  or  feeling  respecting  the  things  desired, 
and  the  special  relation  of  the  Three  Persons  to  particular  objects  of 
aspiration  or  need.  But  even  in  such  specific  form  of  address,  no 
thought  of  severance  should  be  allowed.     Read  X.  589,  590. 

Constituents  or  Parts  of  Prayer. 

(i)  Praise,  including  Ascriptions  of  Honor,  Holiness,  Majesty, 
Might,  Blessing  and  Glory,  and  Expressions  of  Adoration,  Homage, 


246  Prayer. 

Reverence  and  Devotion.  All  these  are  commanded  and  illustrated 
in  the  Psalms,  in  the  recorded  prayers  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament, 
and  in  the  celestial  pictures  of  the  Apocalypse. 

(2)  Thanksgiving.  This  too  is  repeatedly  demanded  and  ex- 
pressed by  Psalmists,  Prophets  and  Leaders  in  the  O.  T.,  and  com- 
mended in  the  New.  Phil.  4:6.  In  everything  with  thanksgiving  let 
your  requests  be  made  known  unto  God.  XI.  463.  i  Thes.  5 :  17.  In 
every  thing  give  thanks.  XI.  406.  Col.  3:  15,  17.  And  be  ye  thankful. 
XL  479.  Eph.  5 :  20.  Giving  thanks  always  for  all  things.  XL  438. 
Col.  2:7.  Abounding  in  thanksgiving.  Ps.  100:4.  Be  thankful  unto 
Him.  V.  168.     Ps.  50 :  14.  Offer  unto  God  thanksgiving.  IV.  359. 

(3)  Penitent  Confession,  i  John  1:9.  If  we  confess  our  sins, 
God  is  faithful  to  forgive.  XL  683.  Prov.  28:  13.  VI.  413.  Ps.  32:  5. 
I  said,  I  will  confess  my  transgressions,  and  Thou  forgavest.  IV.  241. 
Ps.  51.  IV.  363-371.     Isa.  6:5.  VIII.  44. 

(4)  Supplication  (Asking,  Entreaty),  including  Interces- 
sion. This  is  the  chief  constituent  of  Prayer.  In  O.  T.  God  says. 
Call  upon  Me.  Ps.  50:15.  IV.  359.  Ps.  91:15.  V.  123.  Ps.  105: 
I,  4.  Seek  His  face  evermore.  V.  207.  Isa.  65:24.  VIII.  380.  Jer. 
33:3.  Call  unto  Me,  and  I  will  answer  thee.  VIII.  553.  Zech.  10:  i. 
IX.  593.  Matt,  y."],  8.  Ask,  and  it  shall  be  given  you ;  for  every  one 
that  asketh  receiveth.  X.  166.  i  Tim.  2:  i,  2.  I  exhort  that  supplica- 
tions, intercessions  be  made  for  all.  XL  510. 

Responsive  to  and  more  fully  interpreting  these  Constituents  of 
Prayer,  we  note  the 

Attitude  and  Spirit  of  the  Accepted  Suppliant,  sug- 
gesting' the  Conditions  of  Acceptable  Prayer. 

Reverent  Praiseful  Recognition  of  God's   Greatness  and 

Majesty,  His  Holiness  and  Justice,  His  Love  and  Truth.    Ps. 

89 :  7,  8.  V.  96.  Ps.  95  :  3,  6.  V.  141.     Ps.  96 :  8,  9.  V.  151,  2.     Ps.  99 : 

5,  9.  V.  162,  3.  Ps.  108:  4,  5.  V.  224.     Ps.  111:9.  V.  245. 

[There  is  beauty  in  reverence,  there  is  joy  in  reverence,  there  is 
an  uplifting  and  ennobling  power  in  reverence.  He  who  is  reverent, 
and  who  gives  reverence  wherever  it  is  due,  shows  more  of  the  likeness 
and  grows  more  in  the  likeness  of  Him  who  has  commanded  reverence 
as  a  duty,  and  to  whom  is  due  the  supremest  duty  of  reverence.  Only 
in  a  reverent  attitude  is  there  the  possibility  of  progress  in  the  line  of 


Prayer.  247 

God's  plans  and  God's  providences;  for  at  the  best  we  cannot  fully 
know  God,  and  we  must  give  reverent  trust  beyond  our  sphere  of 
knowledge  and  of  sight.     H.  C.  Trumbull.'] 

Thankfulness  for  Providential  Goodness  and  Pardoning 
Mercy.  Ps.  103:  1-13.  V.  180-183.  Ps.  107.  V.  216-223.  Ps.  121 :  1-4- 
V.  363-368.  Ps.  139:  10.  V.  445.  Ps.  145.  V.  471-478-  Ps.  147:  7-"- 
V.  486-488.     I  Chron.  29:  11-13. 

[It  is  fit  we  should  begin  and  end  the  day  with  His  praise,  who 
begins  and  ends  it  with  His  mercy.  As  thou  wouldst  have  God  pros- 
per thy  labor  in  the  day,  and  sweeten  thy  rest  in  the  night,  clasp  them 
both  together  in  thy  morning  and  evening  devotions.     Gurnall.'] 

Feeling  of  Dependence  and  Need,  with  penitent  Sense  of 
Unworthiness  and  Sin.  Ps.  5i:i7-  Sacrifices  of  God  a  broken 
and  contrite  heart.  IV.  374.  Ps.  86:1.  Answer  me,  for  I  am  poor 
and  needy.  V.  80.  Ps.  102:  17.  V.  178.  Ps.  130:  3.  V.  400.  Luke  18: 
13.  God  be  merciful  to  me,  the  sinner.  X.  384.  2  Cor.  3:  5.  Not  suffi- 
cient of  ourselves  to  think  anything.  XI.  353. 

Humble  Submission  and  Obedient  Self-surrender.  Ps. 
119:94.  I  am  thine,  serve  me.  V.  325,  6.  Ps.  119:  146.  V.  349.  Ps. 
119:  176.  I  have  gone  astray;  seek  Thy  servant.  V.  357.  Job  34:32. 
I  will  do  iniquity  no  more.  VI.  181.  Illus.  Jacob.  Gen.  32:9-12.  I. 
465.  Job  42 :  5,  6.  VI.  220.  Isa.  6:5-8.  VIII.  43,  44-  Prodigal.  Luke 
15:  17-21.  X.  370.  Also  I  John  3:22.  We  receive  because  we  keep 
His  commandments.  XI.  694. 

Heart-Trust  in  Christ,  and  Assured  Reliance  on  the  Prom- 
ises of  God  to  Hear  and  Answer.  Matt.  9:  29.  According  to  your 
faith  be  it  unto  you.  X.  230.  Mark  11:24.  AH  things  ye  ask  in 
prayer,  believing,  ye  shall  receive.  X.  416.  John  14:  14.  X.  483.  Heb. 
11:6.  He  that  cometh  to  God  must  believe  that  He  is,  and  that  He 
is  a  rewarder  of  them  t-hat  seek  after  Him.  XI.  597,  8.  James  1:6. 
Ask  in  faith,  nothing  doubting.  XI.  620.     Illus.  Joash.  VII.  238,  242. 

Patient  Expectation,  and  Hopeful,  Assured  Waiting  upon 
God's  Time  and  Way  of  Answer.  Micah  7:7.  I  wait,  my  God 
will  hear.  IX.  489.  Ps.  .123:2.  Our  eyes  look  unto  God,  until  He 
have  mercy.  V.  373.  Many  Psalms.  27:  14.  IV.  211,  212.  37:  7.  IV. 
276.  39:7.  40:1.  IV.  297.  52:9.  136:5.  V.  402,  3.  119:10.  V. 
290. 


248  Prayer. 

Pure  Hands,  a  Whole,  True  Heart,  an  Abiding  in  Christ, 
and  a  Christ-serving  Life.  Lam.  3:41.  Lift  our  hearts  with  our 
hands.  IX.  612.  i  Tim.  2:8.  Lifting  up  holy  hands.  XL  511.  Ps. 
119:  145.  Called  with  my  whole  heart.  V.  349.  Ps.  145:  18.  To  all 
that  call  upon  Him  in  truth.  V.  476.  John  4 :  24.  Must  worship  Him. 
in  spirit  and  in  truth.  X.  102.  Heb.  10:22.  Draw  near  with  true 
heart.  XL  593,  703.  John  15 :  7.  If  ye  abide  in  Me,  and  My  words 
abide  in  you,  ye  shall  ask  what  ye  will.  X.  491.  John  15:16.  Ye 
should  bring  forth  fruit,  that  whatsoever  ye  ask.  X.  494.  Heb.  12 ; 
28.  James  5:  16.  The  supplication  of  a  righteous  man  availeth  much. 
XL  642.  I  John  3 :  20.  We  receive  because  we  do  those  things  that 
are  pleasing  in  His  sight.  XL  694. 

Hindered  and  Rejected  Prayers.    Causes  and  Effects. 

Job  15:4.  Thou  doest  away  with  fear  and  restrainest  devotion 
before  God.  VI.  95.  Job  21 :  15.  What  profit  if  we  pray.  VI.  121-123. 
Job  35  :  13.  God  will  not  hear  vanity.  VI.  184.  Ps.  66:  18.  If  I  regard 
iniquity  in  my  heart,  the  Lord  will  not  hear.  IV.  445,  6.  Isa.  59:2. 
Your  sins  have  hid  His  face  from  you,  that  He  will  not  hear.  VIII. 
340.  Matt.  6:7.  Vain  repetitions.  X.  156.  James  4:3.  Ye  ask  and 
receive  not  because  ye  ask  amiss,  that  ye  may,  etc.  XL  635.  i  Pet. 
3:7.  XL  658.  I  Tim.  2:8.  Without  wrath  and  doubting.  XL  511. 
Prov.  15:8.  Of  the  wicked  is  an  abomination  to  the  Lord.  VI.  332. 
Christ's  refusals :  The  ambition  of  James  and  John.  Mark  10 :  35. 
Vengeance.  Luke  9  :  54.     Acts  i :  8. 

Other  Conditions  or  Limitations  to  Favorable  Response. 

Requests  must  be  in  harmony  with  His  gracious  will  and  contributory 
to  His  glory.  i  John  5  :  14.  If  we  ask  anything  according  to  His  will, 
He  heareth  us.     John  14:  13.  That  the  Father  may  be  glorified. 

Must  come  from  a  loyal  and  obedient,  forgiving  and  loving,  and  an 
unselfish,  heart  and  life.  John  15:7.  If  ye  abide  in  Me,  and  My  words 
abide  in  you,  ye  shall  ask  what  ye  will,  and  it  shall  be  done  unto  you. 
Matt.  6:15.  If  ye  forgive  not  men  their  trespasses,  your  heavenly 
Father  will  not  forgive  you.  James  4:3.  Ye  receive  not  because  ye 
ask  amiss,  that  ye  may  spend  in  your  pleasures,  i  Pet.  3 :  7.  That 
your  prayers  be  not  hindered. 

Answers  withheld  for  lack  of  asking.  Job  15 : 4.  Restraining  prayer. 
VI.  95,  6.  James  4:  2.  Ye  have  not  because  ye  ask  not.  Mai.  3:  10. 
Prove  Me  now  herewith  if  I  will  not  pour  you  out  a  blessing.  IX. 


Prayer.  249 

643,  644.     Ezek.  36:37.  I  will  be  inquired  of  to  do  it.  IX.  158-160. 
Two  foundation  texts  of  missions.  VII.  203.     (Liddon.)     VII.  238,  9. 

God  the  Hearer  and  Answerer  of  Prayer,  including 
many  inspiring  and  strengthening  promises. 

Ps.  10:17.  Heard  the  desire.  IV.  95.  Ps.  18;  6.  IV.  138.  Ps. 
37:  4.  He  will  give  thee  the  requests  of  thy  heart.  IV.  274.  Ps.  65  :  2. 
Thou  that  hearest  prayer.  IV.  436,  252.  Ps.  66:  19,  20.  God  hath 
heard.  IV.  446,  447.  Ps.  91 :  15.  He  shall  call  and  I  will  answer.  V. 
123.  Prov.  15:29.  Heareth  the  prayer  of  the  righteous.  VI.  334. 
Isa.  45:,  19.  I  said  not.  Seek  ye  Me  in  vain.  VIII.  238,  9.  Isa.  65:  24. 
Before  they  call,  I  will  answer;  and  while  they  are  yet  speaking,  I 
will  hear.  VIII.  380.  Illus.  Dan.  9:21.  Jer.  29:12,  13.  Ye  shall 
pray  and  I  will  hearken.  VIII.  528,  9.  Jer.  33:2.  3.  VIII.  552,  3. 
Lam.  3:  40,  41.  VIII.  612.  Matt.  7:11.  Much  more  shall  your  Father 
give  good  things  to  them  that  ask  Him.  X.  166.  Luke  11 :  13.  X.  328. 
Eph.  3 :  20.  To  do  exceeding  abundantly  above  all  we  ask  or  think. 
XL  426.  Illiis.  Ex.  2:23-25.  I.  582.  Ps.  40:1.  IV.  296.  Ps.  116: 
I,  2.  V.  265.  The  only  limitation,  i  John  5:  14.  Jas.  5:  16.  Strenuous, 
fervent  prayer  availeth  much.  XI.  642. 

His  Command  and  Invitation  to  Pray,  including  other 
great  and  precious  promises. 

Isa.  27:  5.  Let  him  lay  hold  of  My  strength.  VTII.  133.  Jer.  33: 
3.  Call  and  I  will  answer,  and  show  thee  great  things.  VIII.  553. 
Ps.  81:  10.  Open  thy  rnouth  wide,  and  I  will  fill  it.  V.  55-57.  Zech. 
10:  I.  IX.  593.  I  Kings  3:5.  Ask  what  I  shall  give  thee.  III.  514- 
518.  Matt,  y.y,  8.  X.  165,  6.  James  4:8.  Draw  nigh  to  God,  and 
He  will  draw  nigh  to  you.  XI.  635,  637.  i  Thes.  5:  17.  Pray  without 
ceasing.  XL  496. 

God  Desires  our  Habitual  and  Unceasing  Communion 
with  Him. 

I  Thes.  5:17.  Pray  without  ceasing.  XL  496.  Eph.  6:18. 
Praying  at  all  seasons.  XL  444.  Col.  4:2.  Continue  steadfastly 
in  prayer.  XL  483.  Rom.  12:  12.  Continuing  steadfastly  in  prayer. 
XL  261.  Luke  18:1.  Men  ought  always  to  pray.  X.  383.  Christ's 
example.  X.  122-245.  See  also  Dan.  6:  10.  IX.  265.  Communion  with 
God  should  touch  every  changing  experience.  As  in  genuine  human 
fellowship,  thought  and  feeling  elicited  by  recurring  events  spring  to 
natural  expression,  so  should  it  be  with  our  fellowship  with  God,  only 


250  Prayer. 

freer  and  fuller,  as  God  is  nearer,  more  sympathetic  and  responsive. 
Hence,  the  Psalmist's  fervent  conclusion  (Ps.  73:28):  "It  is  good 
for  me  to  draw  near  to  God."  IV.  14:  16.  Also  see  Ps.  55:  17.  IV. 
389.  Ejaculatory  prayer.  Neh.  2 :  4.  I  prayed  to  the  God  of  heaven. 
VII.  533,  4.     Jas.  4:8.  XI.  635,  7.     (A.  R.)     IUhs.  VII.  174-176. 

[What  w^e  all  need  to  learn  more  is  how  to  walk  with  God  hour 
by  hour  as  a  man  with  his  friend;  not  so  much  to  be  continually  going 
in  and  out  of  His  presence  as  to  be  always  living  in  it,  without  effort 
thinking  of,  consulting  and  obeying  Him.  Bp.  Thorold.  And,  it  may 
be  added,  in  every  changing  experience  of  comfort  or  trial  spontane- 
ously pouring  out  our  gratitude  or  our  needs  into  His  heart  of  in- 
finite sympathy  and  love. 

Communion  with  Christ  is  the  best  proof  of  Christ's  existence 
and  Christ's  love.  It  is  in  the  power  of  prayer  to  realize  Christ,  to 
bring  Him  near,  to  make  you  feel  Plis  life  stirring  within  you.  Let 
but  a  man  live  with  Christ,  anxious  to  have  his  own  life  destroyed 
and  Christ's  life  established  in  its  place,  losing  himself  in  Christ,  that 
man  will  have  all  his  misgivings  silenced.  He  who  works  and  feds 
he  works — he  who  prays  and  knozvs  he  prays — has  got  the  secret  of 
transforming  life-failure  into  victory.     F.   W.  Robertson. 

Oh,  how  wonderful  is  the  blessedness  of  those  who  have  learned 
the  secret  of  a  devout  life !  Partakers  of  the  Divine  nature,  they 
partake  the  Divine  bliss.  They  are  one  with  God.  He  Himself  finds 
delight  in  their  childlike  trust  and  their  reverential  love.  And  the  soul 
that  dwells  with  God  is  already  in  possession  of  a  victorious  strength, 
a  celestial  peace  and  Divine  delight.     R.  IV.  Dale.'] 

Importunate  boldness  and  impassioned  energy  com- 
mended by  word  and  example. 

Ps.  50:  15.  Call  and  I  will  deliver.  IV.  360.  Ps.  55:22.  Cast  thy 
burden  upon  the  Lord.  IV.  391.  Heb.  4:  16.  Come  boldly  unto  the 
throne  of  grace.  James  5:  16.  The  energetic  (working)  prayer  of  a 
righteous  man  availeth  much.  XI.  642.  Job  21  :  15.  VI.  121,  2.  Matt. 
7:7.  Ask,  seek,  knock.  X.  165,  328.     Luke  18:  1-8.  X.  383,  4.     Ps.  5: 

I,  2.  IV.  64.  (Also  last  notes  of  Ps.  VI.)  Ps.  18:  6.  I  cried.  IV.  138. 
Hos.  12:3,  4.  IX.  371.     Dan.  2:  17,  18.  IX.  230.     Luke  11:5. 

Subjects  of  Prayer,  suggested  directly  and  indirectly. 
Moses'  Great  Petition.  Ex.  33:  19.  II.  261-266.     His  intercession. 

II.  551,  2.  Wisdom  and  Knowledge.  2  Chron.  1:10.  III.  517,  8. 
Blessing  of  God  (Jacob).  Gen.  32:26-28.  I.  468.  IX.  370-372.     For 


Prayer.  251 

the  Church:  Its  Peace.  Ps.  122:6.  V.  370.     //?  increase.  Isa.  62:  y. 

VIII.  360.  Ezek.  36:37.  IX.  158-160.  Its  reviving.  Heb.  3:2.  IX. 
516.  Increase  of  its  niinisters.  Matt.  9:38.  Pray  ye  the  Lord  of  the 
harvest  that  He  would  send  laborers.  (Only  specific  subject  referred 
to  by  Christ.)  For  all  men,  kings,  etc.  i  Tim.  2:  i.  XI.  510.  For 
persecutors.  Matt.  5  :  44.  Against  temptation.  Matt.  26:41.  For  wis- 
dom in  the  life.  Job  34:32.  VI.  181.  James  1:6.  XL  620.  One  for 
another.  James  5 :  16.  XL  639,  642.  For  the  preacher  and  the  Word. 
2  Thes.  3:1.  For  correction.  Jer.  10:24.  O  Lord,  correct  me,  buL 
with  judgment.  VIII.  447.  Indirectly.  Ps.  102:  17.  He  hath  regarded 
the  prayer  of  the  destitute.  V.  176.  James  5:  15.  The  prayer  of  faith 
shall  save  him  that  is  sick.  XL  641.  Many  more  subjects  and  sug- 
gested teachings  found  in  the 

Prayers  Recorded  in  the  Bible. 

Prayers  of  the  Old  Testament.  Abraham  for  Sodom.  Gen. 
18:23-33.  I-  356,  7-  Jacob's  confession  and  prayer  at  Mahanaim. 
Gen.  32:9-12.  I.  464-467.  Jacob  wrestling  at  Peniel.  Gen.  32:24-32. 
I.  468-472.  Hosea  12:3,  4.  IX.  371,  2.  Job  42:4-7.  In  Ezek.  14: 
14,  associated  vvith  Xoah  and  Daniel,  as  men  of  prayer.  Moses :  At 
Rephidim.  Ex.  17.  II.  91,  94.  Intercession  after  the  Golden  Calf.  Ex. 
32:11-14.  II.  248-250.  Second  Intercession.  Ex.  32:31,  32.  II.  245. 
Third  Intercession.  Ex.  33:11-18.  II.  258,  9.  Fourth  Intercession. 
Ex.  34:9.  11.  267.  His  Great  Petition,  "  Show  me  Thy  glory,''  and 
its  Answer.  Ex.  33:  19;  34:5-9.  II.  261-266.  Displeased  at  Taberah. 
Num.  11:11-23.  II-  541-  Intercession  at  Paran.  Num.  14:11-25.  II. 
551,  2.  Samuel,  as  a  man  of  prayer,  linked  with  Moses.  Ps.  99:  6.  V, 
164.  Jer.  15:  I.  VIII.  466.  David's  Gratitude  and  Praise.  2  Sam.  7: 
25-29.  III.  391.  Solomon's  request  for  wisdom.  III.  517.  Dedication 
of  Temple.  III.  552,  558,  570.  Answered.  III.  574.  Elijah.  VII.  100, 
115-117.  Elisha.  VII.  201-203,  205,  164.  Asa.  VII.  280-282.  Jehosh- 
aphat.  VII.  294.  Hezekiah  and  Isaiah.  VII.  365-369.  Jeremiah.  VII. 
444,  445.  Dan.  6:  10.  IX.  255,  6.  9:3-19.  IX.  295-298.  Ezra.  VII. 
521.      Nehemiah.    VII.    533.     Amos   7:  1-6.      Intercession    ansv/ered. 

IX.  425,  6. 

Prayers  of  New  Testament.  Publican.  Luke  18:12,  13.  X. 
384.  First  recorded  prayer  of  the  Church.  Acts  4:24-31.  XL  ^^. 
Stephen.  Acts  7:59,  60.  XL  54.  Saul.  Acts  9:6.  XL  63.  Paul  in 
Epistles  (to  be  carefully  srudied).  Eph.  i:  15-23.  XL  417.  Eph.  3: 
13-19.  XL  425.  Phil.  1 :  9-1 1.  XL  447.  Col.  i :  9-13.  XL  469.  2  Thes. 
1 : 3-12.  499. 


252  Prayer. 

Prayer  and  Watching.  Neh.  4:9.  We  made  our  prayer  and 
set  a  watch.  VII.  539,  541,  2.  Ps.  5:3.  Will  order  my  prayer  and 
keep  watch.  IV.  64,  5.  Luke  21 136.  Matt.  26:41.  Watch  and  pray. 
Eph.  6:  18.  Praying  and  watching  thereunto  in  all  perseverance,  i 
Pet.  4:  7.  Watch  unto  prayer.  XI.  662.  Col.  4:  2.  Watch  in  the  same. 
XI.  483.     Ps.  119:37.  Quicken  me.  V.  303. 

Prayer  and  Thanksgiving.  Phil.  4:6.  With  thanksgiving. 
Eph.  5 :  20.  Giving  thanks  always  for  all  things.  Col.  2 :  7.  Abound- 
ing in  thanksgiving.  Col.  4:2.  With  thanksgiving.  XI.  483.  i  Thes. 
5:  16.  In  everything  give  thanks,  i  Tim.  2:  i.  Prayers  and  giving  of 
thanks. 

Prayer  and  Forgiveness.  Mark  11:25.  When  ye  pray,  for- 
give. X.  416.  Matt.  6:  12,  14,  15.  Forgive  as  we  forgive.  For  if  ye 
forgive,  your  Father  will  forgive.  X.  158. 

Prayer  and  Peace.  Phil.  4:6,  7.  In  everything  by  prayer  and 
supplication  with  thanksgiving  let  your  requests  be  made  known  unto 
God.  And  the  peace  of  God,  which  passeth  all  understanding,  shall 
guard  your  hearts  and  thoughts  in  Christ  Jesus.  XI.  462,  463. 

Prayer  and  Meditation.     XI.  536.     (T.  B.) 

Prayer  and  Faith.      See  Faith  and  Prayer,  p.  84. 

Prayer  and  Natural  Law.  [Everywhere  God  works  by  law, 
by  order,  by  method.  But  our  Lord  taught  us  that  prayer  is  not  the 
attempt  to  drag  down  the  divine  operations  to  the  level  of  our  folly; 
prayer  is  a  method  by  which  we  lift  up  our  will  into  correspondence 
with  the  methods  of  God.  There  are  stores  of  blessings  which  God 
intends  for  us,  but  which  He  will  not  give  unless  we  energetically 
correspond  with  His  law,  with  His  method,  by  prayer.  Prayer  is  as 
fruitful  a  correspondence  with  the  method  of  God  as  work — as  fruit- 
ful and  as  necessary.  Some  things  you  can  obtain  by  work  without 
prayer;  some  things  you  can  obtain  by  prayer  without  other  work; 
some  things  by  the  combination  of  working  and  praying;  but  no 
things  at  all  without  your  co-operation;  and  co-operation  by  prayer 
has  no  kind  of  rational  difficulty  attendant  upon  it  which  does  not 
attend  equally  upon  co-operation  by  the  method  of  work.  You  have 
no  kind  of  right  to  put  the  reign  of  law  as  an  obstacle  to  prayer  unless 
you  are  prepared  to  make  the  reign  of  law  an  obstacle  to  your  doing 


Prayer.  253 

anything  to  get  your  own  living.  .  .  .  It  is  true  that  the  man  of 
prayer  who  approaches  the  Father  in  the  name  of  the  Son,  in  intelH- 
gent  correspondence  with  the  divine  kingdom  and  divine  purpose, 
draws  out  of  the  largeness  of  the  love  of  God  infinite  stores  of  good 
things  which  God  wills  to  give  to  him,  and  through  him  to  his  family, 
his  church,  his  nation,  humanity — stores  of  good  things  which  are 
there  in  the  providence  of  God  waiting  to  comfort  him,  but  will  not 
be  given  him  except  he  prays.     C.  Gore.'] 

United  Prayer.  Matt.  18:  19,  20.  I  say  unto  you,  that  if  two 
of  you  shall  agree  on  earth  as  touching  anything  that  they  shall  ask, 
it  shall  be  done  for  them  of  My  Father  which  is  in  heaven.  For 
where  two  or  three  are  gathered  together  in  My  name,  there  am  I  in 
the  midst  of  them.  X.  293.  Acts  i :  14.  These  all  with  one  accord 
continued  steadfastly  in  prayer.  XI.  14,  86. 

Public  Prayer.  Isa.  56:7.  I  will  make  them  joyful  in  My 
house  of  prayer,  for  Mine  house  shall  be  called  a  house  of  prayer. 
VIII.  317.  First  recorded  Public  Prayer,  Solomon  at  the  Dedication 
of  the  Temple.  III.  555-559-  Afterward:  Jehoshaphat.  2  Chron.  20: 
5-13.  VII.  294.  Neh.  9:4-38,  565-567.  Heb.  10:25.  Not  forsaking 
the  assembling  of  yourselves  together.  A''.  T.  Illustrations:  Acts  4: 
24-31.     Acts  12:5.     Acts  16:13-16. 

Many  of  the  Psalms  utter  the  call  to  worship,  or  express  delight 
in  the  Sanctuary  service.  They  refer  to  song  and  prayer  and  to  the 
truths  unfolded  in  the  s^acred  Place,  where  God's  honor  and  beauty 
abide.  They  utter  with  fervid  words  the  experiences  of  instruction, 
inspiration  and  comfort,  of  uplifting  and  delight,  that  come  into  their 
hearts  from  the  hallowing  influences  that  fill  the  Holy  Place  of  God's 
Presence  and  communing  Fellowship.  E.g.:  Psalms  27:4-6:  48:9; 
65:  1-4;  68:24-26;  77:  13;  84:  1,2,4,  10;  89:  7;  95:2-6;  96:8,9;  99: 
5,  9 ;  122  :  I ;  134  :  2,  3  ;  149  :  i :  150  :  i- 

We  conclude  this  vital  theme  with  a  succinct  outline  of 

Resultant  Blessings  of  Prayer  to  the  Steadfast  Sup- 
pliant. 

In  the  still  hour  of  personal  communion  with  God  the  soul  is  best 
and  most  prepared  for  all  its  duties  to  man  and  God.  Then  and  there 
the  best  knowledge,  the  deepest  conviction,  of  duty  is  gotten,  or  more 
clearly,  deeply  impressed.  There  the  judgment  and  conscience  receive 
most  light  upon  questions  of  practical  difficulty.     There  the  will  is. 


2  54  Prayer. 

most  effectually  disciplined  against  willfulness,  trained  for  practice 
in  self-denial,  for  the  putting  forth  of  energy  in  the  true  work  of  life. 
There  also,  through  the  present  working  of  Divine  grace,  the  repulsive 
propensities  to  evil  of  flesh  and  spirit  are  more  and  more  brought  into 
subjection,  the  adorning  graces  of  simplicity,  meekness,  truthfulness 
and  purity  are  maintained  and  augmented  in  their  power.  There  the 
heart  is  made  peaceful  and  happy  in  its  toil  by  the  daily  deepening 
of  its  responsive  trust  and  love.  From  habitual  solitary  communion 
with  God,  too,  we  get  all  needful  preparation  for  trials,  light  or 
grievous,  preparation  for  the  emergencies  of  temptation  or  affliction, 
emergencies  belonging  to  almost  every  day.  And  through  the  faithful 
use  of  the  still  hour,  the  Christian  makes  the  most  of  himself  and  of 
his  life  in  this  world.  He  makes  the  most  of  himself  and  for  him- 
self. In  the  wrestle  of  that  hour,  he  gets  through  Divine  power 
that  evenness  of  temper  which  keeps  down  alike  rash  judgments 
and  excited  passions.  In  the  triumphant  testing  of  God's  truth  and 
promise  by  a  wrestling  spirit,  he  receives  such  conviction  of  their 
reality  as  brings  his  soul  more  and  more  under  their  actuating  power. 
All  his  spiritual  energies  are  kept  aroused  and  active.  His  faith  is 
made  more  vital,  active,  fruitful.  He  develops  in  breadth  and  sym- 
metry of  character,  grows  daily  unto  the  stature  of  a  perfect  man- 
hood in  Christ  Jesus.  And  making  most  of  himself,  he  makes  most 
for  himself  here.  It  may  not  be  in  perishable  treasure  or  enviously 
acknowledged  fame.  It  is  in  something  better  far,  in  that  peace  of 
the  soul  that  leans  always  and  closely  upon  Jesus  the  Christ,  in  the 
calmness  of  hope,  the  assurance  of  expectant  joy  that  looks  all  round 
the  forward  horizon  and  up  into  a  cloudless  heaven  as  he  songfully 
journeys  on.  Thus,  too,  he  makes  the  most  of  his  life  here,  the  most 
of  what  can  be  achieved  for  others.  Christ's  most  eminent  because 
successful  toilers,  in  every  age,  have  been  those  who  have  lived  in 
the  closest  communion  with  Him.  Holy  men  and  women  in  every 
age,  coming  from  the  mount  of  the  Divine  dzvelling,  have  come  burn- 
ing as  well  as  shining  lights,  clothed  with  His  power  in  their  heart- 
felt utterances.  As  their  fellowship  was  with  God,  as  they  abode  and 
walked  in  His  light,  so  they  ever  brought  God  with  them  and  kept 
His  Spirit  in  their  hearts,  and  thus  were  their  toils  directed,  their 
words  inspired,  their  yearning  desires  satisfied. 


Labor   or  Work.  255 

Of  like  obligation  tvith  the  Call  to  Worship  is  the  Cotmnand 
to  dignify  and  utilize  this  life  by 

3.  LABOR,  or  WORK. 

Ordained  in  Eden,  Gen.  2:  15.  Put  the  man  into  the  garden 
to  dress  it  and  to  keep  it.  I.  167. 

Renewed  after  the  Fall.  Gen.  3 :  19.  In  the  sweat  of  thy  face 
shalt  thou  eat  bread.  I.  193. 

Embodied  in  the  Moral  Law.  Ex.  20 :  9.  Six  days  shalt  thou 
labor  and  do  all  thy  work.  II.  176. 

Other  References:  Prov.  13:4,  n.  He  that  gathcreth  by  labor 
shall  increase.  VI.  313,  314.  Prov.  14:  23.  In  all  labor  there  is  profit. 
VI.  324.  Eccles.  5 :  12.  Sleep  of  laboring  man  is  sweet.  VI.  473. 
Eccles.  9:  10.  No  work  in  the  grave.  VI.  499-501-  Ps.  104:23.  Man 
goeth  forth  to  his  work.  V.  197, -8.  Zech.  14:20,  21.  IX.  619,  20. 
Mark  13:38.  To  every  man  his  work.  X.  455,  458.  i  Cor.  4:12. 
Laboring  with  our  own  hands.  XL  293.  Eph.  4:28.  Working  with 
his  hands  that  he  may  have  to  give  to  him  that  hath  need.  XI.  433. 
Col.  3 :  23,  24.  Whatsoever  ye  do,  do  it  heartily  as  to  the  Lord  and 
not  unto  men;  for  ye  serve  the  Lord  Christ.  XL  482.  i  Thes.  4:  12. 
Work  with  your  own  hands  that  ye  may  walk  honestly,  and  have  need 
of  nothing.  Matt.  10:10.  The  workman  is  worthy  of  hi?  food.  2 
Thes.  3 :  10.  If  any  will  not  work,  neither  let  him  eat.  XL  504. 

Diligence,  or  Industry,  Tends  to  Thrift,  Competence 

and  Honor.  Prov.  10:4.  Hand  of  the  diligent  maketh  rich.  VI. 
296.  Prov.  13:  4.  The  soul  of  the  diligent  shall  be  made  fat.  VI.  313. 
Prov.  12:24,  27.  The  hand  of  the  diligent  shall  bear  rule.  The 
precious  substance  of  men  is  to  the  diligent.  VI.  31T.  Prov.  21:5. 
The  thoughts  of-  the  diligent  tend  only  to  plenteousness.  VI.  2,7^- 
Prov.  22 :  29.  A  man  diligent  in  his  business  shall  stand  before  kings. 
VI.  382,  383.  Prov.  27 :  23.  Be  thou  diligent  to  know  the  state  of 
thy  flocks.  VI.  411.  Prov.  31:27.  Rom.  12:11.  In  diligence  not 
slothful.  XL  260. 

Idleness,   or   Slothfulness,   Tends  to  Waste,   Want, 
Wretchedness  and  Disgrace.     Prov.  18:9.  He  that  is  slack  in 

his  work  is  brother  to  a  destroyer.  VI.  351.  Prov.  19:15-  An  idle 
soul  shall  suffer  hunger.  VI.  360.     Prov.  13:4.  The  sluggard  desireth 


256  Use  of  Speech,  or  the  Tongue. 

and  hath  nothing.  VI.  313.  Prov.  20:4.  The  sluggard  shall  beg  in 
harvest  and  have  nothing.  Prov.  6:6-11.  Go  to  the  ant,  thou  slug- 
gard. Thy  want  shall  come  as  an  armed  man.  VI.  277,  9.  Prov.  15: 
19.  The  way  of  the  sluggard  as  a  hedge  of  thorns.  VI.  333.  Prov.  24: 
30-34.  Vineyard  of  the  slothful  all  grown  over  with  thorns.  VI.  398, 
399.  Eccles.  10 :  18.  By  slothfulness  the  roof  sinketh  in,  and  through 
idleness  the  house  leaketh.  VI.  505.  i  Tim.  5 : 8.  If  any  man  provide 
not  for  his  own,  he  is  worse  than  an  infidel.  XI.  521.  Prov.  26:  14, 
16.  VT.  405. 

[Christian  life  calls  for  work  sustained  by  zvorship.  Mary's  warm, 
heart  must  be  joined  to  Martha's  busy  hand.  Christian  toil  is  rooted 
to  worship  as  the  strong  branches  of  the  tree  above  are  fed  by  the 
great  roots  below.  Christian  toil  must  depend  on  the  secret  roots  of 
prayer.  Worship  simplifies  work,  unifies  work,  calms  the  spirit,  makes 
us  uncomplaining  and  carries  everything  in  the  right  spirit  to  the 
Master.     E.  Judson.'] 


II.  BELIEVER'S  PERSONAL  OBLIGATIONS 
TOWARD  FELLOW  MEN. 

Note. — Although  broadly  treated  in  the  comprehensive  state- 
ments tinder  Christian  Work  or  Service  (//.  194-200),  the  fol- 
lowing specific  points  are  needful  to  complete  the  Scripture 
TeacJiings  : 

I.  PURE,  WISE  AND  HELPFUL  USE  OF  SPEECH. 

The  Tongue  (gift  of  speech)  Man's  Glory.  Ps.  57  :  8.  IV. 
402. 

Effective  for  Good  or  Evil.  Income  from  spoken  words.  Prov. 
18:  20.  VI.  355.  Death  and  life  in  the  power  of  the  tongue.  Prov.  18: 
21.  VI.  356.  James  3:8-10.  The  tongue  can  no  man  tame;  it  is  a 
restless  evil.  Therewith  bless  we  God,  and  therewith  curse  we  men ; 
out  of  the  same  mouth  cometh  forth  blessing  and  cursing.  XI.  632. 

Referred  to  and  Characterized: 

I.  As  True,  Pure,  Helpful;  and  Commended.  Proverbs: 
10:11.  Mouth  of  righteous  a  fountain  of  life.  VI.  297.  10:21,  22. 
Tips  of  righteous  feed  many.  p.  298.     12:  18,  19.  Tongue  of  wise  is 


Speech,  or  Tongue.  257 

health.  Lip  of  truth  established  forever,  p.  310.  12:22.  They  that 
deal  truly  are  His  delight,  p.  311.  12:25.  A  good  word  maketh  glad, 
p.  311.  15:1.  A  soft  word  turneth  away  wrath,  p.  330.  25:15.  A 
soft  tongue  breaketh  the  bone,  p.  401.  25:  11.  A  word  fitly  spoken, 
p.  401.  15:23,  26.  A  word  in  season,  good,  p.  333,  4.  Ps.  15:2,  3. 
Speaketh  truth  in  his  heart.  IV.  114,  5.  Ps.  37:30.  Mouth  of  right- 
eous speaketh  wisdom.  IV.  282.  Isa.  50 : 4.  Sustain  with  words  him 
that  is  weary.  VIII.  263.  I  Hits.  Judges  8:2,  3.  III.  219.  Prov.  31: 
26.  VI.  429.  Words  of  godly  noted,  recorded,  and  remembered.  Mai. 
3 :  16.  IX.  646,  7. 

2.  As  False,  Hurtful;  and  Condemned.  Proverbs:  11 :9,  13. 
VI.  302,  3.  12:22.  Lying  lips  an  abomination  to  the  Lord.  VI.  310. 
16:  27,  30.  Lips  a  scorching  fire,  p.  342.  17:  20.  Perverse  tongue  fall- 
eth  into  mischief,  p.  348.  18:8,  p.  351,  6.  27:  22.  Words  of  a  whis- 
perer, p.  400.  22:23,  P-  372-  25:18.  Maul,  sword,  sharp  arrow,  p. 
402.  26:28.  Lying  tongue,  flattering  mouth,  p.  406.  Idle  speaking. 
Prov.  13:3.  VI.  312.  Ps.  12:2,  3.  With  flattering  lips  and  a  double 
heart  they  speak.  IV.  loi.  Ps.  31:  18.  Lying  Hps.  TV.  232.  Ps.  120: 
2,  3.  Lying  lips  and  deceitful  tongue.  V.  361,  2.  Rom.  3:  13.  With 
their  tongues  used  deceit.  Eccles.  5  :  6.  Eph.  5  :  4.  XL  436.  2  Tim. 
3  :  2.     Read  again.  XL  632-634. 

Cautions  and  Counsels: 

Ps.  34:  13.  Keep  thy  tongue  from  evil,  and  thy  lips  from  speaking 
guile.  IV.  255.  Prov.  10:  19.  He  that  rcfraineth  his  lips  doeth  wisely. 
VI.  298.  Prov.  14:  23.'  Talk  of  lips  tendeth  to  penury.  VI.  325.  Prov. 
21 :  23.  He  that  keepeth  his  mouth  and  tongue  kccpeth  his  soul  from 
troubles.  VI.  372.  Eccles.  10:12.  VI.  505.  Eccles.  12:10.  Accept- 
able words  of  truth.  VI.  522.  Matt.  12:36,  37.  By  thy  words  justi- 
fied .  .  .  condemned.  X.  188.  James  i :  19,  26.  Bridleth  not  his 
tongue,  his  religion  vain.  XI.  624.  Eph.  5:4.  Foolish  talking  not 
befitting  saints.  XL  436.  Ps.  39:1.  IV.  289.  Zech.  8:16.  Speak 
truth  to  neighbor.  IX.  584.  Eph.  4:15,  16,  25.  Speak  truth  with 
neighbor.  XL  429,  430,  433.  i  Pet.  3 :  10.  Refrain  his  tongue  from 
evil,  and  his  lips  that  they  speak  no  guile.  Ps.  34:  13.  IV.  255.  James 
4:11.  Speak  not  evil  one  of  another.  XL  637,  8.  Eph.  4:29.  No 
corrupt  speech,  but  that  which  is  good  for  edifying.  XL  434.  James 
1 :  19.  Slow  to  speak.  XL  624.  Col.  4:6.  Let  your  speech  be  always 
with  grace,  that  ye  may  l:now  how  ye  ought  to  answer  each  one.  XL. 
483.  Titus  2 : 8.  Sound  speech  that  cannot  be  condemi.ed.  Illus.. 
Mai.  2:6.  The  law  of  truth  was  in  his  mouth.  IX.  631. 
17 


258  Riches,  Wealth,  Money. 

[Albeit  pleasantry  itself  be  no  sin,  yet  three  cautions  should  be 
rigidly  observed :  First,  from  all  our  pleasantry  must  be  banished  even 
the  remotest  allusion  to  impurity,  which  forms  the  staple  of  much  of 
this  world's  wit.  Secondly,  all  playful  words  that  hurt  another  person 
and  wound  his  feelings  are  absolutely  forbidden  by  the  law  of  Chris- 
tian love.  Thirdly,  all  pleasantries  that  bring  any  thing  sacred  into 
ridicule,  or  connect  with  it  in  the  minds  of  others  ludicrous  associa- 
tions, are  carefully  to  be  eschewed.     Goulburn.} 

Appropriate  Petitions:  Ps.  19:  14.  Let  the  words  of  my  mouth  be 
acceptable  in  Thy  sight.  IV.  158.  Ps.  119:  172.  Let  my  tongue  speak 
of  Thy  word.  V.  356.  Ps.  141 :  3.  Set  a  watch,  O  Lord,  before  my 
mouth ;  keep  the  door  of  my  lips.  V.  456,  7. 


2.  HONEST,  WISE  AND   HELPFUL  GETTING  AND 
USE    OF    MONEY. 

God's  Ownership. 

Hag.  2:7,  8.  Silver  is  Mine,  gold  is  Mine.  IX.  542,  3.  i  Chron. 
29:  14.  All  things  come  of  Thee,  and  of  Thine  own  have  we  given 
Thee.  III.  491.     Eccles.  2:24.  It  is  from  the  hand  of  God.  VI.  451. 

God's  Gift  for  Use  and  Stewardship. 

Deut.  8:  18.  He  giveth  thee  power  to  get  wealth.  II.  651,  2.  Ps. 
41 :  I.  IV.  305,  6.  Prov.  10:  22.  Blessing  of  the  Lord  maketh  rich,  etc. 
VL  298.     Eccles.  5:  19;  6:  2.  VI.  475,  478.     Isa.  32:8.  VIII.  158. 

His  Gift  conditioned  upon  man's  diligent  effort. 

Prov.  10:4.  The  hand  of  the  diligent  maketh  rich.  VI.  296. 
Prov.  22:  29.  VI.  382,  3.     Rom.  12:  11.  XL  259,  260. 

Wealth,  rightly  gotten  and  used  for  God  and  good, 
a  Help  and  Blessing. 

Eccles.  10:  19.  Money  answereth  all  things.  VI.  505,  6.  Eccles. 
7:  12.  Money  is  a  defense.  VI.  484.  Eccles.  2:24.  VI.  451.  Mai.  3: 
7-12.  IX.  642-645.  Luke  16:9.  Make  friends  by  means  of  the  un- 
righteous mammon.  X.  374,  5.  Acts  10 : 4.  Thine  alms  a  memorial 
before  God.  XL  71.     Eph.  4:  28.  XL  433. 


Wealth.  259 

Wealth  wrongfully  gotten  and  used  for  evil,  a  Hurt 
and  Curse. 

Job  15:29.  VI.  97.  Job  20:  10.  VI.  117.  Prov.  10:22.  Treasures 
of  wickedness  profit  nothing.  VI.  296,  8,  9.  Prov.  13:11.  VI.  314. 
Prov.  21  :  6.  VI.  371.  Prov.  22:  16,  22.  VI.  380,  382.  Prov.  23:4,  5. 
VI.  385.  Jer.  17:  II.  He  that  getteth  riches,  and  not  by  right,  shall 
leave  them,  and  at  his  end  shall  be  a  fool.  VIII.  481,  2.  The  moral 
quality  of  money-making  is  determined  by  the  motive  and  methods  of 
the  money-maker.  If  for  self  alone,  even  by  honest  means,  it  is  not 
approved  of  God.  If  for  self,  and  by  dishonest  methods,  it  is  accursed 
of  God.  .  If  sought  by  right  methods,  and  employed  for  uses  He  indi- 
cates and  approves,  then  "  the  blessing  of  the  Lord  maketh  rich,  and 
He  addeth  no  sorrow  therewith."  Hence  both  the  acquisition  and 
use  of  money  or  wealth  afford  a  test  of  character,  a  disclosure  of  the 
man's  governing  affections  and  motives.  Matt.  6:21.  Where  thy 
treasure  is  there  will  thy  heart  be.  X.  161. 

Relation  of  Wealth  to  a  true  or  righteous  Life. 

Luke  12:  15.  A  man's  life  consistcth  not  in  the  abundance  of  the 
things  which  he  possesses.  X.  194-196.  Prov.  15:  16.  Better  a  little 
with  fear  of  God.  VI.  333.  Prov.  16:8,  16.  Better  little  with  right- 
eousness. VI.  339.  Ps.  37:  16.  IV:  279.  Prov.  22:  i,  2.  A  good  name 
rather  to  be  chosen  than  great  riches.  VI.  374,  5.  Ps.  19:10.  IV. 
154.     Ps.  119:72.  V.  319. 

Riches  Unsatisfying. 

Eccles.  4 :  7,  8.  Neither  are  his  eyes  satisfied  with  riches.  VI.  468. 
Eccles.  5 :  10.  He  that  loveth  silver  shall  not  be  satisfied  with  silver. 
VI.  472,  6.    Jer.  48:  12.  VIII.  568. 

Bring  care  and  trouble. 

Prov.  15:16, -17.  Great  treasure  and  trouble  therewith.  VI.  333. 
Prov.  23 : 4,  5.  Weary  not  thyself  to  be  rich  .  .  .  riches  take 
wings.  VI.  385.  Eccles.  5:  11.  12.  The  fullness  of  the  rich  will  not 
suffer  him  to  sleep.  VI.  473.  Vs.  13.  Riches  kept  by  the  owner  to  his 
hurt. 

Self -trusting,  God-forgetting  Effect. 

Ps.  30:6.  I  said  in  my  prosperity,  I  shall  never  be  moved.  TV. 
226.  Ps.  55 :  19.  Who  have  no  changes  fear  not  God.  IV.  390.  Ps. 
73  •  3"9-  V-  7»  ^-     Js^'  22  :  21.  I  spake  in  thy  prosperity,  but  thou  saidst. 


26o  Riches,  Wealth. 

I  will  not  hear.  VIII.  503.     Jer.  48:  11.  At  ease  and  settled.  VIII. 
567.     Hos.    13 :  6.  Filled  and  exalted,   therefore   have   forgotten   Me. 

IX.  375. 

Results  of  the  love  of  money  and  the  determination 
to  be  rich. 

I  Tim.  6:9,  ID.  They  that  desire  to  be  rich  fall  into  many  foolish 
and  hurtful  lusts,  such  as  drown  men  in  destruction.  For  the  love  of 
money  is  a  root  of  all  kinds  of  evil.  XI.  524,  5.  Mark  10:24.  How 
hard  for  them  that  trust  in  riches  to  enter  the  Kingdom  of  God.  X. 
389,  390.  Prov.  11:28.  He  that  trusteth  in  riches  shall  fall.  Eccles. 
5:  13.  Riches  kept  by  the  owner  to  his  hurt.  VI.  473,  476.  Ps.  49:6, 
II,  14,  17.  They  that  trust  in  their  wealth  and  boast  themselves  in 
their  riches,  etc.  IV.  349-354.  Ps.  52 :  7.  Lo,  this  is  the  man  that 
trusted  in  the  abundance  of  his  riches.  IV.  378.  Prov.  28:  11,  20,  22. 
The  rich  wise  in  their  own  conceit.  VI.  413,  415.  Illus.  Gen.  13:  11. 
Lot's  choice.  I.  308,  9.     Gehazi.  VII.  198,  9. 

Wealth  left  behind  at  the  last. 

Ps.  49:10.  Die  and  leave  to  others.  Carry  nothing  away.  IV. 
350,  I.  Ps.  39:6.  Heapeth  up  riches  and  knoweth  not  who  shall 
gather  them.  IV.  292.  Ps.  y^:  12,  17-20.  V.  8-10.  Eccles.  5:  15.  He 
shall  take  nothing  for  his  labor.  VI.  473,  4.  Vs.  14.  p.  473.  Jer.  48 :  36. 
VIII.  570.  Luke  12:  20.  This  night  thy  soul  shall  be  required  of  thee; 
then  whose  shall  those  things  be  which  thou  hast  prepared?  X.  194, 
196.     Isa.  5:9,  10.  VIII.  36. 

Riches  of  no  Avail  in  the  Day  of  Wrath. 

Prov.  11:4.  Riches  profit  not  in  the  day  of  wrath.  VI.  302.  Ezek. 
7:19.  Their  silver  and  gold  not  able  to  deliver  in  the  day  of  the 
Lord's  wrath.  IX.  43.  Zeph.  i  :  18.  IX.  527.  Job  27:  16-22.  VI.  146. 
Luke  12:21.  So  is  he  that  layeth  up  treasure  for  himself.  X.  196. 

Cautions  and  Counsels. 

Deut.  6:  10-12.  Beware  lest  thou  forget  the  Lord  thy  God.  II.  643. 
Deut.  8:  14.  17.  Beware  lest  thy  heart  be  lifted  up.  11.  651.  Ps.  62; 
10.  If  riches  increase,  set  not  your  heart  upon  them.  IV.  421.  423. 
Jer.  9:23.  Let  not  the  rich  man  glory  in  his  riches.  VIII.  441-443. 
Jer.  22:21.  Spake  in  prosperity.  VIII.  503.  Prov.  8:10-11.  Receive 
knowledge  rather  than  choice  gold.  Matt.  6:  19-21.  Lay  not  up  treas- 
ures  upon    earth.  X.    161.     Matt.    19:21.  X.   390.     i    Tim.    6:17-19. 


Giving,  or  Offering.  261 

Charge  them  that  are  rich  that  they  be  not  highniinded,  nor  have  their 
hope  set  on  riches,  but  on  God,  who  giveth  us  all  things;  that  they 
be  rich  in  good  works,  laying  up  in  store  for  themselves  a  good  foun- 
dation against  the  time  to  come.  XL  526,  7.  Heb.  13:5.  Be  ye  free 
from  the  love  of  money;  content  with  such  things  as  ye  have.  The 
wise  and  acceptable  Prayer  of  Agur.  Prov.  30 : 8.  Give  me  neither 
poverty  nor  riches.  VI.  421,  2. 

Closely  linked  zvitJi  this  Theme  is  a  Specific  Divine  Co)nma?id, 
running  througJi  both  Testaments,  touching 

GIVING   (Offering)  to  the  Lord's  Work  and  His  Poor. 
Principles  of  Acceptable  Offering:  Made  to  God,  supremely 

for  His  sake.  Ex.  25 :  i  ;  35 : 4.  Take  for  Me  an  offering.  Bring  the 
Lord's  offering.  IT.  284.  Willingly  and  chcerfidly.  Ezra  3:5.  Will- 
ingly offered  a  free-will  offering  unto  the  Lord.  VII.  499,  III.  491. 
2  Cor.  9:7.  God  loveth  a  cheerful  giver.  XL  377.  Liberally.  Isa.  32: 
8.  The  liberal  deviseth  liberal  things.  VIII.  157,  8.  2  Cor.  9:6.  He 
that  soweth  bountifully  shall  reap  bountifully.  With  simplicity  (with- 
out fear,  favor,  or  ostentation).  Rom.  12:8.  XL  259.  At  some  cost 
or  sacrifice.  2  Sam.  24 :  24.  I  will  not  offer  of  that  which  doth  cost 
me  nothing.  III.  471-473.  Heb.  13 :  16.  With  such  sacrifices  God  is 
well  pleased.  XL  616.  One  element  of  true  consecration  and  god- 
likeness.  I  Chron.  29 :  5.  Who  offereth  willingly  to  consecrate  him- 
self this  day  imto  the  Lord?  III.  491.  Ps.  112:5,  6,  9.  V.  251-253. 
An  appointed  part  of  worship.  Deut.  16:  17.  Shall  not  appear  before 
Me  empty;  every  man  shall  give  as  he  is  able.  III.  396.  Acts  10:4. 
Alms  and  prayers  are  come  up  for  a  memorial  before  God.  XL  71, 
74.  Soul-ransom  offering.  Ex.  30:12-15.  II.  309.  Votive  offerings 
under  the  Law.  11.  433-440. 

Motives  actuating  the  true  giver: 

Sense  of  obligation, 
from  a  knowledge  of  God's  sole  ownership  and  of  his  own  trusteeship 
or  stewardship,     i   Chron.  29:14.  All  things  come  of  Thee,  and  of 
Thine  own  have  we  given  Thee.  III.  491.     See  Parables.  X.  401,  458. 

Natural  response  of  a  grateful  heart  to  the  grace  and  good- 
ness of  God. 

Paul  appeals  to  this  high  motive.  2  Cor.  8:9.  For  ye  know  the 
grace  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  that,  though  He  was  rich,  yet  for 


262  Giving,  or  Offering, 

your  sakes  He  became  poor,  that  ye  through  His  poverty  might  be- 
come rich.  XI.  375.  And  He  recurs  to  this  appeal  at  the  close  of  the 
9th  chapter  (both  of  them,  2  Cor.  8  and  9,  being  filled  with  this  sub- 
ject), in  the  exclamation,  "  Thanks  be  to  God  for  His  unspeakable 
gift."  XI.  379.  Rom.  8:32.  XI.  242.  I  Tim.  6:  17-19.  (Since)  God 
giveth  us  richly  all  things  to  enjoy,  ...  be  ready  to  distribute, 
willing  to  communicate,  laying  up  in  store,  etc.  XI.  527. 

God's  definite  demand,  together  with  His  assurance  of 
ample  returns. 

Prov.  3 :  9.  Honor  the  Lord  with  thy  substance,  with  the  first- 
fruits  of  all  thine  increase.  So  shall  thy  barns  be  filled  with  plenty. 
VI.  252-254.  Mai.  3 :  ID.  Bring  ye  the  whole  tithe,  and  prove  Me  if 
I  will  not  pour  out  a  blessing.  IX.  643,  4.  Matt.  5  :  42.  X.  153.  Prov. 
11:24,  25.  Scattereth  yet  increaseth.     Liberal  soul  shall  be  made  fat. 

VI.  305-307.  PrOv.  19:  17.  He  that  hath  pity  upon  the  poor  lendeth 
to  the  Lord,  and  his  good  deed  will  He  pay  him  again.  VI.  360,  i. 
Prov.  28:27.  He  that  giveth  to  the  poor  shall  not  lack.  VI.  415.  Ps. 
126:5.  Sow  in  tears,  reap  in  joy.  V.  382.  Eccles.  11  :i,  2,  6.  In 
morning  sow  thy  seed.  VI.  507-509.  Isa.  32 :  20.  Blessed  that  sow 
beside  all  waters.  VIII.  160.  Ps.  41:1-3.  IV.  305,  6.  Acts  20:35. 
More  blessed  to  give  than  to  receive.  XI.  145.  i  Chron.  29:9.  The 
people  rejoiced  because  with  a  perfect  heart  they  offered  willingly  to 
the  Lord.  III.  491.  Ps.  37:26.  He  lendeth,  and  his  seed  is  blessed. 
IV.  281. 

Measure  or  Proportion  of  Giving.    Deut.   i6:io.  Thou 

shalt  give  according  as  the  Lord  thy  God  blesseth  thee.  II.  411.  Deut. 
14:28,  29.  II.  439,  440.  Prov.  3:9.  The  first-fruits  of  all  thine  in- 
crease. VI.  252,  3.  2  Cor.  8:11,  12.  It  is  accepted  according  to  that 
a  man  hath.  XL  375.  Special  rule  for  systematic,  proportionate  giv- 
ing. I  Cor.  16:  2.  Upon  the  first  day  of  the  week  let  each  one  of  you 
lay  by  him  in  store,  as  he  may  prosper.  XI.  343.  Using  or  giving 
the  condition  of  having,  a  law  of  increase  for  bodily,  mental,  and 
spiritual  powers.     Matt.  25  :  29.  X.  460. 

Illustrations : 

Neh.  8  :  10.   Send  portions  unto  him  for  whom  nothing  is  prepared. 

VII.  563.  Mark  12:44.  She  of  her  want  did  cast  in  all  that  she  had. 
X.  439.     Acts  9:  36-39.  Dorcas.  XL  69. 

[The  Tithe  is  a  debt,  and  there  can  be  no  such  thing  as  "  giving  " 
or  making  a  free-will  offering  to  God  until  the  debt  has  been  paid. 


Use  of  Mental  Gifts.  263 

Every  man,  rich  or  poor,  who  fully  and  promptly  pays  his  debts  to 
his  fellow-men  thereby  contributes  to  his  own  strength  and  honor. 
Certainly  our  debts  to  God  are  no  less  sacred  and  binding  than  our 
debts  to  each  other,  and  as  for  rewards,  His  own  promise  is,  "  He 
that  honoreth  Me  I  will  honor."  The  divine  order  is  "  Tithes  and 
Offerings,"  the  one  being  an  expression  of  our  debt,  the  other  of  our 
gratitude.  Both  laws  existed  and  were  binding  as  long  before  Moses 
as  the  creation  of  man,  and  will  be  binding  as  long  as  man  endures. 
Neither  in  any  sense  derives  its  obligation  from  the  Mosaic  Law. 
Both  are  moral  duties,  and  all  moral  duties  have  their  origin  in  our 
moral  nature.     Law  defines  but  does  not  create  them.    Thomas  Kane.} 


We  refer  briefly  to  Two  other  Personal  Obligations, 
clearly  implied,  though  not  '  definitely  expressed,  in 
the  Scripture  Teaching : 

3.  RIGHT,  WISE  AND  HELPFUL  USE  OF  MEN- 
TAL GIFTS,  WITH  ALL  ACQUIRED  KNOWLEDGE 
AND   CULTURE. 

This  Obligation  has  an  impregnable  and  imperative  basis  in  the 
broad  principle  and  unquestionable  fact  of  personal  accountability  or 
stewardship  for  all  entrusted  gifts.  Not  only  the  faculty  of  speech 
and  the  holding  of  wealth,  but  also  and  equally  the  intellect  itself  and 
its  acquisitions  are  iiicluded  in  the  gifts  for  whose  proper  and  help- 
ful use  God  demands  account. 

A  few  texts  may  be  noted  implicitly  sustaining  this  point:  Dan. 
1 :  17.  God  gave  them  knowledge  and  skill  in  all  learning  and  wisdom. 
IX.  225.  Prov.  2:6,  7,  10.  Prov.  15:2.  Tongue  of  the  wise  utterelh 
knowledge  aright.  VI.  331.  Isa.  50:4.  Them  that  are  taught  .  .  . 
to  sustain  with  words  him  that  is  weary.  Prov.  11:30.  He  that  is 
wise  winneth  souls.  VL  307. 

A  large  review  of  present-day  literature  indicates  a  widely  preva- 
lent pursuit  of  knowledge  and  culture  for  its  own  sake,  for  personal 
gratification  or  advantage,  rather  than  a  definite  purpose  and  en- 
deavor to  advance  and  elevate  the  common  standards  of  thought  and 
conduct. 

A  still  graver  charge  seems  to  lie  against  the  great  body  of  ac- 
cepted writers  and  writings  as  respects  their  dealing  with  the  essential 
spiritual  facts  of  the  life  here  and  beyond  disclosed  by  God  in  Hi; 
Written  Word.     Undeniably,  the  Bible  and  Christianity  have  ever  stood 


264  Mental  Gifts  and  Acquisitions. 

for  and  have  made  the  grandest,  most  vital  and  effective  contributions 
to  Literature.  Yet  the  majority  of  cultured  literary  men  in  this  day 
ignore  the  essential  spirit  as  well  as  teaching  of  Christianity.  All 
other  knowledges,  of  philosophy  and  science,  of  aesthetic  and  mechan- 
ical art,  of  economic,  political  and  social  life,  all  that  pertain  to  the 
interests,  pursuits  and  well-being  of  this  life,  are  exhaustively  prose- 
cuted and  treated.  But  the  knowledge  of  God,  which  is  the  vital 
element  and  condition  of  spiritual  and  eternal  life,  the  knowledge 
that  must  underlie  and  produce  all  truly  religious  feeling  and  saving 
faith,  is  passed  indifferently  by.  If  read  or  studied  at  all  by  the  host 
of  literary  students  and  writers,  the  Book  of  God  is  intellectually 
studied  as  a  model  of  high  literary  excellence,  and  by  a  few  its  pure 
morality  is  recognized  and  commended.  But  the  strange  sad  fact  is 
patent  to  all  who  love  the  Master  that  its  profound  and  inestimably 
precious  spiritual  revelations  are  utterly  ignored  in  the  mass  of  the 
living  and  morally  leavening  literature  of  to-day. 

And  this,  to-day,  is  one  of  the  widest  and  most  powerful  hin- 
drances to  the  advance  of  the  Kingdom  of  God  upon  the  earth.  Its 
removal  can  only  be  hoped  for  with  the  recognition  by  individual 
writers  of  a  religious  purpose  as  the  supreme  aim  and  end  of  being 
and  living,  joined  with  an  inward  conviction  of  an  account  to  be 
exacted  for  the  life-use  of  mental  gifts  and  acquirements,  an  account 
to  be  measured  by  the  moral  effects  wrought  upon  fellow  minds  and 
hearts.  Let  it  be  further  noted  as  an  assured  truth,  that  literary 
culture  can  only  reach  its  highest  and  worthiest  achievement  when 
"  all  ideals  of  culture  find  their  inspiration  and  nourishment  in  the 
Divine  ideals  of  Jesus,  and  take  their  place  in  the  great  loving  world- 
purpose  of  the  world's  Saviour ;  when  thought,  and  art,  and  litera- 
ture, and  knowledge,  and  life  are  brought  into  subjection  to  Christ." 

In  this  connection,  a  suggestive  statement  respecting  the  subjects 
of  present-day  Bible  study  is  worthy  of  careful  note.  It  is  expressed 
by  a  scholar  of  wide  learning,  of  balanced  and  unbiased  judgment, 
with  an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  diverse  critical  views  and  practical 
methods  in  study.  Dr.  George  H.  Schodde  writes  of  "  The  Highest 
Aim  of  Bible  Study  "  as  follows : 

"  The  leading  trait  and  character  of  the  Bible  work  of  our  times 
is  literary  and  historical.  In  this  respect,  namely,  in  the  historical 
study  of  the  Scriptures  and  the  literary  investigation  of  the  books 
that  constitute  them,  there  has  been  a  decided  progress.  A  new  con- 
ception of  the  character  of  the  Scriptures  and  the  historical  method 
of  interpretation  has  helped  to  make  clearer  much  that  hitherto  was 
wot  apparent.     While  the  fact  had  been  recognized  all  along  that  the 


Aim  of  Bible  Study.  265 

Scriptures  have  both  a  divine  and  a  human  side,  it  is  only  in  our 
times  that  the  latter  has  received  the  emphasis  that  it  deserves. 

"  And  yet  here,  as  is  so  often  the  case,  the  greatest  weakness  lies 
side  by  side  with  the  greatest  strength.  The  literary  as  also  the  his- 
torical study  of  the  Scriptures  and  their  contents  is  not  an  end  in 
itself  but  can  and  should  be  only  a  means  to  an  end.  It  can  touch 
and  affect  only  that  part  of  the  Scriptures  which  at  bottom  is  of  lesser 
importance  and  which  does  not  constitute  the  unique  and  peculiar 
character  of  this  book.  It  is  true  that  the  Scriptures  contain  much 
belonging  to  the  departments  of  archeology,  history,  chronology  and 
the  like,  but  the  main  object  and  the  highest  aim  of  the  Bible  is  the 
revelation  of  that  Truth,  which  in  the  nature  of  the  case  can  come 
only  from  a  divine  source  and  is  not  subject  to  the  conditions  that 
surround  the  purely  human  factors  and  forces.  In  the  nature  of 
the  case  the  purely  literary  study  of  the  Scriptures  touches  only  the 
human  side  of  the  Book  and  its  contents.  We  have  indeed  learned 
much  concerning  the  geography,  the  topography,  the  chronology,  the 
history,  the  literary  character  of  the  Scriptures  through  the  literary 
and  the  archaeological  studies  of  the  times;  but  on  the  great  funda- 
mentals and  essentials  of  the  Scriptures,  the  revelation  of  which  con- 
stitutes the  main  purpose  of  the  giving  of  the  Book — no  materially 
new  light  has  been  contributed  by  the  newer  sources  of  information 
that  have  been  opened  up  before  the  Bible  student  in  recent  decades. 
The  character  and  personality  of  God,  His  will  and  His  ways.  His 
plans  for  the  redemption  of  mankind,  the  origin  of  sin  ancf  its  direful 
results,  the  person,  natures  and  work  of  Christ,  the  blessed  secrets  of 
redemption  and  atonement,  the  work  and  the  activity  of  the  Holy 
Spirit,  the  glories  of  the  church  triumphant,  all  these  and  many  more 
that  belong  to  the  kernel  and  essence  of  the  Scriptures  and  give  them 
really  what  makes  them  a  book  of  infinitely  greater  value  than  all 
the  other  literatures  of  the  world  combined,  all  these  can  in  the  nature 
of  the  case  not  expect  to  receive  much  new  light  from  the  historical 
study  of  the  Scriptures  except  incidentally. 

"  The  ideal  and  most  profitable  Bible  study  is  that  which  aims  at 
and  ends  in  a  better  appreciation  of  the  central  doctrines  revealing  the 
mysteries  of  salvation ;  and  in  the  study  of  these  truths  must  ever  lie 
the  highest  aim  of  Bible  study.  A  man  can  afford  to  be  ignorant  of 
many  of  the  historical,  literary,  archaeological  and  other  data  of  the 
Scriptures — welcome  and-  valuable  as  these  all  are — but  he  can  not 
afford  to  be  ignorant  of  the  cardinal  truths  concerning  the  Father 
and  the  Redeemer  and  the  Spirit.  There  seems  to  be  some  danger 
of  shifting  the  interest  in  current  Bible  work  from  the  centre  to  the 


266  Believer's  Supreme  Obligation. 

circumference,  from  the  divine  to  the  human  side  of  the  Scriptures 
The  one  should  be  done  and  the  other  not  be  left  undone,  but  the 
former  is  the  more  important.  It  is  well  enough  to  understand  Christ 
and  His  work  as  an  historical  phenomenon,  and  Him  as  a  prophet  and 
teacher  of  his  day  and  generation;  but  it  is  infinitely  more  important 
to  understand  Him  as  the  God-man  who  has  worked  out  redemption 
for  the  lost.     Here  is  the  heart  of  ideal  Bible  study." 

And  the  late  Dr.  Wm.  F.  Junkin,  treating  the  same  theme,  in- 
cluded two  frank  questions :  "  May  it  not  be  true  that  critical,  verbal, 
geographical,  historical  study  is  crowding  out  devotional  reading  of 
the  Bible?  Would  the  statement  be  overbold,  that  our  sweetest  com- 
munion, our  deepest  sympathies,  largest  experiences,  truest  worship, 
come  to  us  in  our  reading  of  the  Scripture  when  we  are  least  con- 
cerned about  its  authors,  its  literary  style,  or  its  local  colorings?" 

4.  RIGHT,  WISE  AND  HELPFUL  USE  OF  POSI- 
TION AND  INFLUENCE  ATTAINED  THROUGH 
DIVINE  GIFTS  OF  INTELLECT,  SPEECH  AND 
WEALTH. 

All  these  endowments  and  acquisitions  are  bestowed  by  the  favor 
and  blessing  of  God,  and  for  their  just  and  generous  use  every  en- 
trusted recipient,  with  emphasis  the  Christian  believer,  is  accountable 
to  Him.  All  are  to  be  exercised  and  employed  in  furtherance  of  the 
physical  well-being  and  moral  uplifting  of  men,  in  accordance  with 
the  imperative  Command,  Thou  shalt  love  thy  neighbor  as  thyself! 


In  closing  our  Comprehensive  Study  of  the  Great 
Truths  of  the  Divine  Word,  we  repeat  (p.  200)  and 
emphasize  anew  the  Sitprenie  Personal  Obligation  of 
every  believer : 

1.  By  gift  and  prayer  to  bear  his  needed  part  in 
fulfilling  the  Great  Command  of  the  Son  of  God  to 
Evangelize  the  World. 

2.  By  word  and  act,  by  example  and  persistent 
effort,  and  by  accompanying  fervent  intercession,  faith- 
fully to  obey  the  Christ's  Final  Injunction,  with  which 
He  closes  His  own  Revelation  from  Heaven  :  He  that 

HEARETH,    LET    HIM    SAY,    CoMe! 


INDEX    OF    TOPICS. 


Accountability,  162. 

Adoption,  63. 

Affliction,  219-225. 

Agency,  Divine  and  Human,  137. 

Aim  of  "Bible  Study,  265. 

Atonement,  48-56. 

Beatitudes,  O.  and  N.  T.,  119. 

Call  of  God  to  Men,  124. 

Calling  and  Election,  127-136. 

Childheartedness,  214. 

Christ: 

God  the  Son,  24. 
Prophet,  Priest,  King,  28. 
Redemptive  Work,  Particulars  : 
Incarnation,  39-42. 
Influences  of  Earthly  Life,  43-47. 
Atonement,  48-56. 
Justification,  57-63. 
Adoption,  63. 

Indwelling  with  Believer,  63-70. 
Christian  Life  : 

Christian,  Believer  etc.,  179. 
Figures  :    Soldier,    Athlete,    etc., 

181. 
Christian  Experience,  182. 
Christian  Character,  191. 
Christian  Walkor  Conduct,  192. 
Christian  Work  or  Service,  194. 
Watchwords  of  Counsel,  201. 
Covenants  of  God,  120. 
Creation,  112-115. 
Day  of  the  Lord,  176. 
Death,  173. 
Diligence,  255. 
Discourses  of  Christ,  43. 
Election,  127-136. 
Faith  and  its  Relations,  78-88. 


Flesh  and  Spirit,  187. 
Foreknowledge,        Foreoidination, 

127. 
Giving,  261. 
God: 
Being : 

Essential  Elements,  7. 
Properties  or  Attributes,  8. 
Qualities  of  Character,  10. 
Works  : 
Creation,  12. 
Providence,  16. 
Redemption,  21. 
Sovereignty,  Glory,  21. 
Trinity  in  Unity,  23. 
God  the  Father,  24. 
God  the  Son,  24. 
God  the  Holy  Spirit,  26. 
Office  in  Redemption  : 
Of  the  Father,  27. 
Of  the  Son,  28-35. 
Of  the  Spirit,  36-39. 
Grace  of  God,  116. 
Graces,  Christian,  204, 
Heart  of  Man,  164. 
Heaven  of  God,  141-145. 
Holy  Spirit  : 
Deity,  26. 

Office-work,  36-39. 
Redemptive  Agency,  Particulars : 
Regeneration,  71-73. 
Sanctification,  89-93. 
Hope,  204. 
Humility.  211. 
Immortality,  177. 
Incarnation,  39. 
Joy,  208. 


268 


Index  of  Topics. 


Judgment  of  God,  175. 

Justification,  57. 

Kingdom  of  God,  139. 

Labor,  255. 

Law  of  God,  100-109. 

Life's  Brevity,  173. 

Life,  Centered,  on  God  or  Self,  166- 

169. 
Longing  after  God,  217. 
Love  of  God,  11 2-1 15. 
Love  of  Man,  206. 

Man,    Nature,    Early    Experience, 
146-151. 

Facts  of    Life    Here    and    Here- 
after, 162-178. 

Spiritual  Transformation,  179. 
Mercy  of  God,  118. 
Messianic  References,  29. 
Metanoia  or  Repentance,  74-77. 
Miracles  of  Christ,  46. 
Money,  258. 
Morality,  108. 
Natural  Theology,  6. 
Nature,  World  of,  12. 
Obedience,  230. 
Offering,  to  God,  261. 
Parables  of  Christ,  43. 
Patience,  212. 
Peace,  210. 
Perseverance,  237. 
Praise,  242. 
Prayer,  244-254. 
Promises  of  God,  i22. 


Providence,  16-20. 
Reaping  and  Sowing,  172. 
Redemption,  94. 
Regeneration,  71-73. 
Repentance,  Metanoia,  74-77. 
Responsibility,  162. 
Resurrection  of  Christ,  32. 
Resurrection  of  Body,  176. 
Riches,  258. 
Righteousness,  80. 
Salvation,  96-99. 
Sanctification,  89-93. 
Self-Pleasing  and  Denial,  168. 
Self-Examination,  240. 
Serving  or  Service,  194. 
Sin,  152-161. 
Soul-Winning,  199. 
Sowing  and  Reaping,  172. 
Speech,  256. 
Steadfastness,  237. 
Teachings  of  Christ,  43. 
Temptation,  225. 
Thirsting  after  God,  217. 
Tongue,  256. 
Truth,  Truthfulness,  232. 
Unworldliness,  233. 
Waiting  on  God,  213. 
Watchfulness,  236. 
Wealth,  258. 
Will  of  God,  109. 
Wisdom,  215. 
Work,  255. 
Worship,  241. 


The  BUTLER  BIBLE-WORK 

ELEVEN  VOLUMES,  SOLD  SEPARATELY 

Royal  Octavo,  cloth,  averaging  650  double  column  pages,  illustrated  with 
nearly  200  Engravings,  Maps,  Diagrams,  Scenes  in  Bible  Lands  and 
Character  Sketches. 


OLD  TESTAMENT— Nine  Volumes,  each,  $2.00  net. 

VoL  I — From  Creation  to  Exodus. — Gen.  I  to  Ex.  XI. 

Vol.  El — Exodus  and  Wanderings  of  Israel ;  The  Legislation  Codi- 
fied.— Ex.  XII  to  End  of  Deuteronomy. 

VoL  III — Joshua  to  End  of  Solomon's  Reign — Books  of  Joshua, 
Judges,  Ruth,  I  and  II  Samuel,  I  Kings,  I  to  XI, 
I  Chronicles,  and  II  Chronicles,  I  to  IX. 

Vol.       IV  and  V— The  Book  of  Psalms. 

Vol.      VI — Job,  Proverbs,  Ecclesiastes,  and  Song  of  Solomon. 

Vol.  VII — Historical —  The  ICingdotn  of  Israel  and  the  Kingdom  of 
Judah,  the  Exile,  Captivity  and  Return —  I  Kings, 
XI  to  end,  II  Kings,  II  Chronicles,  X  to  end,  Ezra, 
Nehemiah  and  Esther. 

Vol.  VIII — Books  of  Isaiah,  Jeremiah  and  Lamentations. 

Vol.  IX — Books  of  Ezekiel,  Daniel,  Hosea,  Joel,  Amos,  Obadiah, 
Jonah,  Micah,  Nahum,  Habakkuk,  Zephaniah, 
Haggai,  Zechariah  and  Malachi. 

NEW  TESTAMENT— Two  Volumes,  each,  $2.50  net. 
Vol.  X — The  Fourfold  Gospel — The  four  narratives  made  one. 
Vol.      XI — The  Acts,  Epistles  and  Revelation. 

Also  a  Sequel  to  the  Bible- Work 

THE  TOPICAL  ANALYSIS  OF  THE  BIBLE 

A  plain,  Scriptual  Theology,  presenting  essential   Bible  truth  in  immediate 
connection  with  the  texts  which  sustain  them. 

PRICE,  $2.00  net. 

The  entire  work,  Including  the  "  Topical  Analysis," 
12  vols.,  $22.50  net. 


The  Butler  Bible-Work  has  not  been  on  the  market  for  some  years, 
but  it  has  now  been  transferred  to  the 

PRESBYTERIAN  BOARD  OF  PUBLICATION  AND 
SABBATH-SCHOOL  WORK 

PHILADELPHIA      NEW  YORK      CHICAGO      ST.  LOUIS    SAN    FRANCISCO 


Installment  Terms  of  the  BUTLER  BIBLE-WORK  Sent  on  Application 


The  following  article  published  originally  in  the  N.  F.  EVANGELIST,  refers 
to  the  New  Testatnent  volumes  of  the  Butler  Bible-Work  but  is  applicable  to  the 
whole  ■work. 


"  Most  Rich  and  Precious." 

By  HERRICK  JOHNSON.  D.D. 

These  are  Bacon's  superlatives  applied  to  an  ideal  book,  in  which 
were  choice  and  best  observations  "  made  dispersedly  "  by  different  writers, 
and  here  in  this  ideal  book  "set  down  in  a  continuance;"  observations 
"  not  dilated  into  common-places,  not  chasing  after  controversies,  not  re- 
duced into  method  of  art." 

The  ideal  has  become  actual.  Such  observations  have  been  gathered. 
The  book  is  here.  "  The  Butler  Bible=Work  "  is  an  attempt  to  re- 
alize Bacon's  thought.  The  best  comment  of  the  best  men  of  the  best 
centuries  has  been  here  "  set  down  in  a  continuance."  The  comment  is 
full,  but  not  continuous  ;  scholarly,  but  not  controversial.  Hence  the  book 
is  free  alike  from  "  commonplaces  "  and  from  "  controversies."  It  is  not  a 
minute,  grammatical  and  philological  examination  of  the  original  text,  and 
therefore  does  not  contain  the  processes  and  technical  terms  of  critical  ex- 
egesis. But  the  very  sweetest  juices  of  the  truth  of  God  are  here  pressed 
out,  and  with  sufificient  fulness  to  give  a  clear  understanding  of  the  general 
text  of  Scripture.  It  is  that  kind  of  comment  which  is  adapted  to  the 
humblest  mind,  and  yet  fitted  to  hold  and  feed  and  stimulate  the  most 
scholarly.     It  is  equally  a  book  for  the  family  and  the  study. 

BUT  THE  SPECIAL  FEATURE 

of  the  book  is  the  comment  itself.  It  is  not  by  one  man.  It  is  incompara- 
bly richer  and  more  varied  than  could  possibly  be  made  by  one  man.  Dr. 
Butler  has  been  on  a  search  through  the  centuries  for  the  best  thoughts  of 
the  most  gifted  and  godly  writers  on  the  New  Testament.  He  has  made 
sermons  and  addresses,  commentaries  and  treatises,  and  books  of  every 
goodly  sort  contribute  to  the  stories  packed  away  between  the  lids  of  these 
volumes.  Many  of  the  choicest  treasures  of  all  New  Testament  literature 
are  here. 

Let  any  one  look  over  the  list  of  authors  cited,  and  then  turn  to  some 
of  the  clear,  pithy,  incisive,  eloquent  and  often  profoundly  spiritual,  cita- 
tions, and  he  will  not  need  to  look  long,  to  be  assured  that  here  is  the  cream 
of  Christian  comment  on  the  Scriptures,  presented  with  rare  skill  of  arrange- 
ment and  adaptation.  There  are  more  than  three  hundred  authors  cited, 
and  they  are  among  the  chief  of  the  living  and  the  dead.  Here  will  be 
found  Leighton,  of  whose  work  Doddridge  said  "  There  is  a  spirit  in  them 
I  never  met  with  in  any  human  writings  ;  nor  can  I  read  many  lines  in 
them  without  being  moved."  Here  will  be  found  F.  W.  Robertson,  one 
of  the  most  suggestive  of  all  modern  preachers.  And  here  are  Basil 
Cyprian,  and  Augustine,  Bernard  of  Clairvaux,  Calvin  and  Luther,  Bengel 
and  Bacon,  the  Alexanders,  and  a  host  of  others,  for  whom  all  Bible  readers, 
in  going  through  the  pages  of  this  Commentary,  will  find  fresh  and  repeated 
occasion  to  thank  God.  Of  the  living  authors,  whose  choice  and  varied 
comments  enrich  these  pages,  it  is  needless  to  speak.  They  are  fit  associ- 
ates of  the  illustrious  dead.  Many  of  them  are  in  the  front  rank  of  scholar- 
ship, and  "mighty  in  the  Scriptures."  It  is  perfectly  safe  to  say  that  no 
one  book  holds  so  much  suggestive,  illustrative  and  stimulative  exposition 
of  God's  Word.  It  cannot  fail  to  quicken  the  spiritual  pulse  and  deepen  the 
spiritual  life. 

It  is  a  book  for  every  Church  Library  and  every  Christian  Home. 


I 


